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Query: UMLS:C0001486 (Adenovirus)
 3,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenovirus and other usually benign viral infections may occasionally be associated with severe fulminant disease, often accompanied by acute acquired cellular immunodeficiency. Thymic humoral factor derived from calf thymuses has been demonstrated to have the capacity to restore the immunocompetence of immature, incompetent T cells. This factor was used in the treatment of a 3 1/2-year-old boy who was critically ill with an adenovirus infection and presented evidence of immunocellular deficiency. Within less than 48 hours after the institution of treatment with thymic humoral factor there was a dramatic, progressive clinical improvement, with restoration of the cellular immunocompetence. It is suggested that thymic humoral factor may be beneficial in the treatment of severe viral infections associated with depressed cellular immunocompetence.
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PMID:Severe disseminated adenovirus infection successfully treated with a thymic humoral factor, THF. 19 57

Sixty-six cases of combined immunodeficiency (CID) in foals were studied to determine the most prevalent causes of infection and death. Lesions of the respiratory system were observed in 59 of the foals and were attributable to infection with equine adenovirus. Pneumocystis carinii, and bacteria. Significant lesions were also observed in liver, pancreas, intestines, heart, and kidneys. Maintenance of foals with CID for experimental purposes is directed at the prevention and control of these secondary infections. Adenovirus can be controlled by administration of horse plasma containing high titers of antiadenovirus antibody. Bacteria are controlled by appropriate antibiotic therapy. Pneumocystis carinii infection remains a significant problem in the maintenance of foals with CID.
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PMID:Maintenance of foals with combined immunodeficiency: causes and control of secondary infections. 20 32

Adenoviruses are among the many pathogens and opportunistic agents that cause serious infection in the congenitally immunocompromised, in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for organ and tissue transplants and for cancers, and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Adenovirus infections in these patients tend to become disseminated and severe, and the serotypes involved are clustered according to the age of the patient and the nature of the immunosuppression. Over 300 adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients, with an overall case fatality rate of 48%, are reviewed in this paper. Children with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome and other primary immunodeficiencies are exposed to the serotypes of subgroups B and C that commonly infect young children, and thus their infections are due to types 1 to 7 and 31 of subgenus A. Children with bone marrow and liver transplants often have lung and liver adenovirus infections that are due to an expanded set of subgenus A, B, C, and E serotypes. Adults with kidney transplants have viruses of subgenus B, mostly types 11, 34, and 35, which cause cystitis. This review indicates that 11% of transplant recipients become infected with adenoviruses, with case fatality rates from 60% for bone marrow transplant patients to 18% for renal transplant patients. Patients with AIDS become infected with a diversity of serotypes of all subgenera because their adult age and life-style expose them to many adenoviruses, possibly resulting in antigenically intermediate strains that are not found elsewhere. Interestingly, isolates from the urine of AIDS patients are generally of subgenus B and comprise types 11, 21, 34, 35, and intermediate strains of these types, whereas isolates from stool are of subgenus D and comprise many rare, new, and intermediate strains that are untypeable for practical purposes. It has been estimated that adenoviruses cause active infection in 12% of AIDS patients and that 45% of these infections terminate in death within 2 months. In all immunocompromised patients, generalized illness involving the central nervous system, respiratory system, hepatitis, and gastroenteritis usually have a fulminant course and result in death. Treatments for adenovirus infections are of little proven value, although certain purine and pyrimidine analogs have shown beneficial effects in vitro and may be promising drugs.
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PMID:Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host. 132 83

We have isolated a rat cDNA, named FE65, hybridizing to an mRNA of about 2,300 nucleotides present in rat brain, undetectable in rat liver and very poorly represented in other tissues. An mRNA of the same size is present in human neuroblastoma cells and is absent from other human cell lines. The FE65 cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) coding for a polypeptide of 499 amino acids in which 143 residues can be aligned with the DNA binding domain of the integrases encoded by mammalian immunodeficiency viruses. The remaining part of the FE65 ORF is not homologous with the correspondent regions of the integrases; the first 206 residues of the FE65 ORF show numerous negative charges and a short sequence not dispensable for the function of the transactivating acidic domain of the jun family transcriptional factors. A plasmid which expresses FE65 amino acids 1-232 fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain was co-transfected with a plasmid containing five GAL4 binding sites upstream of a minimal Adenovirus promoter controlling the expression of the CAT gene. This experiment showed that the fused protein GAL4-FE65 is able to obtain a 30-40 fold increase of the CAT gene expression compared to the expression observed in the presence of the GAL4 DNA binding domain alone. Two types of FE65 mRNA are present in rat brain, differing only for six nucleotides. We demonstrate that this is the consequence of a neuron-specific alternative splicing of a six-nucleotide miniexon, which is also present in the human genome, in an intron/exon context very similar to that of the rat FE65 gene.
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PMID:A rat brain mRNA encoding a transcriptional activator homologous to the DNA binding domain of retroviral integrases. 192 10

Adenovirus was identified in colonic tissue by transmission electron microscopy or culture in 5 of 67 (7.4%) homosexual men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (51 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) with diarrhea. Colonoscopy showed the mucosa to be normal in 3 cases and mildly inflamed in 2. Light microscopy showed foci of mucosal necrosis that contained chronic inflammatory cells and degenerating and necrotic epithelial cells with amphophilic nuclear inclusions. By transmission electron microscopy, hexagonal viral particles characteristic of adenovirus were identified within the inclusions. Only 1 patient was concomitantly infected by a second potential enteric pathogen. It was concluded that adenovirus, an uncommon enteric pathogen in immunocompetent adults, causes intestinal pathology and may be associated with diarrheal illness in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Adenovirus colitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 200 34

The records of 96 pediatric patients with aplastic anemia or a malignancy who underwent bone marrow transplantation between 1979 and 1986 at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were reviewed for laboratory evidence of viral infections. The most common viral diseases identified were herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus and adenoviruses, which were found in 19 (20%), 17 (18) and 17 (18) patients, respectively. HSV was more common in patients with than without graft vs. host disease (GVHD) (9 of 30; 30% vs. 10 of 66; 15%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Late or prolonged isolation of HSV occurred in patients with chronic GVHD. Cytomegalovirus was significantly more common in patients with than without GVHD (10 of 30; 33% vs. 7 of 66; 11%). The presence of pretransplant antibody to cytomegalovirus or HSV was a good predictor of subsequent infection. Adenoviruses were isolated from all 3 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. Adenovirus type 12, a serotype uncommon in man and known to be highly tumorigenic in young hamsters, was recovered from 4 patients. Adenoviruses were not notably more common in patients with GVHD (6 of 30; 20% vs. 11 of 66; 17%). Other viral infections demonstrated included 5 parainfluenza, 4 enteroviruses, 3 human immunodeficiency virus, 1 respiratory syncytial virus, 1 influenza B and 1 rhinovirus.
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PMID:Viral infections in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. 283 May 86

Adenovirus type 35 (Ad35) is a group B adenovirus that has been isolated primarily from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other immunodeficiency disorders. We have studied the interaction of this unique adenovirus with the immune system by analyzing Ad35 early viral proteins in infected HeLa cells. We have identified a 29,000-Mr Ad35 early glycoprotein, E29, which associates with class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ad35 E29 is analogous to the group C Ad2 early glycoprotein E3-19K (E19), which has been shown to interfere with the expression of class I antigens on the cell surface (H. Burgert and S. Kvist, Cell 41:987-997, 1985). In contrast to the Ad2 glycoprotein, Ad35 E29 was synthesized in much smaller amounts, was more extensively glycosylated, and did not cross-react with polyclonal antibody against the Ad2 protein. As a control, a class I antigen-binding glycoprotein from another group B adenovirus, Ad7, was also characterized and was found to have properties similar to those of Ad35 E29. Therefore, the differences in the glycosylation and quantity of class I antigen-binding glycoproteins between Ad35 and Ad2 are group related. Inhibition of the expression of MHC class I antigens, which are needed for cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte recognition of virus-infected cells, appears to play a vital role in the adenovirus life cycle in vivo. Our data indicate that this function has been conserved despite significant differences in the MHC class I antigen-binding glycoprotein and in the pathogenicity between serotypes.
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PMID:Characterization of a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-binding glycoprotein from adenovirus type 35, a type associated with immunocompromised hosts. 296 Aug 30

Adenovirus VA1 gene is efficiently transcribed by RNA polymerase III and gives rise to a small highly ordered RNA. To inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a chimeric VA1 RNA molecule was designed that contained a short antisense RNA sequence complementary to a conserved region of the HIV-1 rev encoding mRNA (28 nucleotides). This sequence, which was inserted into a projecting loop of the VA1 RNA central domain, was mainly single stranded and available for binding with its complementary sequence. The chimeric VA1 antisense was abundantly expressed in human cells constituting 3% of mRNA and promoted strong and specific inhibition of HIV-1 gene replication. The stable expression of antisense RNA in human T cells (CEM) protected these cells from HIV-1 multiplication for at least 3 months. No side effects were detected because of the lack of antisense effect upon replication of the closely related HIV-2. The VA1 gene may provide a suitably compact gene cassette for the intracellular expression of short antisense RNA directed against HIV.
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PMID:Protection of a T-cell line from human immunodeficiency virus replication by the stable expression of a short antisense RNA sequence carried by a shuttle RNA molecule. 754 Dec 91

To evaluate the prevalence of adenovirus strains in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to investigate their possible role in the onset of diarrhea, a total of 103 stools from HIV-seropositive patients at various stages of infection and 200 stools from sex and age cross-matched control subjects were examined. Adenovirus prevalence was measured by ELISA as well as conventional and rapid cell culture techniques. Results were compared between patients suffering from diarrhea and those without diarrhea. Adenovirus prevalence was statistically greater in HIV-seropositive cases than controls (8.7%, 2.5%, respectively). No significant difference was found between HIV-positive patients with diarrhea and those without gastrointestinal complications (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference in adenovirus prevalence was found between HIV-positive patients with diarrhea and control subjects with diarrhea (P = 0.02). Although viral prevalence varied with the different stages of HIV infection, differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, although current opinion considers adenoviruses to be no more than opportunistic pathogens, the results of this large-scale study do not exclude a potential reactivation of latent adenovirus in HIV infection and suggest that further effort should be directed to elucidating such a mechanism if it exists as well as investigating the specific role of certain adenovirus serotypes in provoking diarrhea during later stages of HIV infection.
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PMID:Enteric prevalence of adenovirus in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients. 771 92

Adenoviruses are well documented as opportunistic pathogens in patients with immunocompromising conditions, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We recently diagnosed adenovirus infection of the parotid gland in two patients with AIDS. Viral cultures and electron microscopic examinations of parotid tissue were positive in both cases. Adenovirus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid swelling in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Adenovirus parotitis in patients with AIDS. 788 32


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