Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adhesion is the first step leading to colonization and infection of a foreign body (FBI). To assess the ability of a subinhibitory concentration (subMIC) of pefloxacin (P) to prevent such infection, an experimental model was developed in Swiss albino mice. Subcuts of polyurethane catheters (Vygon) were placed in the peritoneal cavity of animals and 24 hours later, different inocula of an adherent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (MIC of P:0.8 mg/l) were injected i.p. Unexposed SA served as controls. Two days later the removed catheters, blood and spleen specimens were quantitatively cultured for bacterial content and identity. Infection was defined as more than 10 CFU/ml of SA recovered. Significant protection of mice, with lower dissemination, was found with inoculum sizes of 10(5) and 10(6). These results suggest that subMICs of P may confer protection against foreign body infection.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of subinhibitory concentration of pefloxacin in preventing experimental Staphylococcus aureus foreign body infection in mice. 130 53

P fimbriae are the major adhesins mediating attachment of pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli to urinary tract tissues, and they therefore constitute a recognized virulence factor. In this work, the effect of fluoroquinolones on P fimbria expression and function in E. coli SS142 and C1212 was assessed. Ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, and norfloxacin were compared with their precursor nalidixic acid and with trimethoprim in sublethal concentrations ranging from 1/32 to 1/4 of the MIC. Fimbria function was assessed in a standard hemagglutination assay and in a parallel hemagglutination inhibition assay in which the tier of antifimbrial antiserum necessary to inhibit hemagglutination by SS142 was determined. Adhesion of antibiotic-exposed bacteria to human uroma T24 cells in suspension was also measured. Fimbria production was quantitated in an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Trimethoprim produced a dose-dependent decrease of three to four hemagglutination titers for both strains and a decline in the antiserum titer from 1:16 (control) to 1:128 (1/4 MIC) for E. coli SS142. Adherence exhibited similar decrements from 130 +/- 28 (control) to 16 +/- 3 (1/4 MIC) and from 83 +/- 19 (control) to 30 +/- 11 (1/4 MIC) E. coli cells per uroepithelial cell (mean +/- standard error) for SS142 and C1212, respectively (P less than 0.015). By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the inhibition following exposure decreased in a dose-dependent manner from 31% (control) to 8% (1/4 MIC). By contrast, none of the quinolones produced significant changes in the parameters assessed above. At sublethal concentrations, trimethoprim decreased fimbria production. Following exposure to fluoroquinolones, however, E. coli expressed morphologically and functionally intact P fimbriae.
 ...
PMID:Influence of fluoroquinolones on expression and function of P fimbriae in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. 256 72

Adherence of human enterotoxigenic and bovine mastitis Escherichia coli to rat embryonic fibroblasts was studied. Adhesion of E. coli strains B34289c (human) and 1407 (bovine) was rapid and reached maximum after 30-40 min. Strain 1410 (bovine), which binds fibronectin but not its 29K amino-terminal fragment, did not adhere to the fibroblasts. Strain B34289c grown at 25 C or below and at 40 C or above lost its binding and adhesive properties simultaneously. Maximum binding and adhesion for this strain was achieved when it was grown at 33 C. Strains grown at this temperature adsorbed to fibronectin-, 29K fragment-, and Octyl Sepharose, with the exception of bovine strain 1410, which did not adsorb to 29K-Sepharose as expected. None of the strains adsorbed to cross-linked Sepharose 4B. 29K-IgG and Fab fragments thereof specifically blocked both binding (max 55%) and adhesion (greater than 95%). Sonicated and trypsin-treated bacteria were no longer able to bind or adhere. The supernatant of sonicated bacteria inhibited both binding and adhesion. Penicillin G at 0.5 micrograms/ml (1/5 minimal inhibitory concentration: MIC) and tetracycline at 0.2 micrograms/ml (1/5 MIC), when included in the growth medium, suppressed the cell surface components responsible for fibronectin binding and fibroblast adhesion. The presence of fibronectin was demonstrated in the fibroblast extracellular matrix by immunofluorescens with 29K-IgG antibodies.
 ...
PMID:Adhesion of enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and bovine mastitis Escherichia coli strains to rat embryonic fibroblasts: role of amino-terminal domain of fibronectin in bacterial adhesion. 328 1

There is accumulating evidence that sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of many antibiotics are not without effect on bacteria and even though they do not kill bacteria, they are still able to interfere with some important aspects of bacterial cell function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sub-MICs of brodimoprim and trimethoprim on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adhesiveness to human mucosal cells. Sub-MICs of brodimoprim down to 1/32 MIC (0.03 microgram/ml) significantly reduced the E. coli adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells and this inhibition was significantly higher than the corresponding pattern for trimethoprim. Adhesion of S. aureus was significantly reduced down to 1/16 MIC for both brodimoprim and trimethoprim but no significant differences resulted between the two patterns. 2,4 Diaminopyrimidines and related structures have a high affinity for the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and this causes a reduction in the synthesis of essential purines, thus reducing also DNA and the synthesis or expression of surface adhesins.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of bacterial adhesion by sub-inhibitory concentrations: brodimoprim vs trimethoprim. 819 36

Adhesion of synchronised yeast-phase Candida albicans cells to tissue culture plastic, and the susceptibility of planktonic and adherent cells to antifungal agents, was investigated using a modified tetrazolium (XTT) assay. MIC data demonstrated that ketoconazole and amphotericin B were highly active against planktonic C. albicans yeast-phase cells. XTT tetrazolium assays permitted comparisons of MIC values with XTT formazan IC50 and IC80 (percentage inhibitory concentrations); IC50 and IC80 values for amphotericin B and ketoconazole were similar. Furthermore, IC50 and IC80 values for 24 h incubation with antifungal agent were typically higher than corresponding IC50 and IC80 values for 48 h incubation. Furthermore, in comparison to values for planktonic Candida cells, adherent cells were typically less susceptible to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. For example, with increasing incubation time following the initial adhesion period, cells became progressively less susceptible to amphotericin B and ketoconazole: 24 h (P < 0.05) and 48 h (P < 0.001). Furthermore, other azoles showed the same activities compared with ketoconazole against both planktonic and adherent cells. Overall, the data demonstrate the usefulness of the XTT tetrazolium assay in describing comparisons of the susceptibility profiles for both planktonic and adherent synchronous yeast phase C. albicans in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Comparisons of the susceptibilities of planktonic and adherent Candida albicans to antifungal agents: a modified XTT tetrazolium assay using synchronised C. albicans cells. 873 62

Bacterial adhesion, which plays an important role in Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection, may be altered by the presence of antibiotics or/and antibiotic resistance determinants. This study evaluated the effect of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants on S. aureus adhesion to solid-phase fibronectin, which is specifically mediated by two surface-located fibronectin-binding proteins. Five isogenic mutants, derived from strain NCTC 8325 and expressing various levels of quinolone resistance, were tested in an in vitro bacterial adhesion assay with polymethylmethacrylate coverslips coated with increasing amounts of fibronectin. These strains contained single or combined mutations in the three major loci contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance, namely, grlA, gyrA, and flqB, which code for altered topoisomerase IV, DNA gyrase, and increased norA-mediated efflux of fluoroquinolones, respectively. Adhesion characteristics of the different quinolone-resistant mutants grown in the absence of fluoroquinolone showed only minor differences from those of parental strains. However, more important changes in adhesion were exhibited by mutants highly resistant to quinolones following their exponential growth in the presence of one-quarter MIC of ciprofloxacin. Increased bacterial adhesion of the highly quinolone-resistant mutants, which contained combined mutations in grlA and gyrA, was associated with and explained by the overexpression of their fibronectin-binding proteins as assessed by Western ligand affinity blotting. These findings contradict the notion that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics generally decrease the expression of virulence factors by S. aureus. Perhaps the increased adhesion of S. aureus strains highly resistant to fluoroquinolones contributes in part to that emergence in clinical settings.
 ...
PMID:Increased expression of fibronectin-binding proteins by fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin. 914 42

Adhesion to biomaterial is assumed to be a crucial step in the development of staphylococcal foreign body infections. Production of extracellular slime has major implications for the development and implementation of therapeutic strategies. The effect of extracted slime was investigated on the activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampicin and ranbezolid against 10 clinical and 4 ATCC staphylococcal isolates. The slime extract caused a 2- to 16-fold increase in the MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin, with a shift in the MIC(90) from 2 to 32 (vancomycin) and 2 to 16 (teicoplanin), whereas the MICs of linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin were only moderately affected. In time-kill studies, a significant decrease in bacterial killing (>3 log(10) cfu/ml) was observed with vancomycin and teicoplanin (4 x MIC) after addition of slime (5 and 20 mg/ml), whereas the effect of killing by linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin was very modest. The rifampicin and ranbezolid MICs and kill curves were not influenced by the addition of slime. The present study thus indicated that slime interferes with the antimicrobial effect of glycopeptide drugs (vancomycin, teicoplanin), and that for effective prevention and treatment of prosthetic device-related infections, appropriate and newer antibiotics such as ranbezolid should be considered.
 ...
PMID:Adverse effect of staphylococci slime on in vitro activity of glycopeptides. 1637 66

Adhesion to biomaterial is assumed to be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of foreign body infection. Slime producing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus have emerged as a preeminent cause of nosocomial bacteremia and infections of prosthetic medical devices. We evaluated the time-dependent anti-adhesive effect of RBx 7644 (ranbezolid), vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin/ dalfopristin on two isolates each of S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Linezolid and quinupristin/ dalfopristin showed inhibition only at supra-inhibitory concentrations (2 and 4X MIC) following 2 and 4 h delayed treatment, whereas RBx 7644 demonstrated significant activity against adhesion of staphylococcal cells that had been treated with 2 to 6 h delay. When vancomycin treatment was delayed by 4 to 6 h, even concentrations above the MIC were unable to prevent adherence. This study indicates that RBx 7644 has anti-adhesion potential and may emerge as an important antibiotic for prevention and treatment of device-related infections caused by staphylococci.
 ...
PMID:Effect of oxazolidinone, RBx 7644 (ranbezolid), on inhibition of staphylococcal adherence to plastic surfaces. 1867 19

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial bacterial pathogen that is currently isolated with increasing frequency from the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this study the effect of subinhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of moxifloxacin on adhesion, biofilm formation and cell-surface hydrophobicity of two strains of S. maltophilia isolated from CF patients were evaluated. Adhesion and biofilm formation assays were carried out on polystyrene and quantified by colony counts. Cell-surface hydrophobicity was determined by a test for adhesion to n-hexadecane. Moxifloxacin at 0.03x and 0.06x MIC caused a significant decrease in adhesion and biofilm formation by both strains tested. A significant reduction in cell-surface hydrophobicity following exposure to subMICs of moxifloxacin was observed for one strain only. The results of the present study provide an additional rationale for the use of moxifloxacin in CF patients and more generally in biofilm-related infections involving S. maltophilia.
 ...
PMID:Subinhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin decrease adhesion and biofilm formation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from cystic fibrosis. 1976 76