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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenovirus strain GY/14 isolated during a natural outbreak was used in experimental infection. Three weeks old lambs responded with temperature rise, respiratory symptoms and diarrhoea to the infection. Infection spread to a contact animal, too. Reisolation of the virus was successful from the nasal discharge and feces from the 3rd to 10th, and the 3rd to 5th day following infection, respectively. In the killed experimental animals the pathological and histological changes observed were similar to those observed in natural cases. On comparing the natural outbreaks with the experimental infection the only difference appeared in the severity of the changes. Following the experimental infection characteristic nuclear inclusions appeared in the nasal and bronchiolar epithelium, in the alveolar septal cells and in the reticular cells of the lymph nodes. Epizootiologic observations and experimental results confirm the assumption that our adenovirus strains isolated from natural cases are pathogenic for lambs.
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PMID:Adenovirus infection in lambs. II. Experimental infection of lambs. 19 1

Infections of the gastrointestinal tract still are numerous, ranging on the second place after infections of the respiratory tract. Some of them show quite severe or prolonged course. In contrast to other infections, especially those of the urinary tract, laboratory diagnostic of enteritis is only scarcely ordered. During the last ten years new methods and knowledge of etiologic germs like Campylobacter, Yersinia, various types of E. coli, Clostridium difficile, Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Giardia, Blastomyces and Cryptosporidia have been accumulated. A better etiologic diagnosis of these infections should enable the clinician to start a more precise and therefore more effective therapy.
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PMID:[Bacteriologic and serologic diagnosis of enteral infections]. 305 77

Adenovirus disease was diagnosed in 2 hr by staining exfoliated infected oropharyngeal cells with fluorescein-tagged rabbit antisera to adenovirus types 4 and 7. The method was as sensitive as the standard virus isolation procedures, but serological cross reactions were observed. Viral antigens were detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells. Infection was accompanied by the outpouring of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and smaller numbers of mononuclear cells. The method provides a model for the study of the cellular response to viral upper respiratory disease.
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PMID:Pathology of exfoliated oropharyngeal epithelial cells infected with wild-type adenovirus. 434 41

In Fall 1981, an outbreak of acute infectious conjunctivitis with keratitis (EKC) occurred in patients who had visited a private ophthalmology clinic just prior to onset of illness. Among an estimated 2,200 patient visits to the office from August 10 to October 15, 1981 for problems unrelated to infectious conjunctivitis, 39 (1.8%) persons subsequently developed EKC. The median incubation period was 6.5 days (range, 1 to 14 days). A case-control study was done to identify risk factors associated with contracting EKC; patients with EKC were more likely than control patients to have been examined by one or the other of two of the four ophthalmologists at the clinic and to have undergone procedures such as tonometry or foreign body removal. Adenovirus was isolated from conjunctival swabs from four of five persons with conjunctivitis; three were type 8 and one was type 7. Recognition of the problem and improved handwashing practices were associated with terminating the outbreak. This outbreak illustrates the potential for transmission of adenovirus infection during the provision of eye care. Infection control practitioners should be familiar with measures for the prevention of such infections among ophthalmology patients.
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PMID:Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: report of an outbreak in an ophthalmology practice and recommendations for prevention. 609 Mar 33

An epidemiological survey was undertaken to establish the importance of rotavirus as a cause of admission of children to hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Between August 1978 and January 1980 rotavirus infection was detected in 62 (34%) of 180 infants and children admitted to hospital with acute gastro-enteritis. In identification of the virus, electron microscopy (EM) was found to be as sensitive as counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). There was agreement between EM and CIE diagnosis in 90.5% cases. Adenovirus and coronavirus were detected by electron microscopy less often. A serological response to rotavirus was revealed by complement fixation test in 38 (72%) of 53 infected patients. Rotaviruses were detected throughout the year, but peak incidence occurred during the cooler months, May to August. Infection was commoner among children under six months of age. Diarrhoea was generally mild in these children and respiratory illness showed no significant association with rotavirus gastroenteritis. These results indicate that rotaviruses may be a major cause of infantile acute gastroenteritis in Buenos Aires, Argentina especially during the winter.
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PMID:Rotavirus infection in children hospitalized for diarrhoea in Argentina. 618 65

Chronic infection with adenovirus types 5 and 6 was established in primary mononuclear leukocytes from human umbilical cord blood and in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood and from woolly monkey blood. Adenovirus could be recovered from cultures of primary leukocytes and of EBV-transformed lymphocytes for two and three months, respectively, without visible alteration of cell growth. Infection in cultures of EBV-transformed lymphocytes from woolly monkey blood was obliterated by exposure to antibody, but EBV-transformed lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood contained small amounts of virus for prolonged periods that restored infection in the culture when antibody was removed. Thus, chronic infection of lymphoid cells by some adenoviruses is maintained by at least two mechanisms: cell-to-cell spread of virus in the absence of antibody and intracellular persistence of infectious virus in the presence of antibody.
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PMID:Persistent infection with adenovirus types 5 and 6 in lymphoid cells from humans and woolly monkeys. 627 68

Fastidious enteric adenovirus have recently been recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Their inability to grow in vitro has hampered classification by conventional methods. With modern immunological and chemical techniques the enteric adenoviruses have been shown to be distinct from the 39 established human adenovirus serotypes. In a prospective study of the viral, bacterial and parasitic aetiology of acute gastroenteritis 410 children and 205 age-matched controls were studied. An enteropathogenic agent was detected in 67% of the diarrhoeic patients and 57% were of viral origin. Rotavirus was the major agent found in 43% of the patients whereas adenovirus was found in 13%. Of the 50 adenovirus specimens, so far fully characterized by electron microscopy, ELISA-assays, DNA-restriction analysis and isolation studies 70% were identified as enteric adenoviruses. Two serotypes, adeno 40 and 41, were detected representing the new subgroups F and G. Twelve of 17 paired serum specimens, from children with enteric adenovirus showed a significant rise in hemagglutination inhibition titers. Infection with enteric adenoviruses showed 2 small seasonal peaks in summer and late winter. Infection occurred early in life, 85% of the children aged less than 3 years. Diarrhoea was the main symptom with an average duration of 9 days. Adenovirus type 41 seemed to cause diarrhoea of longer duration. Fever and vomiting was mild with a mean of 2 days. Respiratory symptoms occurred in 20% of the cases. The incubation period could be estimated as 7 days. Virus was excreted for 10-14 days.
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PMID:Two new serotypes of enteric adenovirus causing infantile diarrhoea. 630 84

Infection of human cells by adenovirus results in multiple alterations of host gene expression. To examine the effects of viral infection on the expression of a single gene, a line of human cells was developed which is resistant to growth in methotrexate and which contains amplified RNA and protein specific for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Cytogenetic evidence indicated the presence of amplified DNA. Adenovirus infection of these cells caused an induction and subsequent decline in the synthesis of DHFR protein. The maximum DHFR induction occurred 16 to 19 h after infection and reached a level 2.5-fold greater than that observed in uninfected cells. Induction of DHFR protein synthesis was accompanied by concomitant increases in the level of steady-state DHFR-specific cytoplasmic RNA. The relative rate of DHFR mRNA production (i.e., the appearance of DHFR-specific mRNA sequences in the cytoplasm) also increased 2.5-fold during induction. Later in infection, the relative rate of DHFR protein synthesis declined, reaching a level below that observed in uninfected cells. This decline was accompanied by a similar decline in the steady-state levels of DHFR RNA and in the relative rate of synthesis of DHFR mRNA. These data suggest that adenovirus infection controls DHFR gene expression by increasing and subsequently decreasing the relative rate at which DHFR-specific mRNA sequences appear in the cytoplasm and enter the pool of mRNA available for translation.
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PMID:Control of cellular gene expression during adenovirus infection: induction and shut-off of dihydrofolate reductase gene expression by adenovirus type 2. 686 43

Adenovirus E1B 19K protein prevents premature death of adenovirus-infected cells. Viral mutants (19K mutants) defective in the 19K protein induce enhanced cell death, resulting in fragmentation of viral and cellular DNA. The 19K protein can also suppress the effects of certain external cell death-inducing stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and various DNA-damaging agents that induce apoptosis. We have examined viral infection of permissive human cells and nonpermissive rat cells to determine if the 19K mutant induces apoptotic or necrotic type of cell death. Infection of normal rat kidney cells with an adenovirus type 2 19K deletion mutant induces internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and condensation of nuclear chromatin. Electron microscopic examination of these cells revealed the presence of condensed subnuclear bodies characteristic of apoptosis. In contrast, infection of human A549 cells induces random DNA fragmentation, and these cells do not exhibit characteristic condensation of the nuclear chromatin but contain enlarged nuclei loaded with virus particles. Therefore, it appears that adenovirus infection induces both apoptotic and necrotic types of cell death, depending on the cell type. Both types of cell death can be suppressed by E1B 19K protein. Similarly, a recombinant adenovirus expressing the human Bcl-2 protein but lacking the E1B proteins can efficiently suppress both apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by adenovirus infection. The requirement of p53 tumor suppressor protein in adenovirus-induced cell death was investigated by infection of human Saos2 and mouse p53 nullizygous (p53-/-) cells lacking p53 tumor suppressor protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:p53-independent apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths induced by adenovirus infection: suppression by E1B 19K and Bcl-2 proteins. 775 71

Improving the efficiency of gene transfer remains an important goal in developing new treatments for cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Adenovirus vectors and nonviral vectors each have specific advantages, but they also have limitations. Adenovirus vectors efficiently escape from the endosome and enter the nucleus, but the virus shows limited binding to airway epithelia. Nonviral cationic vectors bind efficiently to the negatively charged cell surface, but they do not catalyze subsequent steps in gene transfer. To take advantage of the unique features of the two different vector systems, we noncovalently complexed cationic molecules with recombinant adenovirus encoding a transgene. Complexes of cationic polymers and cationic lipids with adenovirus increased adenovirus uptake and transgene expression in cells that were inefficiently infected by adenovirus alone. Infection by both complexes was independent of adenovirus fiber and its receptor and occurred via a different cellular pathway than adenovirus alone. Complexes of cationic molecules and adenovirus also enhanced gene transfer to differentiated human airway epithelia in vitro and to the nasal epithelium of cystic fibrosis mice in vivo. These data show that complexes of adenovirus and cationic molecules increase the efficiency of gene transfer, which may enhance the development of gene therapy.
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PMID:Complexes of adenovirus with polycationic polymers and cationic lipids increase the efficiency of gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. 904 73


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