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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The studies described indicate a potential for water-borne transmission of viral diseases and the problems involved in virus inactivation by means of water chlorination. In contrast to the amount of free chlorine, the value of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was found to be a criterion of virus inactivation. For virus inactivation, higher ORP values and longer periods of contact than for the killing of bacteria, respectively, were found to be necessary. To ensure the inactivation of poliovirus in water contaminated with organic substances, an ORP of + 780 mV (0.3-0.6 mg/l free chlorine) should be maintained for 15-30 min. Adenovirus has shown an almost identical resistance to inactivation. Possibilities for utilizing the mechanism of virus inactivation by the action of chemical disinfectants are discussed.
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PMID:[Studies on virus inactivation by chlorine during water disinfection (author's transl)]. 18 51

During the summer of 1977, an outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) occurred at a private recreational facility in Georgia. A total of 72 cases of PCF was identified. Adenovirus type 4 (AV-4) was recovered from conjunctival or pharyngeal swab specimens from 20 of 26 persons in the group of cases tested. AV-4 was also recovered, for the first time reported in the literature, from two concentrated samples of water obtained from the swimming pool at the facility on different dates. All persons affected had had direct or indirect contact with the pool. A linear relation between the amount of time spent in the water and the attack rate was demonstrated (r = 0.929, P less than 0.01). Investigation showed that inadequate amounts of chlorine had been added to the pool water. Frequently, levels of free chlorine were below the recommended level of 0.4 mg/liter. Breakpoint chlorination and closing of the pool for the summer stopped the spread of PCF.
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PMID:Pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 4: report of a swimming pool-related outbreak with recovery of virus from pool water. 22 52

Adenovirus type 5 'cores' prepared by heating in the presence of deoxycholate and partially purified on a glycerol density gradient could be visualized as roughly isometrical particles with a condensed centre from which twisted filaments or loops of DNA emanated. This compact structure was readily dispersed by spreading on distilled water or by treatment with EDTA, Nonidet, DNase or trypsin. Spreading with Nonidet was particularly effective in unfolding the cores and revealing long filaments about 100 A thick presumably of the virus nucleoprotein. Subunits (about 30 to 60 A in diam.) could be seen free in the DNase-treated cores, suggesting a particulate nature of one or both of the core proteins.
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PMID:Electron microscopy of adenovirus cores. 80 87

Chickens were experimentally infected with a duck adenovirus that has been shown to be serologically indistinguishable from Adenovirus 127. Sera and eggs were collected at intervals after exposure for antibody determination by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the immunodiffusion (ID) test. Egg yolks were processed for use in the serological tests by (a) dilution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (b) extraction of the water-soluble fraction with chloroform, or (c) freezing and thawing PBS-diluted yolks and testing the supernatant fluid. HI antibody titers from serum and extracted yolk were similar except during the initial 2 weeks, when yolk antibody levels were low or absent. Chloroform-extracted yolks were suitable material for the HI, ELISA, and ID tests. Heat inactivation of the chloroform-extracted yolk had no effect on titers.
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PMID:Use of egg yolk to determine antibody levels in chickens inoculated with a hemagglutinating duck adenovirus (adenovirus 127-like). 299 38

Adenovirus (Type 2)-infected HeLa cells were sonicated and treated with 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane. The water-soluble extract was ultracentrifuged and the supernatant, containing the dissociated proteins, was subjected to anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography on a Mono Q column in 50 mM bis-Tris-HCl (pH 6.5). Elution with a linear salt gradient resulted in a major peak, containing the hexon protein.
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PMID:Purification of adenovirus hexon protein by high-performance liquid chromatography. 365 25

The water proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation time if measured in HEp-2 cells in relation to the infection by different viruses (Poliovirus type 1, Coxsackievirus B-3, human Adenovirus, Measles virus, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Herpes simplex virus, subtype 1, and Vaccinia virus). The NMR properties of intracellular water allow the early detection and identification of viruses. A close relationship is shown between the NMR behavior and the mode of virus-cell interaction.
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PMID:Virus-cell interactions: nuclear magnetic resonance behaviour of intracellular water. 712 Dec 98

Adenovirus H5 (Ad5) DNA-protein complexes were extracted with ammonium sulphate (0.2 M) from virus-infected HeLa cell nuclei at 18 h after infection. Analysis of the material by centrifugation through discontinuous sucrose gradients in heavy water revealed the existence of several populations of molecules which were identified, in order of increasing buoyant density, as mature DNA-protein complexes, replication complexes, assembly intermediates and virions. When observed under the electron microscope, some of the assembly intermediates showed a capsid with a tail of entirely double-stranded (ds) DNA, or of dsDNA continued by a portion of single-stranded (ss) DNA thickened by a coat of E-72 K DNA binding protein. Singly or doubly-forked Ad5 replicating DNA molecules partially packaged in virus capsids were also observed. It is suggested that these molecules could be assembly intermediates, i.e. one of the first steps of assembly corresponding to virus DNA entering pre-formed capsids or their precursors. The fact that replication was still going on at one end of many of the DNA molecules in the intermediates, while encapsidation was taking place at the other, raises the possibility of a coupled DNA replication-packaging process in the formation of adenovirions.
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PMID:Characterization of a new adenovirus type 5 assembly intermediate. 744 Dec 13

Adenovirus binds to its receptor via the head domain of its fiber protein. We have crystallized the adenovirus serotype 2 (subgroup C) receptor binding domain and solved the structure at 1.5 A resolution by the molecular replacement technique using the known adenovirus type 5 head structure. Included in the high-resolution model are 306 water molecules, five alternative side chain conformations, and individual anisotropic temperature factors for each atom. The overall structure of the serotype 2 head is very similar to its serotype 5 homologue, apart from differences in some of the flexible loops. All but subgroup B adenoviruses are believed to use the recently identified protein CAR (Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) as receptor. By comparison of the two structures and sequence alignment of CAR binding and non-CAR binding serotype fiber heads, we discuss possible receptor binding sites and propose a receptor binding site in a crevice between two monomers on the side of the trimer. The structural basis of the extraordinary stability of the fiber head trimer is also discussed.
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PMID:Structure of the human adenovirus serotype 2 fiber head domain at 1.5 A resolution. 1050 12

High rates of absenteeism in a North Queensland primary school, due to eye irritation, fever, headache, and stomach pain, were reported to the Tropical Public Health Unit in October 2000. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that the symptoms were due to adenovirus infection. Symptoms were consistent with a diagnosis of pharyngoconjunctival fever. At the height of the outbreak, about 40 per cent of students were absent. There was a strong association between the development of symptoms, and having been swimming on a recent school camp. Adenovirus could not be isolated from swimming pool water from the resort where the camp had been held. However, when inspected the swimming pool was not adequately chlorinated or maintained. It is probable that adenovirus infection was transmitted via swimming pool water at the school camp, and the outbreak might have been avoided by higher standards of swimming pool maintenance.
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PMID:A primary school outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by adenovirus type 3. 1128 Jan 97

Mammalian cell-expressed therapeutic proteins are particularly vulnerable to contamination by endogenous retrovirus-like particles (RVLPs). The Viresolve NFR filter was designed to meet the critical requirement of manufacturing a safe and virus-free therapeutic by retaining RVLPs by a minimum of six log reduction value (LRV). The NFR designation refers to retrovirus removal in a normal flow format. To qualify the product, we tested two model viruses: the 78 nm diameter phi6 bacteriophage and the 80-110 nm diameter Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (X-MuLV). Robust retention was demonstrated over a wide range of process parameters. Viresolve NFR filters also retain other model adventitious viruses including 70-85 nm diameter Reovirus 3 (Reo3), 70-90 nm diameter Adenovirus 2 (Ad2), and 53 nm diameter PR772 by >6 LRV. In addition to these model viruses, the filter retains >7 LRV of both the mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii and the bacterium Brevundimonas diminuta. Protein passage is shown to be consistently high (95-100%) for a variety of therapeutic protein products, including monoclonal antibodies. Characterization of the filter in specific applications is made simple by availability of ultralow surface area (5 cm(2)) disks, which are shown to scale linearly to the manufacturing scale pleated-filters. Viresolve NFR filters provide consistent water permeability performance (34-37 LMH/psi) and show very little plugging for all feedstocks evaluated. The Viresolve NFR filter incorporates Retropore, a unique asymmetric polyethersulfone membrane, the surface of which has been modified to minimize protein binding.
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PMID:Performance of a novel Viresolve NFR virus filter. 1215 13


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