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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adhesion to mucosal cells is an important virulence attribute of bacterial pathogens colonizing these sites. Bacteria of the upper respiratory system, such as members of the genus Bordetella, have well-defined adhesins. The main adhesin of B. pertussis is the filamentous hemagglutinin which can be used by other bacteria for attachment. The main adhesin of B. bronchiseptica is the bovine erythrocyte hemagglutinin. In both Bordetella species the presence of fimbriae does not appear critical to adhesion. In contrast, atrophic rhinitis (AR)-producing strains of Pasteurella multocida colonize poorly the pig's nasal mucosa. We performed an in vitro trial using newborn pigs' turbinate explants and showed that two toxigenic strains (serotype D fimbria + and serotype A fimbria -) were adherent when observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intranasal inoculation of both six week old and newborn SPF pigs with various strains of P. multocida also resulted in colonization. Adhesion was best achieved by toxigenic strains, regardless of possession of fimbria, hemagglutinin or capsular serotype. Colonization was more abundant and constant in tonsils. Nasal colonization was sporadic and sparse. Colonization of trachea and lung was only observed with serotype A strains. The results showed that toxigenic P. multocida can colonize the upper respiratory tract, especially the tonsils, of pigs.
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PMID:Bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces with special reference to Pasteurella multocida isolates from atrophic rhinitis. 214 99

Several publications have addressed the problem of atrophic rhinitis and ozaena following turbinate resection for chronic nasal obstruction, but little attention has been given to the problem of intranasal adhesion formation following this procedure. To determine the incidence of postoperative intranasal adhesion formation, a retrospective study of 479 operations on the inferior turbinate and nasal septum, either alone or in combination, was carried out. Adhesion formation complicated 36.2% of turbinate resections, 30.6% of turbinate resections in combination with septal surgery and only 6.8% of all the other procedures. There was also a significantly higher incidence of postoperative haemorrhage following turbinate resection (7.4%) than that following other procedures (1.9%). There was no noted occurrence of atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis sicca or ozaena.
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PMID:Intranasal adhesion formation following surgery for chronic nasal obstruction. 341 5

Perennial rhinitis and asthma are clinical syndromes representing a range of overlapping pathologies; accurate classification should therefore precede any comparison. Although the sinonasal cavities, trachea and bronchi have a common respiratory mucosa, there are also anatomical differences. For example, the nose has a capacitance vessel network and the lower airways possess smooth muscle, both of which are responsive to neurohumoral influences. The prevalence of rhinitis and asthma has increased over the last three decades. Rhinitis occurs in around 75% of allergic asthmatics while 20% of perennial allergic rhinitics develop asthma. Eosinophils, and their associated proteins and cytokines, may play a central role in both perennial rhinitis and asthma with and without atopy. The characteristic pathology of asthma can be summarized as a chronic, desquamating, eosinophilic bronchitis. Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia is recognized, but without consistent evidence of epithelial damage. Eosinophils are also present in rhinosinusitis with polyposis, particularly in patients with aspirin sensitivity, in whom asthma also often occurs. Increased mast cell activation and mediator release is evident in both perennial rhinitis and asthma following allergen challenge. The importance of mast cells in non-atopic asthma and polyposis is also recognized. Adhesion molecules may also be upregulated, with an increased number and activation of TH2 lymphocytes. However, allergen-resultant T-cell activation may be less marked in the nose than in the lung. Autonomic imbalance also plays a role in both conditions via changes in neural tone to effector tissues, release of neuropeptides, and interplay with cellular recruitment. Pharmacological manipulation of rhinitis and asthma also illustrates the pathological similarities and differences.
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PMID:The link between the nose and lung, perennial rhinitis and asthma--is it the same disease? 921 59

CI-959, 5-methoxy-3-(1-methylethoxy)-N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-benzo[b]thio phene-2-carboxamide, an anti-inflammatory agent, was considered for development as a treatment for rhinitis. Two-week topical nasal studies in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs were performed to assess nasal toxicity of CI-959. Rats were given daily doses in the right nostril of 0.05 ml of solutions of varying concentrations (0.5, 2, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 mg/ml; doses of 0.08, 0.3, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 9.6, and 14.6 mg/kg) of CI-959. Beagle dogs were given daily doses in the right nostril of 0.5 ml of 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 mg/ml solutions (doses of 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 2.8, and 3.7 mg/kg) of CI-959. Rats given > or = 60 mg/ml either lost weight or had decreased weight gain. Salivation at dosing was seen in both species. Four sections of nasal cavity were examined from each animal. In rats, 0.5 mg/ml was the "no effect" dose; minimal changes were seen at 2 mg/ ml, and significant changes were dose related in severity at > or = 10 mg/ml in all 4 nasal levels. Degeneration and necrosis of respiratory and olfactory epithelia were minimal to moderate in severity. Adhesions and fibro-osseous proliferation of ethmoturbinates, epithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and exudate were also seen. In dogs, 10 mg/ml was the no effect dose; respiratory epithelium was affected at > or =20 mg/ml. Respiratory epithelial degeneration was minimal to mild, with loss of ciliated and goblet cells and thinning of mucosa. Distribution of degeneration increased with increased concentrations. In both species, in accordance with the suggested action of CI-959, infiltration with neutrophils was not significant. CI-959 was locally toxic to nasal cavity respiratory and olfactory epithelia in rats and respiratory epithelium in dogs.
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PMID:Nasal toxicity of CI-959, a novel anti-inflammatory drug, in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs. 986 87

In an aqueous environment, ions are released from a bioactive glass (BAG) and the pH rises in its vicinity. This may influence both growth and colonization of microorganisms. We studied the effects of the BAG S53P4 on the atrophic rhinitis-associated microorganism Klebsiella ozaenae. The glass was used in the form of granules or discs. Growth inhibition was studied using an agar plate test. Adhesion was studied by incubating bacterial suspension with the glass. The effect of the presence of the bacteria on the formation of the Si-rich layer on the bioactive glass was also analyzed. Furthermore, a follow up study of 19-74 months with ozena patients surgically treated with the BAG S53P4 was performed. The bioactive glass showed no clear growth inhibition of K. ozaenae in the agar plate test. K. ozaenae showed low adherence to the BAG S53P4. No growth of the microbe was seen on the glass during the 8 h incubations and the Si-rich layer was formed normally. The clinical follow-up study showed no infections of the implants and the symptoms of the patients were markedly reduced. Thus, the BAG S53P4 did not favor adhesion and colonization of K. ozaenae, in vitro, which is supported by the in vivo findings showing no BAG-associated infections or reinfections.
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PMID:Interactions between the bioactive glass S53P4 and the atrophic rhinitis-associated microorganism klebsiella ozaenae. 1055 53

In vitro experiments were undertaken to study the adhesion and colonization to tracheal mucosa, lung and aorta explants from freshly killed rabbits of two different strains of Pasteurella multocida. Serotype A:3 (capsulated, fimbriae +, haemagglutination -, dermonecrotic toxin -) isolated from a rabbit with rhinitis, and serotype D:1 (non-capsulated, fimbriae +, haemagglutination +, dermonecrotic toxin +) isolated from a dead rabbit with septicaemia, were used. When the explants were observed under the scanning electron microscope, the type D strain was highly adherent to trachea and aorta explants compared to the type A strain. Adhesion to lung explants was best achieved by the type A strain after 45 min incubation, but after 2 h incubation no significant difference was observed between the strains. Our data indicate that the presence of fimbriae and the absence of capsule seem to enhance the adherence of P. multocida type D strain to tracheal tissue. The capsular material of P. multocida type A strain and the toxin of the type D strain seem to influence the adherence to lung tissue in rabbit. Adhesion of strain D to aorta may indicate the expression of receptors on the endothelium to that strain and may also explain the ability of certain strains to cause septicaemia.
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PMID:In vitro study of Pasteurella multocida adhesion to trachea, lung and aorta of rabbits. 1077 64