Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pharyngeal swabs from patients with acute pharyngitis were evaluated for viruses and bacterial organisms from December 2000 through June 2001. Viral genomes were detected by PCR. Of 56 patients, potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated in 34 (60.7%), viruses in 19 (33.9%), and no etiological pathogens in 16 patients (28.6%). Both viral and bacterial infections were found in 13 (23.2%). Of 56 patients, beta streptococci were found in 10 (6 with group A streptococci, 4 with other groups), H. influenzae in 13, S. pneumoniae in 8, and S. aureus in 7. Two bacterial organisms were isolated in 4 and 3 in 1. Virus infection was found in 19 (29.7%): Adenovirus was most frequently recovered (11 cases; 57.9%), followed by Influenza A and B virus (4 cases; 21.0%), Parainfluenza 1 virus (4 cases; 21.0%) and RS virus (2 cases; 10.5%). Two cases had 2 viruses infections. On the basis of our results, viral and bacterial coinfections are observed in early illness.
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PMID:[Etiology of acute pharyngitis in adults: the presence of viruses and bacteria]. 1279 25

A new polyvalent respiratory virus vaccine has been evaluated in a double-blind trial involving infants and children. Five hundred and sixteen healthy infants and children were given either nine-strain polyvalent respiratory virus vaccine or placebo. The vaccine contained four Influenza strains, three Adenovirus strains and two Parainfluenza strains. Serologic studies revealed that persistent protective antibody levels were achieved with only the Asian Influenza component.The children were followed up clinically for a one-year period and each respiratory illness was recorded. No protection appeared to have been conferred by the vaccine, and indeed a significantly greater number of respiratory illnesses occurred among the vaccinated group.
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PMID:ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN. II. A TRIAL OF POLYVALENT VIRUS VACCINE. 1410 10

Effective adjuvants capable of inducing strong cytotoxic T cell responses in humans are lacking. In this study, we tested 4-1BBL as an adjuvant for activation of human memory antiviral CD8 T cell responses ex vivo. A recombinant replication-defective 4-1BBL adenovirus was used to convert autologous monocytes into efficient antigen-presenting cells after overnight incubation, bypassing the need to generate dendritic cells. Together with viral peptides, 4-1BBL led to robust memory responses of human Epstein-Barr virus- and influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells, with expansion of peptide-specific CD8 effector cells; up-regulation of Bcl-x(L), granzyme A, and perforin; enhanced cytotoxic activity; and increased cytokine production. The response was significant even at a 100-fold lower peptide dose, compared with responses obtained with control adenovirus. Adenovirus-delivered B7.1 also expanded and activated virus-specific CD8 T cells, but 4-1BBL was more effective in driving the T cells toward a more fully differentiated CD27(-) effector state. Thus, 4-1BBL is a promising adjuvant for human memory CD8 T cells and will likely be most effective in the boost phase of a prime-boost strategy.
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PMID:Costimulatory ligand 4-1BBL (CD137L) as an efficient adjuvant for human antiviral cytotoxic T cell responses. 1474 33

A retrospective analysis of the virological findings in all respiratory samples (7303) analysed at the laboratory of Karolinska Hospital between 1993 and 2000 was performed. The findings were studied according to age and seasonal variation, and the methods were evaluated. Most samples were from children. RSV was the dominant agent, found in 34% of all samples from children 0-1 y of age. Influenza A was found in 13% of samples from the age group 2-5 y. Influenza A dominated among adults and the elderly. RSV was found only in 2% of samples from patients 81 y or older. Adenovirus was found among children and adults, but not at all among the elderly. Both antigen detection and virus isolation were performed on 79% (5776) of the samples. For diagnosis of influenza A, virus isolation was more sensitive than immunofluorescence, but for diagnosis of RSV immunofluorescence was more sensitive than virus isolation. Thus, the analysis verified that influenza A is common not only among adults and the elderly, but also among small children. RSV was an uncommon finding among the elderly. Immunofluorescence is sensitive and rapid for the diagnosis of particularly RSV among small children and influenza in all age groups.
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PMID:Respiratory virus infections in Stockholm during seven seasons: a retrospective study of laboratory diagnosis. 1530 69

In April 2004, two patients were admitted to hospital in Berlin, Germany, with clinical signs of acute respiratory infection after returning from a military exercise in their home country of Turkey. They were admitted to a high security infectious disease unit as epidemiological data pointed to an outbreak of unknown etiology. Samples taken at the time of admission proved to be strongly positive for Adenovirus by PCR, but negative for Influenza A/H1N1 virus, Influenza A/H3N2 virus, Influenza B virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS coronavirus. No evidence for bacterial infection was obtained by serological tests and blood cultures. The adenovirus detected was characterized further by genotyping and was identified as a species B2 virus with the highest similarity to adenovirus type 11a.
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PMID:Respiratory disease caused by a species B2 adenovirus in a military camp in Turkey. 1612 80

A previously healthy woman was admitted to hospital after 'flu-like' symptoms for 5 days followed by acute intense abdominal and lower back pain. On admission she was found to be in severe shock and was transferred to the ICU. Echocardiography revealed cardiac tamponade, and pericardiocentesis was performed immediately. Thereafter her cardiovascular state improved, but she developed hypotension with low systemic vascular resistance and required vasoactive treatment for 4 days. Nine days after admission the patient was transferred to the ward, after which she recovered rapidly and completely. The cause of her illness was extensively screened. No underlying disease was found, and all bacterial cultures remained negative. Acute virus infection was confirmed by diagnostic elevations of antibody titers to Influenza A and adenovirus. Adenovirus was also isolated from her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade and septic shock caused by viral infection in a previously healthy woman. 1614 81

Increasing evidence indicates that RNA interference (RNAi) may be used to provide antiviral immunity in mammalian cells. Human micro (mi)RNAs can inhibit the replication of a primate virus, whereas a virally-encoded miRNA from HIV inhibits its own replication. Indirect proof comes from RNAi suppressors encoded by mammalian viruses. Influenza NS1 and Vaccinia E3L proteins can inhibit RNAi in plants, insects and worms. HIV-1 Tat protein and Adenovirus VA RNAs act as RNAi suppressors in mammalian cells. Surprisingly, many RNAi suppressors are also inhibitors of the interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase R (PKR) but the potential overlap between the RNAi and the IFN pathways remains to be determined. The link between RNAi as an immune response and the IFN pathway may be formed by a cellular protein, TRBP, which has a dual role in HIV replication and RNAi. TRBP has been isolated as an HIV-1 TAR RNA binding protein that increases HIV expression and replication by inhibiting PKR and by increasing translation of structured RNAs. A recent report published in the Journal of Virology shows that the poor replication of HIV in astrocytes is mainly due to a heightened PKR response that can be overcome by supplying TRBP exogenously. In two recent papers published in Nature and EMBO Reports, TRBP is now shown to interact with Dicer and to be required for RNAi mediated by small interfering (si) and micro (mi)RNAs. The apparent discrepancy between TRBP requirement in RNAi and in HIV replication opens the hypotheses that RNAi may be beneficial for HIV-1 replication or that HIV-1 may evade the RNAi restriction by diverting TRBP from Dicer and use it for its own benefit.
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PMID:Dual role of TRBP in HIV replication and RNA interference: viral diversion of a cellular pathway or evasion from antiviral immunity? 1625 39

Adenovirus (AdV) respiratory infections have usually been associated with species B, C, and E. In this study, we detected 9.4% of AdVs by PCR in 500 nasal swabs from 319 children with influenza-like symptoms. AdV typing by PCR with specific probes showed species C, B, and F as well as coinfection with two species. Coinfection with two AdV species and the presence of species F in respiratory samples are novel findings that should be further investigated.
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PMID:Use of PCR to demonstrate presence of adenovirus species B, C, or F as well as coinfection with two adenovirus species in children with flu-like symptoms. 1645 29

We have generated recombinant adenoviruses encoding three genetically modified surface antigens (SAGs) of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, that is, AdSAG1, AdSAG2, and AdSAG3. Modifications included the removal of their glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring motifs and, in some cases, the exchange of the native signal peptide for influenza virus hemagglutinin signal sequence. Adenovirus immunization of BALB/c mice elicited potent antibody responses against each protein, displaying a significant bias toward a helper T cell type 1 (Th1) profile in animals vaccinated with AdSAG1. Furthermore, the presence of parasite-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells was analyzed by proliferation assays and enzyme-linked immunospot assays in the same animals. Splenocytes from immunized mice secreted IFN-gamma after in vitro stimulation with tachyzoite lysate antigen or with a fraction enriched for membrane-purified GPI-anchored proteins (F3) from the T. gondii tachyzoite surface. Epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells were identified in SAG1 and SAG3, but not SAG2, sequences, although this protein also induced a specific response. We also tested the capacity of the immune responses detected to protect mice against a challenge with live T. gondii parasites. Although no protection was observed against tachyzoites of the highly virulent RH strain, a significant reduction in cyst loads in the brain was observed in animals challenged with the P-Br strain. Thus, up to 80% of the cysts were eliminated from animals vaccinated with a mixture of the three recombinant viruses. Because adenoviruses seemed capable of inducing Th1-biased protective immune responses against T. gondii antigens, other parasite antigens should be tested alone or in combination with those described here to further develop a protective vaccine against toxoplasmosis.
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PMID:Vaccination with replication-deficient recombinant adenoviruses encoding the main surface antigens of toxoplasma gondii induces immune response and protection against infection in mice. 1661 Sep 29

Sequences of epidemic waves have been observed in past influenza pandemics, such as the Spanish influenza. Possible explanations may be sought either in mechanisms altering the structure of the network of contacts, such as those induced by changes in the rates of movement of people or by public health measures, or in the genetic drift of the influenza virus, since the appearance of new strains can reduce or eliminate herd immunity. The pandemic outbreaks may also be influenced by coinfection with other acute respiratory infections (ARI) that increase transmissibility of influenza virus (by coughing, sneezing, running nose). In fact, some viruses (e.g., Rhinovirus and Adenovirus) have been found to induce "clouds" of bacteria and increase the transmissibility of Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, Rhinovirus and Adenovirus were detected in patients during past pandemics, and their presence is linked to superspreading events. In this paper, by assuming increased transmissibility in coinfected individuals, we propose and study a model where multiple pandemic waves are triggered by coinfection with ARI. The model agrees well with mortality excess data during the 1918 pandemic influenza, thereby providing indications for potential pandemic mitigation.
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PMID:Coinfection can trigger multiple pandemic waves. 1860 70


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