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Query: UMLS:C0001511 (Adhesion)
 5,955 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The following findings were obtained from histomorphological examination of 45 piglets with coli-bacillosis (with serotypical Escherichia coli detected) and ten piglets with coli-diarrhoea (with non-serotypical E. coli detected): Diarrhoea accompanying either disease was not attributable to catarrhal or haemorrhagic gastro-enteritis. The mucous membrane of the gastro-insestinal tract remained histomorphologically intact in either disease. No change was recorded particularly from villous or surface epithelia and glandular epithelium, and the villous structure was not basically altered. Different degrees of hyper aemia of the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane and moderate oedematisation of the villous stroma were irregular findings. Adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli to mucous membrane surface was observed but rarely and did not exhibit any visible relationship with the incidence in E. coli of L-antigen K88. In coli-bacillosis and coli-diarrhoea both the diarrhoea and morphological situation of the gastro-bacillosis tract were in conformity with the cholera-type "intestinal noninflammatory secretory diarrhoea" as caused by enterotoxins. Other issues relating to pathology and diagnosis are also discussed.
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PMID:[Pathology and pathogenesis of coli dysentery and coli diarrhea in suckling piglets. 1. Studies on the pathomorphology of the gastrointestinal tract in coli dysentery as well as coli diarrhea in the suckling piglet]. 79 39

Adhesion of vibrios to the small intestine may occur (i) by association of the bacteria with secreted mucus gel or (ii) by adherence of the bacteria to the surface of epithelial cells. In the present study, vibrios readily adhered to isolated brush border membranes obtained from rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. Adhesion was temperature dependent and required the presence of divalent cations such as calcium. The agglutination of human O erythrocytes by Vibrio cholerae was observed also, and the hemagglutination test appeared to detect the same mechanism that was involved in the adhesion of vibrios to brush borders. When the bacteria were grown in broth they were adhesive and hemagglutinating, but vibrios grown on agar plates or suspended in buffer for 15 min at 37 C lacked these abilities, even though they retained undiminished motility. These two model systems differed, however, in that strontium promoted only adhesion to brush borders. The significance of this difference remains to be determined. Vibrios were observed to penetrate intestinal mucus gel and occasionally to become entrapped in it. However, there was no evidence that vibrios attached to mucus gel.
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PMID:Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae: adhesion to isolated rabbit brush border membranes and hemagglutinating activity. 98 4

Adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium is an essential event in inflammatory cell emigration from intravascular to extravascular compartment. While many mediators (e.g. cytokines) enhance cell adhesion through expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells the mechanism of this phenomenon is not known. In this study we examined the role of cAMP in mediation of the adhesion of monocytic cell line, U937 to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Incubation of HUVEC with cholera toxin (10-500 ng/ml) for 4 hrs greatly enhanced the adhesiveness of HUVEC for U937 cells. The magnitude of adhesion stimulation produced by cholera toxin was comparable to that produced by the cytokines TNF alpha or IL-1 (2-3 folds). Upregulation of U937 cells adhesion to HUVEC was also achieved by short incubation (less than 1 hr) of HUVEC with cAMP elevating agents such as forskolin (10 microM), isoproterenol (0.3-30 microM), epinephrine (10-100 microM), norepinephrine (100 microM) as well as by endogenously added dibutyryl cAMP (0.05-2.0 mM). Dibutyryl cyclic GMP (0.05-2.0 mM) was ineffective in promoting adhesion. These data suggest that cAMP might be an important intracellular modulator of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium and therefore promoter of pro-inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Modulation of U937 cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells by cyclic AMP. 167 41

Isolated rabbit brush borders were used to investigate the adhesive properties of clinical and environmental isolates of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila. A minority of the isolates were found to adhere to brush borders. The adhesion of these isolates was affected by a number of factors, including the bacteria:brush border ratio, incubation time, culture medium and growth temperature. Adhesion was inhibited by L-fucose but was independent on calcium ion concentration.
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PMID:Adhesion of vibrios and aeromonads to isolated rabbit brush borders. 733 29

We have investigated the role of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins in adhesion and migration of T lymphocytes to extracellular matrix proteins. Fibronectin, collagen type IV, and laminin promoted haptotactic and chemotactic migration of lymphoid T cell lines and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-stimulated blood lymphocytes, as determined using a modified Boyden chamber system. Adhesion studies of the T cell lines indicated involvement of both alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins in the binding to fibronectin. In contrast, migration assays demonstrated that haptotactic and chemotactic migration to fibronectin in most cases was mediated by only one of the beta 1 integrins. FACS analysis demonstrated comparable amounts of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 on the various cell lines, indicating that utilization of the integrins for migration is not determined by their expression on the cells. Haptotactic migration toward a 120-kDa fibronectin fragment containing the RGD sequence, confirmed the selectivity of the different beta 1 integrins in directing migration. Thus, T cells using alpha 5 beta 1 for haptotaxis against fibronectin were migrating against the 120 kDa fragment whereas T cells using alpha 4 beta 1 were not. These results indicate that the response of T cells to haptotactic and chemotactic signals usually is mediated selectively via alpha 4 beta 1 or alpha 5 beta 1 although binding of fibronectin to the cells is not restricted to only one of the integrins. Cholera toxin and 8-Br-cAMP but not pertussis toxin inhibited migration of T cell lines to fibronectin. Adhesion of these cells to fibronectin was not influenced by any of the toxins. Thus, both in their integrin utilization and in their signaling pathways, adhesion and migration show substantial differences in T cells.
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PMID:Functional specialization of fibronectin-binding beta 1-integrins in T lymphocyte migration. 802 66

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) or its amino-terminal fragment (ATF) containing the u-PA receptor (u-PAR) binding domain, is known to promote monocyte adhesion. In the present study, U937 monocyte adhesion to a plastic surface was used to investigate the mechanism of its promotion by u-PA and ATF. Adhesion was found to be inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, implicating protein synthesis and gene expression in u-PA-induced monocyte adhesion. Adhesion was prevented by 2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate, indicating that a cAMP-dependent pathway of signal transduction was involved. This concept was supported by the complementary finding that u-PA-induced adhesion was greatly promoted by forskolin, cholera toxin, or 8-bromo-cAMP, which by themselves induced little adhesion. Furthermore, similar to many other cAMP-dependent activities, cGMP diminished u-PA-induced adhesion. When u-PA or ATF was treated with immobilized carboxypeptidase B, its proadhesive effect was abolished, implicating the involvement of carboxyl-terminal lysine residues (Lys158 on u-PA and Lys135 on ATF). Moreover, when a carboxyl-terminal lysine analog was added, the proadhesive effect of carboxypeptidase B-treated u-PA or ATF was restored. In conclusion, the present study indicates that u-PA- or ATF-induced monocyte adhesion involves cAMP-dependent signal transduction, which is triggered by u-PAR binding. It is also critically dependent on the presence of a carboxyl-terminal lysine.
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PMID:Urokinase-type plasminogen activator-induced monocyte adhesion requires a carboxyl-terminal lysine and cAMP-dependent signal transduction. 853 Apr 48

We report here that the homeoproteins Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2 are present in specific non-nuclear subcellular compartments. Using electron microscopy, we observed that chick-Engrailed-2 expressed in COS-7 cells associates with membrane fractions that are characterized as caveolae. This characterization is based on morphological, biochemical and immunological criteria such as, in particular, the absence of clathrin coat and the presence of caveolin and cholera toxin-binding sites. These data are fully confirmed by subcellular fractionation experiments, which demonstrate that transfected chick-Engrailed-2 is present in low density membrane fractions that are resistant to Triton X-100, enriched in caveolin and solubilized by the addition of a cholesterol-binding detergent, a set of properties highly characteristic of caveolae. The association of Engrailed-2 with specific membrane fractions observed after transfection in COS-7 cells is also observed for endogenous Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2 expressed at late embryonic stages in the cerebellum and posterior mesencephalon of the rodent. Indeed, the two proteins are present in membrane fractions that bear all the characteristics of microdomains or caveolae-like domains, i.e. Triton X-100 resistance, saponin solubilization, low density on sucrose gradients, enrichment in glycosphingolipid GM1, absence of transmembrane Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule, presence of the glypiated (GPI-anchored) glycoprotein F3/F11 and of the acylated growth-associated protein GAP-43. Finally we demonstrate that part of the membrane-associated Engrailed, either expressed in COS-7 cells or endogenously present in neural tissues, is not accessible to proteolytic enzymes unless the membranes have been permeabilized with detergent. This study suggests that, in addition to their well-known presence in the nucleus, Engrailed proteins are also associated with caveolae-like vesicles that are primarily transported anterogradely into the axon, and that they can get access to a compartment compatible with secretion.
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PMID:Association of Engrailed homeoproteins with vesicles presenting caveolae-like properties. 916 34

Adhesion and subsequent colonisation are important events in the infection by Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. To determine in details the pathological changes in the gut mucosa, an epidemic strain of O139 Bengal was inoculated in a rabbit ileal loop model. Electron microscopic studies were done at different time intervals after inoculation of the strain to see the histological changes at the ultrastructural level. From 10 hours onwards, cellular invasive processes with presence of bacteria in the lamina propria and other associated inflammatory changes were revealed.
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PMID:Sequential changes in gut mucosa of rabbits infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: an ultrastructural study. 936 Mar 42

Lutheran (Lu) and Lu(v13), two glycoprotein (gp) isoforms belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, represent adhesion molecules that act as erythrocyte receptors for laminin 10/11. These two gps, which differ only by the length of their cytoplasmic tail, carry both Lu blood group and Basal Cell Adhesion Molecule (B-CAM) antigens. Here, analysis of the Triton extractability of recombinant Lu and Lu(v13) gps in K562 transfected cells showed that both gps were mainly associated with the detergent-insoluble material. Patching experiments using Cholera Toxin subunit B indicated that Lu gps were not localized in lipid rafts. Glutathione-S-transferase capture assays showed that the cytoplasmic domain of Lu and Lu(v13) bound to erythroid spectrin, present in a low ionic strength extract from red cell ghosts. Direct interaction with spectrin was confirmed by plasmon resonance assays. Site-directed mutagenesis mapped a major interaction site with spectrin to the RK573-574 motif, located on the cytoplasmic tail of Lu gp, in close vicinity to the inner leaflet of the membrane lipid bilayer. The two Lu adhesion gps represent the first example of a direct link between transmembrane proteins and spectrin in red blood cells. Since Lu gps are low abundant proteins, we speculate that their interaction with spectrin might be critical for signalling and receptor function rather than for participating in the linkage of the lipid bilayer to the red cell skeleton.
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PMID:Direct interaction between the Lu/B-CAM adhesion glycoproteins and erythroid spectrin. 1523 48

Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by specific serogroups of Vibrio cholerae that are pathogenic to humans. Cholera can become epidemic and deadly without adequate medical care. Appropriate rehydration therapy can reduce the mortality rate from as much as 50% of the affected individuals to <1%. Thus, oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an important measure in the treatment of this disease. To further reduce the symptoms associated with cholera, improvements in oral rehydration solution (ORS) by starch incorporation were suggested. Here, we report that V. cholerae adheres to starch granules incorporated in ORS. Adhesion of 98% of the cells was observed within 2 min when cornstarch granules were used. Other starches showed varied adhesion rates, indicating that starch source and composition play an important role in the interaction of V. cholerae and starch granules. Sugars metabolized by V. cholerae showed a repressive effect on the adhesion process. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Comparing V. cholerae adhesion with the adhesion of other pathogens suggests the involvement of starch degradation capabilities. This adhesion to granular starch can be used to improve ORT.
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PMID:Adhesion of Vibrio cholerae to granular starches. 1608 83


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