Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Initial adhesive contacts between T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by the TCR. In this report, we studied the dynamic behavior of adhesion and Ag receptors on DCs during initial contacts with T-cells. Adhesion molecules LFA-1- and ICAM-1,3-GFP as well as MHC class II-GFP molecules were very rapidly concentrated at the DC contact area. Binding of ICAM-3, and ICAM-1 to a lesser extent, to LFA-1 expressed by mature but not immature DC, induced MHC-II clustering into the immune synapse. Also, ICAM-3 binding to DC induced the activation of the Vav1-Rac1 axis, a regulatory pathway involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which was essential for MHC-II clustering on DCs. Our results support a model in which ICAM-mediated MHC-II clustering on DC constitutes a priming mechanism to enhance antigen presentation to T-cells.
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PMID:Synaptic clusters of MHC class II molecules induced on DCs by adhesion molecule-mediated initial T-cell scanning. 1587 88

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a neutrophil agonist that plays a role in inflammatory disorders, including a variety of pulmonary diseases. Adhesion of neutrophils onto pulmonary cells is a major event leading to development of inflammation. Recently, elevated levels of IL-15 have been associated with different pulmonary diseases. There is no clear evidence that IL-15 modulates cell surface expression of adhesion molecules in neutrophils, or that IL-15 is involved in neutrophil adhesion onto pulmonary cells. Also, it is not clear if IL-15 induces a neutrophilic inflammation in vivo. This study was aimed at elucidation of these issues. Neutrophils were treated with IL-15 and cell surface expression of CD11a, CD11b, CD11c and CD18 was monitored by flow cytometry. The human respiratory epithelial A549 cell line was used as a substrate for the neutrophil adhesion assay and cell surface expression of CD50, CD54 and CD106 was monitored in IL-15-induced A549 cells. The murine air pouch model was used for investigating potential neutrophilic inflammation induced by IL-15 in vivo. IL-15 significantly increased neutrophil cell surface expression of CD11b and CD18 and up-regulated A549 cell surface expression of CD54. Moreover, A549 cells were found to express IL-15R components and adhesion of neutrophils onto A549 cells was increased when neutrophils or A549 cells were treated with IL-15. Finally, IL-15 induced neutrophilic inflammation in vivo and concentrations of IL-6 and CXCL2/MIP-2 were increased in IL-15-induced pouches. IL-15 might participate in inflammatory pulmonary diseases by attracting neutrophils, modulating cell surface expression molecules and increasing neutrophil adhesion onto pulmonary cells.
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PMID:Interleukin-15 increases neutrophil adhesion onto human respiratory epithelial A549 cells and attracts neutrophils in vivo. 1599 96

Adhesion molecules may play an important role in the homing of T-cell subsets into allergen-exposed skin of atopic individuals. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the expression of adhesion molecules in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin lesions. Biopsies were taken at acute skin lesions from 10 AD patients and 5 healthy controls, and were studied by immunohistocytochemistry for the expression of E-selectin, L-selectin, ICAM-1 and ICAM-3 on cells in the epidermis and dermis. Study results revealed all AD patients to express ICAM-1 (10/10) and ICAM-3 (10/10) in the dermis, and most of them to express E-selectin (9/10) and L-selectin (6/10) in the dermis, without expression of E- and L-selectins in the epidermis. Our results revealed a high expression of adhesion molecules, especially ICAM-1 and ICAM-3, in the skin lesions of AD patients, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and these preliminary results may be of clinical relevance for the treatment of AD.
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PMID:The role of adhesion molecules in atopic dermatitis. 1660 95

The integrin alphaLbeta2 mediates leukocyte adhesion and migration that are required for a functional immune system. It is known that inside-out signaling triggers alphaLbeta2 conformational changes, which affect its ligand-binding affinity. At least three alphaLbeta2 affinity states (low, intermediate, and high) were described. The cytosolic protein talin connects alphaLbeta2 to the actin filament. The talin head domain is also known to activate alphaLbeta2 ligand binding. However, it remains to be determined whether talin promotes an intermediate or high affinity alphaLbeta2. In this study using transfectants and T cells, we showed that talin induced an intermediate affinity alphaLbeta2 that adhered constitutively to its ligand intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 but not ICAM-3. Adhesion to ICAM-3 was induced when an additional exogenous activating agent was included. Similar profiles were observed with soluble ICAMs. In addition, the intermediate affinity alphaLbeta2 induced by talin allowed adhesion and migration of T cells on immobilized ICAMs.
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PMID:The cytosolic protein talin induces an intermediate affinity integrin alphaLbeta2. 1759 77

Leptin is a pleiotropic adipocyte-derived cytokine used in hypothalamic regulation of body weight and modulation of immune response by stimulating T cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Leptin has been shown to be an eosinophil survival factor. We examined the immunopathological mechanisms for the activation of human eosinophils from healthy volunteers by leptin in allergic inflammation. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and cell migration were assessed by flow cytometry, ELISA and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Intracellular signaling molecules were investigated by membrane array and Western blot. Leptin could up-regulate cell surface expression of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and CD18 but suppress ICAM-3 and L-selectin on eosinophils. Leptin could also stimulate the chemokinesis of eosinophils, and induce the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6, and chemokines IL-8, growth-related oncogene-alpha and MCP-1. We found that leptin-mediated induction of adhesion molecules, release of cytokines and chemokines, and chemokinesis were differentially regulated by the activation of ERK, p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB. In view of the above results and elevated production of leptin in patients with allergic diseases such as atopic asthma and atopic dermatitis, leptin could play crucial immunopathophysiological roles in allergic inflammation by activation of eosinophils via differential intracellular signaling cascades.
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PMID:Leptin-mediated cytokine release and migration of eosinophils: implications for immunopathophysiology of allergic inflammation. 1763 54

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation, and there is evidence that they are recruited to the brain across the blood-brain barrier. The molecular mechanisms mediating DC trafficking to the central nervous system are poorly understood. This study used an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier and monocyte-derived DCs to investigate the role of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecules and their ligands in the adhesion of immature and mature DCs to cerebral microvascular ECs. Adhesion of DCs to resting brain ECs was minimal, but activation of ECs with tumor necrosis factor significantly upregulated adhesion. Immature DCs adhered to activated ECs more avidly than mature DCs; this correlated with differences in the expression of adhesion molecule ligands between the mature and immature DCs. Blocking studies indicated that adhesion to cytokine-activated blood-brain barrier endothelium is mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, platelet-EC adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, CD18, and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) for immature DCs and ICAM-1, CD18, DC-SIGN, and PECAM-1 for mature DCs. These results suggest that DC adhesion to cerebral ECs depends on the maturation state of DCs and the activation state of the endothelium, and that it is regulated by specific receptor-ligand interactions. This study thus further highlights the active role of human brain microvascular ECs in neuroinflammation.
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PMID:Dendritic cell adhesion to cerebral endothelium: role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and their ligands. 1922 7

Adhesion molecules are receptors found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells, which bind to their ligands, either on other cells or on the extracellular matrix. The function of adhesion molecules is to allow leukocytes to interact with other hemopoetic cells or with foreign antigens (Ags) in the blood, to transiently adhere to the vascular endothelium, to migrate between endothelial cells and through the basement membrane into the surrounding tissue, and to adhere to the epithelium. There are three main groups of adhesion molecules: the integrins, immunoglobulin (Ig) supergene family, and the selectins: These are summarized in Table 1 (1-7). Table 1 Summary of Adhesion Molecules Group CD number Name Expressed on Ligand Integrins CD 49a VLA-1 T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, basement membrane Laminin, collagen B1 very late antigens CD 49b VLA-2 Activated T lymphocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, endothelium, epithelium Collagen, laminin CD 49c VLA-3 Epithelium, fibroblasts Laminin, collagen, fibronectin CD 49d VLA-4 Leukocytes, fibroblasts VCAM-1, fibronectin CD 49e VLA-5 Leukocytes, platelets, epithelium Fibronectin CD 49f VLA-6 T lymphocytes, platelets Laminin B2 leukocyte integrins CD 11a LFA-1 Leukocytes ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 CD 11b Mac-1 Macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes ICAM-1, fibrinogen, C3bi CD 11c p150.95 Macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes Fibrinogen, C3bi IG Supergene family CD 54 ICAM-1 Endothelium, leukocytes, epithelium LFA-1 Mac-1 CD 102 ICAM-2 Endothelium, leukocytes LFA-1 CD 106 VCAM-1 Endothelium, dendritic cells, tissue macrophages VLA-4 Selectins CD 62E E selectin Endothelium Sialyl Lewis x CD 62P P selectin Platelets, endothelium Sialyl Lewis x CD 62L L selectin Leukocytes Mannose-6-P, fructose-6-P.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of adhesion molecules in airway biopsies. 2131 33


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