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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis of adenovirus conjunctivitis using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was investigated and compared with virus isolation in cell culture. Of 53 eye swabs previously shown to be adenovirus-positive, EIA was positive with 33 and isolation in PLC/PRF/5 cells was successful with 49. Isolates were typed by serum neutralisation. Adenovirus types 3 and 4 were most common, with 14 and 12 isolates respectively. Nine isolates were found to be type 8 and eight were classified as untyped following unsuccessful neutralisation by antisera to types 1-8 and 14. The potential of EIA, and possible modifications to increase sensitivity, are discussed.
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PMID:Diagnosis of adenovirus conjunctivitis by enzyme immunoassay. 891 42

It has been suggested that insulin secretion from pancreatic islets may be mediated in part by activation of phospholipases C (PLCs) and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relatively modest fuel-stimulated insulin secretion responses of rodent beta-cell lines might be explained by inadequate expression or activation of PLC isoforms. We have found that two insulinoma cell lines, INS-1 and betaG 40/110, completely lack PLC-delta1 expression but have levels of expression of PLC-beta1, -beta2, -beta3, -delta2, and -gamma1 that are similar to or slightly reduced from those found in fresh rat islets. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of PLC-delta1, -beta1, or -beta3 in INS-1 or betaG 40/110 cells results in little or no enhancement in inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation and no improvement in insulin secretion when the cells are stimulated with glucose or carbachol, despite the fact that the overexpressed proteins are fully active in cell extracts. Overexpression of PLC-beta1 or -beta3 in normal rat islets elicits a larger increase in IP accumulation but, again, has no effect on insulin secretion. Because the effect of carbachol on insulin secretion is thought to be mediated through muscarinic receptors that link to the Gq/11 class of heterotrimeric G proteins, we also overexpressed G11alpha in INS-1 cells, either alone or in concert with overexpression of PLC-beta1 or -beta3. Overexpression of G11alpha enhances IP accumulation, an effect slightly potentiated by co-overexpression of PLC-beta1 or -beta3, but these maneuvers do not affect glucose or carbachol-stimulated insulin secretion. In sum, our studies show a lack of correlation between IP accumulation and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells, betaG 40/110 cells, or cultured rat islets. We conclude that overexpression of PLC isoforms and/or G11alpha is not an effective means of enhancing fuel responsiveness in the insulinoma cell lines studied.
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PMID:Overexpression of G11alpha and isoforms of phospholipase C in islet beta-cells reveals a lack of correlation between inositol phosphate accumulation and insulin secretion. 1033 8

Adenovirus infections are a frequent and serious complication following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The antiviral drugs cidofovir and ribavirin have been used as first-line therapy for disseminated infections with variable results. In the present study, in vitro susceptibility to these two drugs was evaluated on HEp-2 cells in adenovirus reference strains representing serotypes of each of the six species and in clinical isolates. Susceptibility to cidofovir was comparable between species with inhibition of replication of all tested serotypes in a narrow dose range (IC50=17-81 microM). However, susceptibility to ribavirin was highly dependent on the species. Serotypes from species A, B, D, E and F were all resistant to ribavirin (IC50=396 to >500 microM). Only replication of serotypes from species C was inhibited by ribavirin (IC50=48-108 microM). This species-dependent susceptibility of adenovirus to ribavirin was confirmed in clinical isolates. When tested on other cell lines (PLC, A549 and 293), all species were revealed to be resistant to ribavirin. If our in vitro findings are predictive of virological responses in vivo, these results suggest that ribavirin would not be effective for management of non-C species adenovirus infections after HSCT.
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PMID:In vitro susceptibility of adenovirus to antiviral drugs is species-dependent. 1586 16

The contribution of combined sewer overflows (CSO) to the viral contamination of receiving waters was determined. Adenovirus concentrations were determined using the Primary Liver Carcinoma (PLC/PRF/5) cell line and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Norovirus concentration was determined using the Most Probable Number (MPN) and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Seventy-five water samples were collected during dry weather and 50 samples were collected during wet weather. CSO events significantly increased the concentration of culturable viruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses in the receiving waters (P < 0.01). During dry weather, 56% of samples were positive for total virus cytopathic effects (CPE), adenoviruses were detected in 41% of the positive cell cultures, and noroviruses in 6% of the concentrates by direct RT-PCR. During wet weather, 100% of the samples were positive by CPE, 84% for adenoviruses, and 40% in the concentrates for norovirus. Our results demonstrate that CSOs can contribute significant viral loading to receiving waters.
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PMID:The impact of combined sewage overflows on the viral contamination of receiving waters. 2341 66