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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of lime to reduce or eliminate pathogen content is a cost-effective treatment currently employed in many Class B biosolids production plants in the United States. A bench scale model of lime stabilization was designed to evaluate the survival of adenovirus type 5, rotavirus Wa, and the male specific bacteriophage, MS2, in various matrices. Each virus was initially evaluated independently in a reverse osmosis treated water matrix limed with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide for 24-hr at 22 +/- 5 degrees C. In all R/O water trials, adenovirus type 5, rotavirus Wa and MS2 were below detectable levels (<100.5 TCID50/mL and <1 PFU/mL respectively) following 0.1-hr of liming. Adenovirus type 5, rotavirus Wa, and MS2, were inoculated into composted, raw and previously limed matrices, representative of sludge and biosolids, to achieve a final concentration of approximately 104 PFU or TCID50/mL. Each matrix was limed for 24-hr at 22 +/- 5 degrees C and 4 +/- 2 degrees C. In all trials virus was below detectable levels following a 24-hr incubation. The time required for viral inactivation varied depending on the temperature and sample matrix. This research demonstrates reduction of adenovirus type 5, rotavirus Wa, and male-specific bacteriophage, in water, sludge and biosolids matrices following addition of an 8% calcium hydroxide slurry to achieve a pH of 12 for 2-hr reduced to 11.5 for 22-hr by addition of 0.1 N HCl. In these trials, MS2 was a conservative indicator of the efficacy of lime stabilization of adenovirus Type 5 and rotavirus Wa and therefore is proposed as a useful indicator organism.
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PMID:Inactivation of adenovirus type 5, rotavirus Wa and male specific coliphage (MS2) in biosolids by lime stabilization. 1743 17

The ability of autoclaving to degrade viral genomes was investigated by real-time PCR and real-time reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. Several factors were considered: the nucleic acid composition of the virus (DNA or RNA), hydration state of the sample, and the duration of autoclaving. Viral genomes were damaged more easily under hydrated conditions compared to dry conditions. The genomes of RNA viruses, such as MS2 and norovirus degraded more readily than DNA virus (adenovirus). MS2 genome was the most vulnerable among those tested, with no amplification observed after 18min of autoclaving. Adenovirus genomes, on the other hand, were detected after autoclaving for 36min under hydrated or dry conditions. For norovirus, 18min of autoclaving under hydrated condition or 36min under dry conditions was enough to destroy noroviral genomes. For noroviral samples, 1.1% of noroviral gene segments were remained after autoclaving for 18min under dry conditions; however, when a two-step approach was used for the RT-PCR reaction with priming at the poly-A tail about 2552bp from the qPCR amplification site, the gene segment was not amplified after autoclaving for 18min. Thus, norovirus amplification observed after 18min of autoclaving in the dry sample is likely from less than full length genomic segments of norovirus RNA remaining in the sample.
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PMID:Persistence of viral genomes after autoclaving. 2438 29