Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical findings for 5 new cases of colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs were presented and 8 other cases from the literature were reviewed. Colonic perforation was a fatal complication in all 13 dogs, 12 of which had had recent major surgery. Ten dogs were neurosurgical patients, 1 dog received medical therapy for head trauma and nonambulatory paresis, and 2 dogs were operated on for non-neurologic conditions. Dexamethasone was the most frequently used corticosteroid, and 12 dogs received a mean cumulative dose of 6.4 mg/kg over an average period of 5.1 days. Depression, anorexia, and emesis, the most frequent signs attending colonic perforation, became evident 3 to 8 days after surgery. Signs preceded death by an average of 22.3 hours. Correct antemortem diagnosis (5 dogs) and surgical intervention (3 dogs) had no effect on eventual outcome (mortality = 100%). Colonic perforation most frequently developed in the proximal descending portion and always involved the antimesenteric border. Gross fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity and acute generalized peritonitis were evident in all but one dog. Adhesions were observed at the lesion site in 6 dogs, but prevented gross soilage in only one dog.
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PMID:Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs. 370 Feb 9

Regulation by dexamethasone of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in cultured monolayers of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line EAhy926 was investigated. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in combination or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone gave time- and dose-dependent increases in ICAM-1. Sustained expression of ICAM-1 was observed after short exposure (30 min) to TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma, but not to LPS. LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression was not inhibited by interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (0.01-100 micrograms/ml). Dexamethasone (1,000 nM) did not inhibit TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression or mRNA induction. In contrast, dexamethasone dose dependently (0.1-1,000 nM) inhibited LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression; however, its effect on mRNA was not established, because ICAM-1 mRNA induced by LPS was not detected at the time points investigated in this study (3 and 20 h). Adhesion of unstimulated human neutrophils to EAhy926 monolayers activated with TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma or LPS was increased in the presence of dexamethasone at low doses, whereas neutrophil adhesion to LPS- but not cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the presence of a high dose of dexamethasone (1,000 nM). In conclusion, dexamethasone was demonstrated to regulate the expression and function of ICAM-1 in a stimulus-dependent manner.
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PMID:Regulation of ICAM-1 by dexamethasone in a human vascular endothelial cell line EAhy926. 877 19

Nanosponges (NS) were synthesized by crosslinking of beta cyclodextrins with diphenyl carbonate. It is a hyper-branched polymer with an ultra high encapsulation efficiency leading to formation of colloidal systems. Dexamethasone (DEX) on the other hand is a poorly soluble drug with a poor corneal permeability. Excessive instillation of ocular suspension of dexamethasone leads to various complications thereby necessitating a novel nanotherapeutic system with greater ocular retention and permeation. This study aimed at formulating complexes of DEX with three types of beta-cyclodextrin NS obtained with different cross-linking ratio (viz. 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 on molar basis with the cross-linker) for ocular applications. Nano-encapsulation was done by incubation-lyophilization technique to yield various formulations of Nanosponges (viz. F1:2, FI:4 and F1:8). From drug loading studies it was found that DEX was loaded in the highest amount in (NS 1:4), as much as 10% w/w as compared to 3% w/w and 5% w/w in 1:2 and 1:8 types of NS respectively. In vitro release studies showed that release of DEX was in a controlled manner for around 300 minutes. The particle sizes of the loaded NS formulations were between 350 and 660 nm with low polydispersity indices. The zeta potentials were sufficiently high (-20 to -27 mV) to obtain a stable colloidal nanosuspension. X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infra-red attenuated transmittance reflectance spectroscopy studies confirmed the interactions and encapsulation of DEX with NS. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies confirmed its spherical colloidal nature. Ex vivo safety assessment done on bovine cornea showed no adverse reactions proving the safety of the system. Adhesion and retention properties of NS formulations were confirmed by use of 6-Coumarin as a model fluorescent marker. Corneal permeability of DEX from optimized formulations done on excised bovine cornea in corneal holders showed that the NS formulation showed higher permeability than the marketed formulation.
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PMID:Nanosponges encapsulating dexamethasone for ocular delivery: formulation design, physicochemical characterization, safety and corneal permeability assessment. 2385 64