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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adhesion is the first step leading to colonization and infection of a foreign body (FBI). To assess the ability of a subinhibitory concentration (subMIC) of pefloxacin (P) to prevent such infection, an experimental model was developed in Swiss albino mice. Subcuts of polyurethane catheters (Vygon) were placed in the peritoneal cavity of animals and 24 hours later, different inocula of an adherent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (MIC of P:0.8 mg/l) were injected i.p. Unexposed SA served as controls. Two days later the removed catheters, blood and spleen specimens were quantitatively cultured for bacterial content and identity. Infection was defined as more than 10 CFU/ml of SA recovered. Significant protection of mice, with lower dissemination, was found with inoculum sizes of 10(5) and 10(6). These results suggest that subMICs of P may confer protection against foreign body infection.
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PMID:Efficacy of subinhibitory concentration of pefloxacin in preventing experimental Staphylococcus aureus foreign body infection in mice. 130 53

Glycosylation mutants of chinese hamster ovary cells were used to analyse the role played by surface-exposed carbohydrates on the process of interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with the host cell. Adhesion and invasion of the parasites were markedly reduced in cells which express very few sialic acid residues. Infection levels similar to those obtained with the parental cell could be obtained after sialylation of the mutant cell using exogenous fetuin as sialic acid donor and T. cruzi trans-sialidase. The results obtained show that host cell sialic acid residues are involved in the process of attachment to and penetration of T. cruzi into the host cell.
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PMID:Interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with cells with altered glycosylation patterns. 851 70

Measles virus (MV) RNA is present in endothelial cells (Ec) in brain tissue from cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and relatively high titres of infectious virus are produced in human cerebral Ec in vitro. Infection of Ec at the blood-brain barrier could therefore provide the opportunity for entry of virus to the CNS. Adhesion of syngeneic splenocytes to MV infected murine (Balb/c) cerebral Ec is found to be upregulated. Increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, following virus infection at the blood-brain-barrier, may be an important mechanism in inducing inflammatory infiltration of the CNS in SSPE.
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PMID:Measles virus infection of cerebral endothelial cells and effect on their adhesive properties. 858 7

We have previously demonstrated that HIV-infected transformed T-cells or monocytes adhere to monolayers of CD4-negative epithelial cells. Adhesion is soon followed by budding of HIV from infected mononuclear cells onto the surface of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells subsequently take up virus and become productively infected. Based on these findings, we proposed that sexual transmission of HIV may involve cell-mediated infection of intact mucosal epithelia of the urogenital tract. However, it has become increasingly clear that primary cells and HIV strains isolated from patients are more appropriate models for HIV infection than established cell lines and lab strains of virus. In the studies described here, we infected cervix-derived epithelial monolayers with primary monocytes infected with patient isolates of non-syncytial inducing (NSI) macrophage-tropic strains of HIV. Under the culture conditions employed, HIV-infected primary monocytes do not remain adherent to the apical surface of the epithelium, as did HIV-infected transformed cells. Instead, following adherence, the primary cells migrate between epithelial cells. Virus is secreted from a pseudopod as HIV-infected primary monocytes pass between cells of the epithelium. Productive infection of the epithelium was detected by p24 ELISA and PCR Southern blot analysis. Infection can be blocked by sera from HIV-seropositive individuals or by certain sulfated polysaccharides. These findings support the supposition that transmission of HIV may occur via cell-mediated infection of intact epithelia. The observations also hint at the possibility that-HIV-infected monocyte/macrophages in semen or cervical-vaginal secretions could cross intact epithelia by passing between epithelial cells. Blocking studies suggest that it may be possible to inhibit sexual transmission of HIV either by antibodies in genital tract secretions or by a topical formulation containing certain sulfated polysaccharides.
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PMID:Cell-mediated infection of cervix derived epithelial cells with primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus. 877 80

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte-infected erythrocytes are characterized by their ability to sequester in the microvasculature of various organs, primarily the spleen and bone marrow. This phenomenon is thought to play a critical role in the development and survival of the sexual stages. Little is known, however, about ligands on the gametocyte-infected erythrocyte. Infection of erythrocytes with mature asexual stages of P. falciparum (trophozoites and schizonts) has been shown to induce modification of the erythrocyte anion transporter, band 3, and this has been linked to the acquisition of an adherent phenotype. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that immature gametocyte-infected erythrocytes also express modified band 3. In vitro binding assays demonstrate that gametocyte-infected erythrocytes of the 3D7 strain utilize this surface receptor for adhesion to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells via the host cell receptor CD36 (platelet glycoprotein IIIb). Adhesion of gametocyte-infected erythrocytes to CD36-transfected CHO cells is also dependent on modified band 3. However, modified band 3 does not mediate adhesion of gametocyte-infected erythrocytes to intercellular adhesion molecule 1, a second host receptor for gametocytes expressed on C32 cells.
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PMID:Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte adhesion to C32 cells via CD36 is inhibited by antibodies to modified band 3. 892 98

Adhesion molecules are known to contribute to infectivity of HIV-1. Here we tested whether the complement receptor type 3 (CR3, CD11b), an alpha(m)beta2 integrin, plays an accessory role in the infection process of HIV-1, because ICAM-1, a ligand of CR3, is present on the envelope of HIV-1. In addition, the viral transmembrane protein gp41 shares four regions of homology with the complement component C3, a further CR3 ligand. Infection of PBMCs with HIV-IIIB and primary isolates was partially inhibited by anti-CR3 antibodies. A peptide derived from the complement component C3, covering the CR3-binding site of C3 and sharing strong similarity to the immunosuppressive region of gp41, significantly reduced the HIV-1 titer in infection assays. Recombinant soluble gp41 (rsgp41) and the peptide covering the immunosuppressive domain of gp41 inhibited the rosetting of iC3b-coated sheep erythrocytes with U937 via complement receptors (CRs) with an efficiency comparable to monoclonal anti-CR antibodies. In addition, sub-populations of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells isolated from HIV-infected individuals were found to upregulate CR3 as determined by FACS analysis and on the mRNA level. Since gp41 has been implicated in viral fusion, an interaction of its C3-homology region in gp41 or an interaction of ICAM on the surface of free virus with CRs might contribute to facilitate viral entry.
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PMID:Inhibition of HIV-1 infection in vitro by monoclonal antibodies to the complement receptor type 3 (CR3): an accessory role for CR3 during virus entry? 946 21

Infection of implanted cardiovascular biomaterials still occurs despite inherent host defense mechanisms. Using a rotating disk system, we investigated Staphylococcus epidermidis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to a polyetherurethane urea (PEUU-A') under shear stress (0-17.5 dynes/cm2) for time periods up to 6 h. In addition, the superoxide (SO) release capacity of PMNs after transient exposure to PEUU-A' under shear stress was determined. Bacterial adhesion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) showed a linear shear dependence, decreasing with increasing shear stress. Overall adhesion in PBS decreased with time. However, bacterial adhesion in 25% human serum was similar for all time points up to 360 min. Adhesion was observed at all shear levels, displaying no shear dependence. In contrast, PMN adhesion demonstrated a strong shear dependence similarly for times up to 240 min, decreasing sharply with increasing shear stress. Although PMNs preexposed to shear stress showed a slightly diminished SO release response compared to fresh cells for all stimuli, it was not statistically significant regardless of the stimulus. We conclude that circulating leukocytes are unable to adhere in regions of high shear which may contain adherent bacteria. In addition, exposure to PEUU-A' and shear stress (in the range 0-18 dynes/cm2) is insufficient to cause a depression in the oxidative response of PMNs.
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PMID:Shear stress effects on bacterial adhesion, leukocyte adhesion, and leukocyte oxidative capacity on a polyetherurethane. 1039 12

Dynamic adhesion of cells to surfaces is a vital step in a variety of biochemical and physiological phenomena. Bacterial adhesion is responsible not only for problems associated with biofouling and biofilm formation in the biochemical industry but also in the initiation of certain infectious diseases. In this study, we report the effect of critical parameters, such as receptor and ligand densities and shear rate, on receptor-mediated dynamic bacterial adhesion. Adhesion of a pathogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus to immobilized collagen was studied. The receptor density on the cell surface was varied by harvesting cells at different growth times and was quantified using flow cytometry. Dynamic adhesion experiments were conducted over a range of physiologically relevant shear rates (50 to 1500 s(-1)) using a parallel-plate flow chamber. Video microscopy coupled with digital image processing was employed to quantify adhesion. A semiquantitative comparison between experimental results and theoretical data obtained using a previously proposed mathematical model was also performed. The results suggest that dynamic adhesion is dependent on receptor density and shear rate, but independent of ligand density. This report demonstrates the feasibility of using bacteria to study fundamental aspects of receptor-mediated dynamic adhesion.
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PMID:Novel experimental study of receptor-mediated bacterial adhesion under the influence of fluid shear. 1079 87

The development of a protective vaccine against the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may prevent complications associated with insidious infection. Vaccination via the vaginal route may not be practical, and other routes should be investigated. To this end, the adhesion molecules induced on the fallopian tube endothelium during infection with C. trachomatis were characterized. Adhesion molecules were identified in fallopian tube biopsy specimens cultured with 5 x 10(6) infection-forming units of C. trachomatis serovar E. Frozen sections were prepared from these tissues and were stained by immunohistochemical techniques. Infection with live, but not UV-inactivated, C. trachomatis induced a significant increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 but not of other adhesion molecules. Therefore, infection with C. trachomatis induces adhesion molecules that are associated with other mucosal tissues and inflammatory sites, which suggests that mucosal routes of immunization may be effective.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis infection induces mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, providing an immunologic link between the fallopian tube and other mucosal tissues. 1155 Jan 28

To prepare for shortage of blood components and to avoid side effects such as blood borne infectious disease, blood substitutes such as artificial red cell (artificial oxygen carrier) and artificial platelet are being developed. As for oxygen carriers, there are several candidates such as perfluorochemicals, modified hemoglobins and liposome encapsulated hemoglobins and albuimin heme. Perfluorochemicals have limited oxygen carrying capacity and oxygen inhalation is mandatory when they are used. Modified hemoglobins such as intermolecular or intramolecular cross linked hemoglobins have side effect to cause hypertension by scavenging nitro oxide (NO) which is produced by endothelial cells, because the size of these hemoglobins are small enough to go to the adjacent place near endothelial surface. Hemoglobin vesicles (HbV) in which hemoglobins are encapsulated in liposome is most possible candidate for oxygen carrier. Usefulness and safety of the HbV is evidenced by animal shock model or exchange transfusion model and they are now being prepared for clinical trials as red blood substitutes or oxygen therapeutics. Albumin heme in which recombinant human serum albumin incorporating synthetic heme is thought an ideal resuscitation fluid as this material has colloid oncotic pressure. Short time storage and viral infection are serious concern in platelet transfusion therapy for bleeding thrombocytopenic patients. Adhesion of the platelet to the collagen surface and aggregation at the bleeding sites to plug holes in blood vessels, and to facilitate the function of the remaining platelets is a starting point in developing platelet substitutes and several platelet substitutes have been proposed on this theory.
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PMID:[Artificial blood]. 1569 96


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