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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenovirus (Ad) enters target cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, escapes to the cytosol, and then delivers its DNA genome into the nucleus. Here we analyzed the trafficking of fluorophore-tagged viruses in HeLa and TC7 cells by time-lapse microscopy. Our results show that native or taxol-stabilized microtubules (MTs) support alternating minus- and plus end-directed movements of cytosolic virus with elementary speeds up to 2.6 micrometer/s. No directed movement was observed in nocodazole-treated cells. Switching between plus- and minus end-directed elementary speeds at frequencies up to 1 Hz was observed in the periphery and near the MT organizing center (MTOC) after recovery from nocodazole treatment. MT-dependent motilities allowed virus accumulation near the MTOC at population speeds of 1-10 micrometer/min, depending on the cell type. Overexpression of p50/dynamitin, which is known to affect dynein-dependent minus end-directed vesicular transport, significantly reduced the extent and the frequency of minus end-directed migration of cytosolic virus, and increased the frequency, but not the extent of plus end-directed motility. The data imply that a single cytosolic Ad particle engages with two types of MT-dependent motor activities, the minus end- directed cytoplasmic dynein and an unknown plus end- directed activity.
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PMID:Microtubule-dependent plus- and minus end-directed motilities are competing processes for nuclear targeting of adenovirus. 1003 88

Adenovirus E1A DNA and proteins are detected in lung epithelial cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In investigating E1A regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in human lung epithelial cells, we found increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-8 expression after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of A549 cells stably transfected with adenovirus 5 E1A. We now show that E1A-dependent induction of interleukin-8 expression is specific to LPS, superinduced by cycloheximide, and not observed after tumor necrosis factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that tumor necrosis factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced nuclear factor-kappaB binding complexes of Rel A and p50 in E1A and control transfectants, whereas LPS was effective only in E1A transfectants. Similarly, LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB was observed only in E1A transfectants. CCAAT-enhancer binding protein binding was undetected and activator protein-1 binding was unaffected by LPS in either cell type, whereas basal mRNA levels of c-jun were unchanged by E1A. We conclude that E1A enhances the expression of these inflammatory mediator genes by modulating events specific to LPS-triggered nuclear factor-kappaB induction in these cells.
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PMID:Endotoxin-specific NF-kappaB activation in pulmonary epithelial cells harboring adenovirus E1A. 1048 59

A major function of the acinar cells of the lacrimal gland is the production and stimulated release of tear proteins into ocular surface fluid. We investigate the participation of cytoplasmic dynein in carbachol-stimulated traffic to the apical plasma membrane in primary rabbit lacrimal acinar epithelial cells. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed a major carbachol-induced, microtubule-dependent recruitment of cytoplasmic dynein and the dynactin complex into the subapical region. Colocalization studies, sorbitol density gradient/phase partitioning analysis and microtubule-affinity purification of membranes showed that some dynein and dynactin complex were associated with VAMP2-enriched membranes. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of p50/dynamitin inhibited the recruitment and colocalization of dynein, the dynactin complex and VAMP2 in the subapical region. Nocodazole treatment and p50/dynamitin overexpression also depleted subapical stores of rab3D in resting acini, suggesting that dynein activity was also involved in maintenance of rab3D-enriched secretory vesicles. These data implicate cytoplasmic dynein in stimulated traffic to the apical plasma membrane in these secretory epithelial cells.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic dynein participates in apically targeted stimulated secretory traffic in primary rabbit lacrimal acinar epithelial cells. 1267 81

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORalpha) is a nuclear orphan receptor. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Overexpression of RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 also suppressed TNF-alpha-stimulated translocation of p50 and p65 to the nucleus. In contrast, dominant-negative deletion mutants of RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 failed to suppress the induction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and translocations of p50 and p65. These results suggest that RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 regulate the inflammatory responses via inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in endothelial cells.
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PMID:RORalpha1 and RORalpha4 suppress TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells. 1474 80