Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma is a disease of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity that is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate in the bronchial submucosa. The interactions between infiltrating T lymphocytes with cellular and extracellular matrix components of the airway and the consequences of these interactions have not been defined. We demonstrate the constitutive expression of CD44 on human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in culture as well as in human bronchial tissue transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient mice. In contrast, basal levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression are minimal but are induced on ASM by inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Activated, but not resting T cells, adhere to cultured ASM; stimulation of the ASM with TNF-alpha enhanced this adhesion. Adhesion was partially blocked by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) on T cells and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on ASM cells. The observed integrin-independent adhesion was mediated by CD44/hyaluronate interactions as it was inhibited by anti-CD44 mAb 5F12 and by hyaluronidase. Furthermore, the adhesion of activated T lymphocytes induced DNA synthesis in growth-arrested ASM cells. Thus, the interaction between T cells and ASM may provide insight into the mechanisms that induce bronchial inflammation and possibly ASM cell hyperplasia seen in asthma.
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PMID:T lymphocytes adhere to airway smooth muscle cells via integrins and CD44 and induce smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis. 752 Apr 73

As in other organs, leukocyte adhesion molecules and their ligands play a major role in cutaneous inflammatory events both by directing leukocyte trafficking and by their effects on antigen presentation. Skin biopsies of inflamed skin from patients with diseases such as as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis reveal up-regulation of endothelial cell expression of P- and E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Studies of evolving lesions following UVB irradiation, Mantoux reaction or application of contact allergen, demonstrate that expression of these adhesion molecules parallels leukocyte infiltration into skin. When cutaneous inflammation is widespread (e.g. in erythroderma), soluble forms of these molecules are detectable in serum. In vitro studies predict that peptide mediators are important regulatory factors for endothelial adhesion molecules. Intradermal injection of the cytokines interleukin 1, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma into normal human skin leads to induction of endothelial adhesion molecules with concomitant infiltration of leukocytes. In addition, neuropeptides rapidly induce P-selectin translocation to the cell membrane and expression of E-selectin. Adhesion molecules also play a crucial role as accessory molecules in the presentation of antigen to T lymphocytes by Langerhans' cells. Expression of selectin ligands by Langerhans' cells is up-regulated by various inflammatory stimuli, suggesting that adhesion molecules may be important in Langerhans' cell migration. The skin, because of its accessibility, is an ideal organ in which to study expression of adhesion molecules and their relationship to inflammatory events. Inflammatory skin diseases are common and inhibition of lymphocyte accumulation in skin is likely to prove of great therapeutic benefit.
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PMID:Adhesion molecules in cutaneous inflammation. 758 40

Adhesion molecules appear to play a central role in tissue damage secondary to inflammatory response. Besides various neutrophil- and endothelial-bound adhesion molecules, soluble forms of endothelial-derived adhesion molecules have been detected in the circulating blood in recent years. They seem to be good markers of endothelial damage, but their importance in the critically ill has not been definitely elucidated yet. Plasma levels of circulating (soluble) adhesion molecules (endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecules [sELAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 [sVCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [sICAM-1]) were serially measured from arterial blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 50 consecutive patients suffering from severe trauma (injury severity score [ISS] > 25 points) or postoperative complications. Measurements were carried out on the day of admission on the intensive care unit (ICU) ("baseline" value) and during the next 5 days. Survival was defined as survival throughout the study period. The survivor group (n = 30) consisted of more patients who had sustained trauma (53%), whereas in the nonsurvivors (n = 20) more patients with postoperative complications were found (65%). On admission to ICU, septic shock was more often seen in the nonsurvivors (30%) than in the survivors (13%) and the nonsurvivors showed a slightly higher APACHE II score at baseline. At baseline, plasma levels of all three adhesion molecules were elevated beyond normal range in both groups. The sICAM-1 and sELAM-1 plasma concentrations were significantly higher in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors already at baseline. The sELAM-1 and sICAM-1 values significantly decreased in the survivors without reaching normal values. At the end of the investigation period, sVCAM-1 plasma level was within normal range in the survivors. In the nonsurvivors, all three adhesion molecules increased significantly throughout the study period (sELAM-1, from 115 +/- 31 to 158 +/- 23 ng/mL; sICAM-1, from 830 +/- 210 to 1,536 +/- 199 ng/mL; sVCAM-1, from 861 +/- 168 to 1,249 +/- 151 ng/mL). None of the other hemodynamic or laboratory variables could be correlated with the time course of adhesion molecules, except for PaO2/Pao2 ratio, which was negatively correlated with plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules in the nonsurvivors (analysis of covariance). It is concluded that plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules were markedly higher in nonsurviving than in surviving critically ill patients. They may possibly serve as markers of the extent of inflammatory response, of the endothelial damage in patients at risk of multiple-organ failure or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Do plasma levels of circulating soluble adhesion molecules differ between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill patients? 787 54

The CC chemokines regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) and monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3), and the anaphylatoxin C5a, induce activation, degranulation, chemotaxis, and transendothelial migration of eosinophils. Adhesion assays on purified ligands showed differential regulation of beta 1 and beta 2 integrin avidity in eosinophils. Adhesiveness of VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1, CD29/CD49d) for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 or fibronectin was rapidly increased but subsequently reduced by RANTES, MCP-3, or C5a. The deactivation of VLA-4 lead to cell detachment, whereas phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced sustained activation of VLA-4. In contrast, chemoattractants stimulated a prolonged increase in the adhesiveness of Mac-1 (alpha M beta 2, CD11b/CD18) for intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Inhibition by pertussis toxin confirmed signaling via G protein-coupled receptors. Chemoattractants induced transient, while phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced sustained actin polymerization. Disruption of actin filaments by cytochalasins inhibited increases in avidity of VLA-4 but not of Mac-1. Chemoattractants did not upregulate a Mn2+-inducible beta 1 neoepitope defined by the mAb 9EG7, but induced prolonged expression of a Mac-1 activation epitope recognized by the mAb CBRM1/5. This mAb inhibited chemoattractant-stimulated adhesion of eosinophils to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Thus, regulation of VLA-4 was dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, whereas conformational changes appeared to be crucial for activation of Mac-1. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that physiological agonists, such as chemoattractants, can differentially regulate the avidity of a beta 1 and a beta 2 integrin expressed on the same leukocyte.
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PMID:Differential regulation of beta 1 and beta 2 integrin avidity by chemoattractants in eosinophils. 885 87

Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) may inhibit inflammatory cell recruitment to active MS lesions by effects on leukocyte or endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. We investigated 15 MS patients in relapse receiving a 5-day course of IVMP (500 mg/day) and 15 normal subjects. Patients' blood samples were obtained pretreatment, at 6 and 24 hours after the first dose, and 48 hours after completion of therapy. Levels of L-selectin, leukocyte functional antigen 1 (LFA-1), Mac-1, and very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) expression were determined on alphabeta and gammadelta T cells and monocytes by dual-color immunofluorescent flow cytometry. Serum levels of soluble (s) L-selectin, sE-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were measured by ELISA. There was a marked decrease in the T-cell and monocyte counts at 6 hours after therapy, with recovery to baseline at 24 to 48 hours. Adhesion molecule expression was normal on circulating T cells and monocytes in active MS. IVMP resulted in significant changes in the percent adhesion molecule expression on monocytes: increased L-selectin expression at 24 hours, decreased Mac-1 expression at 6 hours, and decreased VLA-4 expression at 6 hours and 24 hours following treatment. T-cell adhesion molecule expression was unaffected by the therapy. Serum sE-selectin was reduced at 6 hours and 24 hours following treatment. IVMP alters the distribution and kinetics of monocyte adhesion molecule expression and endothelial cell release of E-selectin, which may limit monocyte recruitment to areas of tissue destruction in MS.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy on leukocyte and soluble adhesion molecule expression in MS. 944 84

Adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell membrane play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Levels of soluble forms of cell adhesion molecules are reportedly elevated in patients with peripheral artery vessel disease and in patients with an atherosclerotic aorta. The present study investigated the association of serum levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, and examined the influence of serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins (apo) in subjects with (n=52, M/F:43/9) and without (controls, n=40, M/F:25/15) angiographically proven coronary atherosclerosis. After controlling for age and gender, levels of sVCAM-1 (least squares mean +/- std error: 565+/-36 ng/ml vs 540+/-41 ng/ml, ns), sICAM-1 (261+/-17ng/ml vs 247+/-19ng/ml, ns), and sP-selectin (142+/-8ng/ml vs 149+/-10 ng/ml, ns) in patients with coronary atherosclerosis were not different from those in controls, as assessed by an analysis of covariance. After also adjusting for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking by a multiple logistic function analysis, the association of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and sP-selectin with CHD was still not significant. Levels of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and sP-selectin were also not related to the extent of coronary atherosclerosis as judged by the number of stenosed vessels. However, inverse (p<0.05) relationships were observed between sVCAMs and serum levels of HDL3-cholesterol, apo A-II, and lipoprotein containing apo A-I and A-II, between sICAMs and levels of apo A-II and Lp A-I/A-II (Lp A-I/A-II), and between sP-selectin and lipoprotein containing only apo A-I. In conclusion, serum levels of soluble VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and P-selectin were not related to CHD or the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, but were inversely related to serum levels of high-density lipoprotein-related lipoproteins.
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PMID:Levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with angiographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. 1008 83

Adhesion molecule immunoneutralization is envisioned as a promising therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, but the relative value of selective blockade of different adhesion molecules has not been established. The aims of this study were to measure expression and functional relevance of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) in leukocyte recruitment in experimental colitis and to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of their selective blockade. For this purpose, cell adhesion molecule expression was measured by the dual radiolabeled antibody technique in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and controls. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were determined in colonic venules by fluorescence intravital microscopy. Therapeutic effects of chronic treatment with anti-ICAM-1, anti-VCAM-1, or anti-MAdCAM-1 antibodies were also assessed. Whereas colonic endothelial ICAM-1 was constitutively expressed and had a mild up-regulation in colitic animals, constitutive expression of VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 was low, but markedly increased after induction of colitis. Leukocyte adhesion was abrogated by immunoneutralization of VCAM-1 or MAdCAM-1 but not by treatment with an anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Chronic administration of anti-VCAM-1 antibody, but not anti-ICAM-1 or anti-MAdCAM-1, resulted in significant attenuation of colitis in terms of disease activity index, colon length, ratio of colon weight to length, and myeloperoxidase activity. In conclusion, VCAM-1 plays a central role in leukocyte recruitment in colitis and blockade of this adhesion molecule has higher therapeutic effect than immunoneutralization of ICAM-1 or MAdCAM-1 in this experimental model.
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PMID:VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1 or MAdCAM-1, immunoblockade ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. 1104 71

We have studied adhesion of eosinophils to various forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1, CD106), an integrin counter-receptor implicated in eosinophil recruitment to the airway in asthma. Full-length 7d-VCAM-1, with seven immunoglobulin-like modules, contains integrin-binding sites in modules 1 and 4. The alternatively spliced six-module protein, 6d-VCAM-1, lacks module 4. In static assays, unactivated purified human blood eosinophils adhered similarly to recombinant soluble human 6d-VCAM-1 and 7d-VCAM-1 coated onto polystyrene microtiter wells. Further experiments, however, revealed differences in recognition of modules 1 and 4. Antibody blocking indicated that eosinophil adhesion to 6d-VCAM-1 or a VCAM-1 construct containing only modules 1-3, 1-3VCAM-1, is mediated by alpha4beta1 (CD49d/29), whereas adhesion to a construct containing modules 4-7, 4-7VCAM-1, is mediated by bothalpha4beta1 andalphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18). Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which block adhesion of eosinophils mediated by alphaMbeta2, blocked adhesion to 4-7VCAM-1 but had no effect on adhesion to 6d-VCAM-1. Consistent with the antibody and pharmacological blocking experiments, eosinophilic leukemic cell lines lacking alphaMbeta2 did not adhere to 4-7VCAM-1 but did adhere to 6d-VCAM-1 or 1-3VCAM-1. Activation of eosinophils by interleukin (IL)-5 enhanced static adhesion to 6d-VCAM-1, 7d-VCAM-1, or 4-7VCAM-1; IL-5-enhanced adhesion to all 3 constructs was blocked by anti-alphaMbeta2. Adhesion of unstimulated eosinophils to 7d-VCAM-1 under flow conditions was inhibited by anti-alpha4 or anti-alphaM. IL-5 treatment decreased eosinophil adhesion to 7d-VCAM-1 under flow, and anti-alphaM had the paradoxical effect of increasing adhesion. These results demonstrate that alphaMbeta2 modulatesalpha4beta1-mediated eosinophil adhesion to VCAM-1 under both static and flow conditions.
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PMID:Differential engagement of modules 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) by integrins alpha4beta1 (CD49d/29) and alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/18) of eosinophils. 1694 5

Adhesion molecules expressed by activated endothelial cells play a key role in regulating leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation. Resting endothelial cells normally do not express adhesion molecules, but cytokines activate endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), which mediate leukocyte adherence to endothelial cells. We now show that endothelial cells express microRNA 126 (miR-126), which inhibits VCAM-1 expression. Transfection of endothelial cells with an oligonucleotide that decreases miR-126 permits an increase in TNF-alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression. Conversely, overexpression of the precursor to miR-126 increases miR-126 levels and decreases VCAM-1 expression. Additionally, decreasing endogenous miR-126 levels increases leukocyte adherence to endothelial cells. These data suggest that microRNA can regulate adhesion molecule expression and may provide additional control of vascular inflammation.
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PMID:MicroRNA-126 regulates endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. 1822 15

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation, and there is evidence that they are recruited to the brain across the blood-brain barrier. The molecular mechanisms mediating DC trafficking to the central nervous system are poorly understood. This study used an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier and monocyte-derived DCs to investigate the role of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecules and their ligands in the adhesion of immature and mature DCs to cerebral microvascular ECs. Adhesion of DCs to resting brain ECs was minimal, but activation of ECs with tumor necrosis factor significantly upregulated adhesion. Immature DCs adhered to activated ECs more avidly than mature DCs; this correlated with differences in the expression of adhesion molecule ligands between the mature and immature DCs. Blocking studies indicated that adhesion to cytokine-activated blood-brain barrier endothelium is mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-2, platelet-EC adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, CD18, and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) for immature DCs and ICAM-1, CD18, DC-SIGN, and PECAM-1 for mature DCs. These results suggest that DC adhesion to cerebral ECs depends on the maturation state of DCs and the activation state of the endothelium, and that it is regulated by specific receptor-ligand interactions. This study thus further highlights the active role of human brain microvascular ECs in neuroinflammation.
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PMID:Dendritic cell adhesion to cerebral endothelium: role of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and their ligands. 1922 7


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