Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The super-family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is one of the largest groups of proteins in vertebrate species. The receptors are very diverse in structure and function but they still share some common structural elements. Our recent phylogenetic studies indicate that most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system. The rhodopsin family is the largest and forms four main groups termed alpha, beta, gamma, and delta with 13 sub-branches. We have evidence that the main families of the GRAFS classification system arose prior to the split of nematodes from the lineage leading to chordates. The major part of all GPCRs in mammalian, fish, tunicate, insect, and nematode species belong to the GRAFS families. The evolution of GPCRs in different phylogenetic branches are, however, very variable as some of the branches are specific for certain lineages such as vertebrates or mammals, while others are found in a much larger variety of species. In this review, we provide an insight in several studies that are being performed to elucidate the evolutionary history of the GPCR family.
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PMID:The GRAFS classification system of G-protein coupled receptors in comparative perspective. 1586 53

This review describes current and new therapeutic agonists and antagonists of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) currently used in the clinic. GPCRs are classified under the GRAFS system (Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/taste2 and Secretin), with therapies having been developed for about 30 GPCRs from the glutamate, rhodopsin and secretin families. Most of these therapies target the biogenic amine receptors of the rhodopsin family. Advancing technology has assisted in the identification of an increasing number of GPCRs, as well as contributing to the understanding of function and potential as pharmaceutical targets. With this has come the development of new therapies that target specific GPCRs, including peptide activated GPCRs. Where possible, agonists and antagonists are described individually, focusing on new therapies and their corresponding target receptors. However, the large number of reported biogenic amine therapies precludes, discussion of individual compounds and instead, they are discussed in relation to the receptor pharmacophore. Despite the large number of significant physiological responses known to be mediated by GPCRs, only about 4% of known GPCRs are currently targeted by therapeutics. This provides a great number of promising new targets for pharmaceutical development.
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PMID:GPCR agonists and antagonists in the clinic. 1678 97