Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Precancerous conditions (high cancer-risk status) in the stomach and large intestine were discussed from a histological point of view. As to the conditions for the stomach, polyps (hyperplastic polyps and atypical epithelial lesions of flatly elevated type, so-called ATP), intestinal metaplasia and chronic ulcer (including ulcer scar), and as to those for the large intestine, adenomas and mucosa with some mucous changes were selected for this study. ATP was considered to be a neoplastic lesion rather than a hyperplastic or regenerative one, appearing with a high risk for a carcinoma of well-differentiated type: the lesion showed high incidence of focal carcinoma, particularly the ones more than 2 cm in diameter. Intestinal metaplasia has been frequently observed in the Japanese and when this change is drastically taken place, a consideration should be taken as a high risk factor for a well-differentiated carcinoma. Chronic gastric ulcer does not imply by itself a precancerous condition; however, the stomachs with ulcer seem to produce a several times higher incidence of coexistent carcinomas elsewhere in the stomach compared those without ulcer. Whether or not most of the invasive carcinomas are developed from adenomas remains debatable, even though adenoma of the large intestine is commonly suggested as a precancerous condition. A de novo carcinoma making an invasive carcinoma should also be considered. An increased sialomucin production in the mucosa of the large intestine occurred in a wide range also a possible factor for existence of carcinomas. Mucin changes demonstrated by Culling et al were discussed.
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PMID:[Morphological studies on precancerous lesions of the stomach and large intestine]. 634 39

A membranous basal cell adenoma arose from the minor salivary glands in the hypopharynx of a 62-year-old man. Features distinguishing the membranous variant from other forms of basal cell adenoma include the following: (1) abundant reduplicated basement membrane material, (2) the presence of sialomucin-containing cells, and (3) the lack of distinct encapsulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a basal cell adenoma of the hypopharynx, and the first report of the membranous variant in a minor salivary gland.
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PMID:Membranous basal cell adenoma of the hypopharynx. 663 50

A human colonic adenoma cell line PC/AA derived from a familial polyposis coli patient was passaged in culture to form an intermediate premalignant clonogenic variant AA/C1 and, upon treatment with differentiating and carcinogenic agents, a cell line AA/C1/SB10 which is tumourigenic in nude mice. These three mucin-secreting cell lines have been used as a model to study the changes in O-glycan biosynthesis during the progression to cancer. Several glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis, elongation and termination of the common O-glycan core structures were found to decrease in the progression sequence towards adenocarcinoma. Higher activity of a number of enzymes was seen in the intermediate cell line. O-glycan biosynthesis in the original PC/AA cell line was closest to the normal human colonic phenotype, since all four common mucin O-glycan cores and their extended structures could be synthesized; core 3 beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase and alpha 6-sialytransferase acting on GalNAc-mucin were still detectable and core 2 beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase activity was accompanied by core 4 and I beta 6-GlcNAc-transferase activities. During progression towards adenocarcinoma, the expression of alpha 6-sialyltransferase, core 3 beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase, core 4 and I beta 6-GlcNAc-transferases were turned off. Using monoclonal antibodies, Tn antigen, sialyl-Tn antigen, O-acetyl-sialomucin and sialyl-Lea determinants were not detected in secreted or cellular mucin isolated from any of the cell lines. The exposure of MUC1 epitopes was seen in the malignant line, whereas sialyl-Lex determinants were found only in the premalignant PC/AA line. Sulfotransferase activities using core 1 substrate, Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha-benzyl, were high in PC/AA cells and progressively decreased upon development to adenocarcinoma, and this decrease correlated with mucin sulfation. In summary, the synthesis of less abundant, sialylated, fucosylated and extended, unbranched core 1 structures should be facilitated in the malignant cells. This is the first report of glycosyltransferase changes in human premalignant cells developing to tumourigenic cells. The data demonstrate that these cell lines are an excellent model to study the changes and regulation of mucin oligosaccharide biosynthesis during progression to cancer.
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PMID:O-glycan biosynthesis in human colorectal adenoma cells during progression to cancer. 802 Apr 79

Adenocarcinoma arising at an ileostomy is uncommon, and only 29 cases have been reported in the literature. The case of a 54-year-old man who developed an adenocarcinoma at a Brooke ileostomy is reported. The ileostomy had been fashioned 21 years earlier after proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). A wide local excision of the stoma was performed, and a new Brooke ileostomy was fashioned on the opposite side of the abdomen. Histopathologic examination revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with early invasion of the submucosa. On hematoxylin and eosin staining, the ileal mucosa adjacent to the tumor showed signs of colonic metaplasia, including loss of villous architecture and a reduced number of Paneth cells. Mucin staining using the high iron diamine-alcian blue stain demonstrated a mixture of sulfomucin and sialomucin in the ileal mucosa near the tumor, confirming colonic metaplasia. Ileostomy site carcinogenesis can be attributed to both the colonic metaplasia and the inherent nature of FAP or ulcerative colitis (UC), where colonic mucosa is susceptible to adenoma formation or dysplasia. Longstanding ileostomies in patients with FAP or UC should be followed to exclude the development of adenoma, dysplasia, or cancer.
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PMID:Familial adenomatous polyposis: a case report and histologic mucin study. 1037 42

Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA), or adenoma malignum, of the uterine cervix is a diagnostically problematic disease because of the difficulty in differentiating it histologically from normal cervical glands. To evaluate the use of mucin phenotyping for differentiating MDA from other conditions, we performed alcian blue pH 2.5/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining and high iron diamine (HID)-AB staining on routinely processed sections of 11 MDAs, 20 unremarkable cervical glands, 9 cervical glandular hyperplasias occurring in association with mucinous ovarian tumors, and 41 conventional cervical adenocarcinomas. In all 11 MDAs and 11 conventional cervical adenocarcinomas, the tumor cell cytoplasm was stained diffusely red by PAS, indicating that MDA cells produce neutral mucin almost exclusively. The amount of acid mucins, both sulfomucin and sialomucin, was decreased markedly by HID-AB. For four MDAs, preoperative biopsy specimens also showed diffuse cytoplasmic neutral mucin. In contrast, the cytoplasm of constituent cells was stained purple to violet by AB-PAS in all unremarkable cervical glands and glandular hyperplasias, indicating that both acid and neutral mucins were produced in equal amounts, sulfomucin being stained predominantly by HID-AB. Of the 30 conventional cervical adenocarcinomas, 28 showed both acid and neutral mucins and two showed acid mucin only in goblet cells, or in part of the cytoplasm or cell surface of constituent cells, where acid mucin consisted predominantly of sulfomucin in 14 and sialomucin in 16. AB-PAS and HID-AB are simple and orthodox histochemical methods which are effective for differential diagnosis of MDA and can contribute to its early detection and treatment.
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PMID:Reappraisal of orthodox histochemistry for the diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the cervix. 1075 3

A 1 cm polypoid lesion was encountered on the posterior vaginal wall in a 56-year-old woman with no history of diethylstilbestrol exposure that on microscopic examination was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. The tumor was cytokeratin 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen positive and negative for cytokeratin 7. Mucin histochemistry demonstrated the presence of o-acetylated sialomucin, a specific marker of large intestinal differentiation. The initial interpretation favored a metastasis from a colonic adenocarcinoma, but clinical investigations showed no evidence of a primary gastrointestinal lesion. The morphology, histochemical, and differential cytokeratin profile led to the lesion being reinterpreted as a primary intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the vagina arising from a tubular adenoma. Although a very rare tumor, awareness of this lesion is important as it must be distinguished from metastatic adenocarcinomas from other sites.
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PMID:Primary vaginal adenocarcinoma of intestinal type arising from an adenoma: case report and review of the literature. 1129 70

The intraductal tubular adenoma (ITA), pyloric gland type, of the pancreas is an uncommon benign tumor, akin to the pyloric gland type adenoma of the gallbladder. We report 6 cases of ITA of the pancreas: 3 male and 3 female aged 50 to 79 years (mean, 63.5 years; median, 65 years); all were examined clinicopathologically. Four patients showed no symptoms, but appetite loss and/or general fatigue presented in two. Grossly, all tumors formed a localized polypoid mass protruding into the lumen of the dilated pancreatic duct. Five of the six tumors were found within the main duct, and the other arose within the branch duct of the pancreas. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of closely packed tubular glands resembling pyloric type glands. They were lined by columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells with foci of mild to moderate dysplastic change. In 2 cases, the adjacent pancreas showed foci of intraductal papillary-mucinous adenoma. Histochemically, the tumors largely showed neutral mucin with a lesser amount of acidic mucin made up mainly of sialomucin. Endocrine cells were found in five tumors. Immunohistochemically, all tumors were labeled with M-GGMC-1 and MUC6, whereas MUC1 and MUC2 stains were negative. Pepsinogen II was positive in 5 tumors; thus, the results displayed a pattern of differentiation similar to those of ordinary gastric pyloric or metaplastic pyloric glands. DPC4 expression was maintained in all tumors and p53-positive nuclei were hardly encountered. All patients are alive with no evidence of disease 3 to 10.5 years after surgical resection.
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PMID:Intraductal tubular adenoma of the pancreas, pyloric gland type: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 6 cases. 1583 84


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