Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002395 (Alzheimer's disease)
 110,584 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most frequently encountered causes of intractable pain and intractable medical problems, including headache, post-herpetic neuralgia, tinnitus with hearing difficulty, brachial essential hypertension, cephalic hypertension and hypotension, arrhythmia, stroke, osteo-arthritis, Minamata disease, Alzheimer's disease and neuromuscular problems, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and cancer are often found to be due to co-existence of 1) viral or bacterial infection, 2) localized microcirculatory disturbances, 3) localized deposits of heavy metals, such as lead or mercury, in affected areas of the body, 4) with or without additional harmful environmental electro-magnetic or electric fields from household electrical devices in close vicinity, which create microcirculatory disturbances and reduced acetylcholine. The main reason why medications known to be effective prove ineffective with intractable medical problems, the authors found, is that even effective medications often cannot reach these affected areas in sufficient therapeutic doses, even though the medications can reach the normal parts of the body and result in side effects when doses are excessive. These conditions are often difficult to treat or may be considered incurable in both Western and Oriental medicine. As solutions to these problems, the authors found some of the following methods can improve circulation and selectively enhance drug uptake: 1) Acupuncture, 2) Low pulse repetition rate electrical stimulation (1-2 pulses/second), 3) (+) Qi Gong energy, 4) Soft lasers using Ga-As diode laser or He-Ne gas laser, 5) Certain electro-magnetic fields or rapidly changing or moving electric or magnetic fields, 6) Heat or moxibustion, 7) Individually selected Calcium Channel Blockers, 8) Individually selected Oriental herb medicines known to reduce or eliminate circulatory disturbances. Each method has advantages and limitations and therefore the individually optimal method has to be selected. Applications of (+) Qi Gong energy stored paper or cloth every 4 hours, along with effective medications, were often found to be effective, as Qigongnized materials can often be used repeatedly, as long as they are not exposed to rapidly changing electric, magnetic or electro-magnetic fields. Application of (+) Qi Gong energy-stored paper or cloth, soft laser or changing electric field for 30-60 seconds on the area above the medulla oblongata, vertebral arteries or endocrine representation area at the tail of pancreas reduced or eliminated microcirculatory disturbances and enhanced drug uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Common factors contributing to intractable pain and medical problems with insufficient drug uptake in areas to be treated, and their pathogenesis and treatment: Part I. Combined use of medication with acupuncture, (+) Qi gong energy-stored material, soft laser or electrical stimulation. 135 50

Serotonin is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and is implicated in a variety of neural functions such as pain, feeding, sleep, sexual behavior, cardiac regulation and cognition. This paper is concerned with the last of these. Abnormalities of the serotonergic nervous system are well documented in pathologic studies of Alzheimer's disease and there is evidence suggesting that changes in this system occur in association with non-disease aging. Data on the role of serotonin in learning and memory and on the effects of aging on brain serotonin function are reviewed and discussed in relation to pharmacologic treatment strategies for the memory impairments associated with advancing age.
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PMID:Serotonin, memory, and the aging brain. 202 16

1. Although the number of diagnosed cases of dementia is rapidly increasing in the US, there is little known about pain in this population. 2. Pain assessment is often poorly done and documented, and there is evidence of stereotyping and underestimation of pain by health-care professionals. 3. Demented patients on an Alzheimer's unit displayed markedly atypical pain behaviors that were best assessed by the most experienced nurses. 4. Pain assessment in demented patients is an area requiring further study to determine the best method of assessment and treatment of pain.
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PMID:The tragedy of dementia: clinically assessing pain in the confused nonverbal elderly. 203 12

The hemodynamic modifications during anesthesia induction with etomidat or thiopentalum, with and without pretreatment with fentanyl, were studied in 60 ASA I-II patients. The patients were randomly divided into six subgroups, as a function of the induction agent (etomidat, 0.15 mg/kg, or thiopentalum, 3 mg/kg) and of the pretreatment used (fentanyl, 5 micrograms/kg, or 0.9% 1 ml/kg saline solution). Systolic, diastolic ATs and pulse were followed and measured during induction and after tracheal intubation. During induction the presence or absence of the thoracic rigidity, after fentanyl administration, and also the appearance of myoclonias and of local pain after etomidat injection were noted. Measurement of hemodynamic constants showed, in the control subgroups unprotected by fentanyl, that AT and pulse frequency increase following laryngoscopy and intubation irrespective of the induction agent used. Association of thiopentalum with fentanyl influenced partially tachycardia and postintubation hypertension. Administration of 5 micrograms/kg fentanyl prevented the SAT and pulse modifications but not the DAT variation. Association of 10 micrograms/kg fentanyl ensured a complete protective effect versus the tracheal intubation but, it led, first, to a SAT decrease by intensification of the myocardial depressing effect of the barbiturate. On the other hand, use of fentanyl as induction adjuvant with etomidat ensured the blockage of the pressure response to intubation, with hemodynamic stability during anesthesia induction, irrespective of the dose of fentanyl injected. Thoracic rigidity and the side effects generated by etomidate were absent.
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PMID:[The effect of fentanyl as an adjuvant to etomidate and thiopental on the hemodynamic response to the induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation]. 253 39

Implanted drug pumps provide a new way to infuse medication chronically to the nervous system in a selective fashion. They have been of value in treating pain of cancer and spasticity through spinal subarachnoid catheters. Treatment of Alzheimer's disease is currently being investigated using intraventricular bethanechol.
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PMID:Drug pumps for treatment of neurologic diseases and pain. 286 72

We show that in benign aging, normally functioning elders have minor neurobehavioral deficits in activities of daily living, and in their neurologic, motor and sensory status; hearing is peripherally and centrally impaired. Also, depression appears in 25%. Gentle physical exercise improves mobility, prevents falls, diminishes pain, wards off depression, reduces mortality, and increases cerebral blood flow and cognition. Diagnosis of Alzheimer disease consists of (1) proof of dementia, (2) meeting established clinical criteria, and (3) staging of severity. We describe dementia, giving tables to identify it and distinguish it from depression, and cite some reversible dementias. We report the accepted clinical inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria for this disease. We show, also with tables, the staging of severity of both dementia and Alzheimer disease as mild, moderate, or severe.
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PMID:Benign aging or Alzheimer disease? 747 16

A trypsin-type protease was purified to enzymatic homogeneity from human umbilical vein endothelial cells by sequential affinity chromatographies. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed dibasic substrates with leucine at the P3 positions, but scarcely hydrolyzed the other substrates tested. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by the Kunitz inhibitor domain peptide of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein precursor (Ki value, 0.35 nM) and by the microbial inhibitors leupeptin and anti-pain. These results, together with a previous finding of a significant increase in the expression of Alzheimer's amyloid protein precursors (beta APPs) with the Kunitz inhibitor domain in Alzheimer's disease, suggest that the activity of the trypsin-type protease is suppressed by an increase of beta APPs with inhibitor activity in Alzheimer's disease, resulting in aberrant intracellular protein catabolism including degradation of beta APPs and beta-protein deposition.
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PMID:Purification of a trypsin-type protease from human umbilical vein endothelial cells which is highly sensitive to the Kunitz inhibitor domain peptide of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein precursor. 836 70

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stress has been identified as a putative risk factor of AD. Thus, in the present study we examined the susceptibility of apoE-deficient mice to stress. The results obtained revealed that the elevation of corticosterone levels in apoE-deficient mice following restraint stress is markedly lower than in controls, and that these mice differ in their behavioral pain response to noxious stimuli in both stress and non-stress conditions. These findings suggest an interplay between apoE and the response to stressful stimuli and provide a model for elucidating the relationship between apoE and susceptibility to stress.
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PMID:Derangement in stress response of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. 871 Jan 89

Pain is likely to be a different problem in the old-old and the frail elderly compared to the young-old. Little attention has been paid to date to the impact of pain on quality of life in dementia patients, in postfracture patients, or in nondemented nursing home residents. It is likely that pain is a major source of depression and suffering in these individuals. Although currently available pain assessment tools are appropriate for the young-old, their usefulness in the old-old has not yet been evaluated. Additional pain assessment tools are needed for uncommunicative patients. The effectiveness of pain relief treatments in such patients cannot be evaluated without appropriate assessment. Such assessment may depend upon well-developed behavioral and observational techniques, particularly in individuals with later-life dementias such as dementia of the Alzheimer's type-a condition responsible for in excess of 60% of nursing home residents.
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PMID:Geriatric pain. Pain perceptions in the old. 885 38

In a longitudinal study of 1,686 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examined whether the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was reduced among reported users of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition, we examined use of acetaminophen, a pain-relief medication with little or no anti-inflammatory activity, to assess the specificity of the association between AD risk and self-reported medications. Information on use of medications was collected during each biennial examination between 1980 and 1995. The relative risk (RR) for AD decreased with increasing duration of NSAID use. Among those with 2 or more years of reported NSAID use, the RR was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.84) compared with 0.65 (95% CI: 0.33-1.29) for those with less than 2 years of NSAID use. The overall RR for AD among aspirin users was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.46-1.18), and no trend of decreasing risk of AD was observed with increasing duration of aspirin use. No association was found between AD risk and use of acetaminophen (RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.79-2.30), and there was no trend of decreasing risk with increasing duration of use. These findings are consistent with evidence from cross-sectional studies indicating protection against AD risk among NSAID users and with evidence suggesting that one stage of the pathophysiology leading to AD is characterized by an inflammatory process.
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PMID:Risk of Alzheimer's disease and duration of NSAID use. 971 76


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