Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gestational and lactational exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) at >/=250 mg/kg/day disrupts male rat reproductive development and function. Although this indicates an antiandrogenic mechanism, DBP and its biologically active metabolite do not interact with the androgen receptor (AR) in vitro. In the present study, we compared the effects of DBP and the antiandrogen flutamide using a shorter exposure during the prenatal period of male sexual differentiation in rats. Pregnant CD rats received DBP at 0, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day po (n = 10) or flutamide at 100 mg/kg/day po (n = 5) from Gestation Days 12 to 21. In F1 males, DBP (500 mg/kg/day) and flutamide caused hypospadias; cryptorchidism; agenesis of the prostate, epididymis, and vas deferens; degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium; and interstitial cell hyperplasia of the testis. Flutamide and DBP (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) also produced retained thoracic nipples and decreased anogenital distance. Interstitial cell adenoma occurred at 500 mg DBP/kg/day in two males. The only effect seen at 100 mg DBP/kg/day was delayed preputial separation. In contrast to flutamide, DBP caused a low incidence of prostate agenesis and hypospadias with no vaginal pouch. The low incidence of DBP-induced intraabdominal testes contrasted with the high incidence of inguinal testes seen with flutamide. Thus prenatal male sexual differentiation is a sensitive period for the reproductive toxicity of DBP. A no observed adverse effect level was not established and the lowest observed (adverse) effect level was 100 mg/kg/day. Flutamide and DBP disrupted the androgen signaling necessary for male sexual differentiation but with a different pattern of antiandrogenic effects. DBP is an example of an environmental antiandrogen that disrupts androgen-regulated male sexual differentiation without interacting directly with the AR, as does flutamide.
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PMID:Disruption of androgen-regulated male reproductive development by di(n-butyl) phthalate during late gestation in rats is different from flutamide. 1103 75

Di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) is a commercially important plasticizer and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Since previous, limited dose-response studies with DBP that reported alterations in male reproductive development and function failed to establish a NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level), an extensive dose-response study was conducted. Pregnant CD rats were given DBP by gavage at 0, 0.5, 5, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day (n = 19-20) or 500 mg/kg/day (n = 11) from gestation day 12 to 21. In male offspring, anogenital distance was decreased at 500 mg DBP/kg/day. Retained areolas or nipples were present in 31 and 90% of male pups at 100 and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively. Preputial separation was not delayed by DBP treatment in males with normal external genitalia, but cleft penis (hypospadias) was observed in 5/58 rats (4/11 litters) at 500 mg/kg/day. Absent or partially developed epididymis (23/58 rats in 9/11 litters), vas deferens (16/58 animals in 9/11 litters), seminal vesicles (4/58 rats in 4/11 litters), and ventral prostate (1/58 animals) occurred at 500 mg/kg/day. In 110-day-old F(1) males, the weights of the testis, epididymis, dorsolateral and ventral prostates, seminal vesicles, and levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle were decreased at 500 mg/kg/day. At 500 mg/kg/day, widespread seminiferous tubule degeneration was seen in 25/58 rats (in 9/11 litters), focal interstitial cell hyperplasia in 14/58 rats (in 5/11 litters), and interstitial cell adenoma in 1/58 rats (in 1/11 litters). For this 10-day prenatal (embryonic and fetal) exposure to DBP, the NOAEL and LOAEL (lowest-observed-adverse-effect level) were 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. This is currently the lowest NOAEL described for the toxicity of DBP.
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PMID:Dose-dependent alterations in androgen-regulated male reproductive development in rats exposed to Di(n-butyl) phthalate during late gestation. 1078 69

One of the reasons of secondary arterial hypertension (HA) are pathological lesions of adrenal glands. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of performed adrenalectomy on the values of arterial blood pressure (RR) in patients with adrenal tumours and HA observed at least one year after surgical treatment. Data of 54 patients were analysed. Hormonal activity of adrenal tumours was diagnosed in 57.4% of patients. 83.3% of patients underwent unilateral and 16.7% bilateral adrenalectomy. Pathological examination revealed the presence of pheochromocytoma in 14.8% of patients, adenoma in 59.3% and hyperplasia in 25.9%. The observation time was 43.0 +/- 21.3 months from the operation. The mean maximal value of SBP measured during the time of observation was significantly lower than observed before surgery and amounted to 152.4 +/- 27.0 mm Hg and DBP 96.6 +/- 17.7 mm Hg. The decrease of maximal value of SBP amounted to 52.7 +/- 40.9 mm Hg and DBP 26.8 +/- 24.8 mm Hg. In 87.0% of patients performed surgery caused that symptoms of the disease accompanying HA regressed or decreased, and in 72.2% allowed to reduce the number and doses of antihypertensive drugs. Surgical excision of adrenal tumours in patients with pheochromocytoma as well as with Conn and Cushing syndrome leads to significant reduction of maximal RR values. In patients without confirmation of hormone activity of the tumour qualification to the surgical treatment should be based on clinical symptoms accompanying HA as well as on the size of the tumour.
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PMID:[The influence of adrenalectomy on the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with benign adrenal medullary and cortical tumors]. 1505 62