Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ethyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, butyl acetate (BA), and hexyl acetate were detected by solid-phase microextraction and gas-liquid chromatography inside slices of Golden Delicious apple and in water droplets on the skin of slices incubated in sealed glass jars. Conidial adhesion and germination of the gray mold fungus, Botrytis cinerea, was assessed on apple slices after exposure or no exposure to the esters in the headspaces of glass jars. Attached conidia were dislodged by sonication and remaining conidia on apple slices were counted by microscopy. Adhesion generally increased as BA increased to 7.2 microg mL(-1), but declined with greater concentrations. BA at 0-3.6 microg mL(-1) for 24 h stimulated adhesion 2-fold greater compared to that at 4 h. Adhesion stimulated by BA increased as a function of time (0-24 h), showing linear trends (r (2) = 0.99; p = 0.01) during 0-12 h. The four esters were similar in their ability to stimulate adhesion. Germination of conidia exposed to BA increased linearly (r (2) = 0.95-0.98; p = 0.01) during 4-12 h. Conidial adhesion stimulated by BA preceded conidial germination by 2 h. The four esters stimulated conidial germination to similar levels. Results indicated that acetate esters formed in apple fruit are mycoactive, influencing life-cycle events of B. cinerea important to its survival on the fruit. The similar responses of three B. cinerea isolates to four acetate esters suggests a common stimulation mechanism may operate in B. cinerea.
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PMID:Mycoactive acetate esters from apple fruit stimulate adhesion and germination of conidia of the gray mold fungus. 1200 75

The adhesion and germination of conidia of nine fungal species were assessed on polycarbonate membranes or on the skin of apple fruit in sealed glass bottles injected or not injected with acetate esters. Adhesion was determined after dislodging conidia from surfaces using a sonication probe. Adhesion and germination of conidia of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium claviforme, or Trichoderma sp. on membranes after 48 h were not increased in a 1.84 microg mL(-1) headspace of butyl acetate (BA), ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, pentyl acetate, or propyl acetate. Adhesion and germination of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium roquefortii conidia were stimulated by all esters. Only conidia of B. cinerea and P. expansum exhibited increased adhesion and germination on the skin of apple fruit in bottles exposed to 0.92 microg mL(-1) of BA. Only conidia of B. cinerea and P. expansum produced decay in inoculated puncture wounds on fruit. Freshly made puncture wounds or 24-h-old puncture wounds in fruit were more adhesive than the unpunctured skin of fruit to conidia of B. cinerea or P. expansum. Fresh wounds were more adhesive to both fungi than 24-h-old puncture wounds. The skin and wounds of fruit were as adhesive to B. cinerea conidia as they were to P. expansum conidia. A 4-h exposure to 1.43 microg mL(-1) of BA increased adhesion of B. cinerea and P. expansum conidia in 24-h-old wounds. Results suggest that acetate-ester stimulation most likely is not a rare phenomenon in the fungi. For nutrient-dependent decay pathogens of apple fruit, acetate esters may be an alternative chemical cue used to maintain adhesion of conidia to wound surfaces.
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PMID:Germination and adhesion of fungal conidia on polycarbonate membranes and on apple fruit exposed to mycoactive acetate esters. 1271 1