Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with an FSH-producing adenoma is reported. Two hours after LRH administration (100 microgram iv) the clinical signs of tumour infarction developed. The patient followed a severe clinical course. FSH levels normalised but further deterioration of pituitary function was documented. Worsening of the vision without improvement after surgical resection of the adenoma was observed. The role of LRH testing in adenoma infarction is discussed.
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PMID:Infarction of FSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. 643 3

A case of chromophobe adenoma with capsular calcification combined with Rathke's cleft cysts is presented. A 28-year-old woman presented with a seven-year history of amenorrhea. Several months before admission to our department of neurosurgery on November 6, 1982, she developed galactorrhea and difficulty in reading because of visual failure. Neurological examination on admission revealed bitemporal hemianopsia, visual disturbance, left optic atrophy. Plain skull films and CT scan showed suprasellar capsular calcification. The patients hormonal status was assessed pre- and postoperatively. The basal serum prolactin (PRL) level was elevated at 790ng/ml, but other hormone basal plasma levels were within normal limits despite decrease in FSH, LH, The LH, FSH and PRL demonstrated a blunted response to LH-RH (100 micrograms). Both TSH and PRL demonstrated a blunted response to TRH (500 micrograms). The GH showed no response to insulin tolerance test (0.1 U/kg). On November 24, right frontal craniotomy was performed. A grayish bulging mass was noted surrounded by a calcified layer(2-3 mm) in the suprasellar region. When incised this calcified hard layer, showed multi-small cysts with yellow fluid. Under the cyst layer, there was a soft mass which was curetted easily. Histologically, under the ossified layer, there were multi-small cysts, lined by a single layer of ciliated columnar epithelium. The central soft mass was regarded as a chromophobe adenoma with no calcified body. Following partial removal of the tumor, there was prompt improvement in clinical signs and plasma PRL level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Case of calcified prolactinoma combined with Rathke's cleft cysts]. 648 92

Pituitary tumors producing FSH have hitherto been reported only in males, all of whom have had normal or raised LH levels in serum. This report describes a female with a pituitary adenoma associated with supranormal serum levels of FSH. The FSH was also qualitatively abnormal when compared with FSH in the serum of other postmenopausal women, had a lower apparent molecular weight on gel chromatography, and was less negatively charged, as shown by electrophoresis. The results of LRH tests and suppression tests with ethinyl estradiol indicated autonomy of the FSH-producing adenoma. The FSH level increased concomitant with tumor enlargement and decreased after surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma or pituitary irradiation. The serum level of the glycoprotein alpha-subunit was raised about 100-fold. Any free FSH beta-subunits were not detectable in serum. The abnormal FSH had antigenic sites in common with both the alpha- and beta-subunits of FSH. The LH level was extremely low, and there was no response to LRH tests or ethinyl estradiol treatment. After gel chromatography, a small amount of LH, corresponding to 1/50th of the average for the patient's age, was detected at the position for normal LH. There was no GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, while the cortisol increase was normal. Thyroid and adrenal functions were normal. The PRL level was within the normal range and increased slightly after estrogen treatment.
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PMID:Hypersecretion of an abnormal form of follicle-stimulating hormone associated with suppressed luteinizing hormone secretion in a woman with a pituitary adenoma. 679 14

Hormone secretion by ten functionless human pituitary adenomas in cell culture has been measured, and compared with tissue immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, as well as results with a normal pituitary. Patients presented following routine x-ray and had no clinical or biochemical endocrine abnormality apart form one male with raised serum FSH and PRL, normal LH, and low testosterone. Of the ten adenomas, nine secreted both LH and FSH in cell culture and five of these also secreted PRL, one did not secrete any anterior pituitary hormones (ACTH was not measured). No GH or TSH was detectable in the cultures of the nine LH/FSH secretors excluding the possibility of contamination by normal anterior pituitary. The normal pituitary cells secreted all anterior pituitary hormones: the amounts of FSH/LH being comparable with those of the adenomas. Immunostaining confirmed the cell culture results and showed the adenoma FSH/LH cells to be scattered singly or in small groups of two to five cells with both hormones usually being in the same cell. PRL where found was in separate cells. Hormone granules were small (50-160nm), round or irregular and scattered in the cytoplasm of rounded cell of low secretory activity. The negatively staining cells were not different ultrastructurally to those staining positively. It is concluded that a significant proportion of functionless pituitary adenomas have detectable low levels of LH/FSH secretion often accompanied by PRL when examined by cell culture or immunocytochemistry. Although these adenomas were endocrinologically quiescent activity could have been masked because of post-menopausal secretion and one male probably had and FSH-secreting adenoma.
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PMID:Secretion of LH, FSH, and PRL shown by cell culture and immunocytochemistry of human functionless pituitary adenomas. 679 97

Among 230 surgically removed pituitary adenomas, eight tumours showing immunostaining gonadotropic cells and elevated intratumours gonadotropin concentrations have been detected (frequency: 3.5 per cent.). By light microscopy the tumours were composed of agranular cells and generally PAS negative cytoplasm. The immunofluorescence technique revealed the presence of immunoreactive FSH (beta-subunit) alone in two cases, of both FSH and LH in six cases with immunoreactive beta endorphin in two of them. By electron microscopy, the cells contained an often dilated moderately or well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules measuring 150 nm to 200 nm which varied in electron density, and numerous microtubules. Basal plasma FSH and LH levels were simultaneously elevated in two cases; FSH levels alone were elevated in two cases; in three cases, both FSH and LH plasma values were normal. FSH and LH intratumour concentrations were simultaneously elevated in five cases; FSH alone was elevated in two cases. In all cases, the concentrations of the other hormones were negligible, except in two cases where beta endorphin concentration was elevated. The comparison of the immunocytochemical findings, the hormonal plasma levels and intratumour concentrations showed a good relationship between the immunoreactivity of the tumour and the intratumour RIA. The gonadotropic adenoma is uncommon but not rare. Its diagnosis is possible if immunocytochemical techniques are applied.
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PMID:Human pituitary gonadotropic adenoma; histological, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural and hormonal studies in eight cases. 679 31

In vitro studies with human pituitary adenomas are limited by the small amount of tissue obtained, which may be contaminated by the surrounding normal pituitary tissue. In this study we investigated if the passage of adenoma tissue via thymusless nude mice could solve some of these problems. The secretory capacity of the transplanted human pituitary adenomas was demonstrated by the presence of hGH and/or hPRL in the plasma of the host mouse, while other human pituitary hormones (TSH, LH and FSH) were undetectable. The transplants, however, decreased in size with time although histologically viable adenoma tissue was recovered that resembled the original tumor. Upon trypsinization of the small tissue fragments no viable adenoma cells could be obtained. In contrast, an experimental malignant rat pituitary tumor grew steadily with time, resulting in high levels of rPRL in the nude mice recipients. Large numbers of viable tumor cells were recovered from these tumors. Thus, human pituitary adenomas transplanted in nude mice continue to release hormone(s), but the transplants decrease in size and cannot be used to isolate dispersed tumor cells for in vitro studies.
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PMID:Transplantation of human pituitary adenomas into nude mice. 684 Jun 73

The Authors have evaluated the hypophysis gonadotropic reserve after stimulation by synthetic GnRH (100 ng) in women affected by functional hyperprolactinemia and by prolactin-secreting adenoma. The LH response was significatively higher in women affected by functional hyperprolactinemia. The PRL values seem to have no influence on the gonadotropic reserve except for the cases in which The PRL levels were higher than 200 ng/ml. In all these cases a prolactinoma was present. The FSH response was similar in the two groups considered.
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PMID:Gonadotropinic reserve in women affected by hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. 701 40

A pituitary adenoma removed by surgery from a 22-year-old man was studied by histology, immunocytology, transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, the patient had acromegaly and euthyroidism with elevated blood GH concentrations. Blood TSH and T4 levels were within the normal range. Histologically, the adenoma was chromophobic and exhibited no PAS, lead hematoxylin, aldehyde thionin or Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique GH, beta-TSH and alpha-subunit but no PRL, ACTH, alpha-endorphin, beta-FSH or beta-LH were demonstrated in the adenoma cells. Electron microscopy revealed adenoma cells which were similar to TSH cells and showed no resemblance to GH cells of nontumorous pituitaries or GH-secreting tumors. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated GH and beta-TSH in the secretory granules. It is concluded that pituitary adenomas composed of TSH-like cells may secret GH, resulting in acromegaly. Production of GH by adenomatous TSH cells cannot be explained on the basis of the one cell- one hormone theory. The question is raised whether bihormonal or multihormonal clones, capable of synthesizing more than one hormone, exist in the human pituitary. These cells are apparently dormant under normal conditions, but in the course of neoplastic transformation may undergo functional dedifferentiation and acquire the ability to produce two or more different hormones.
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PMID:Adenoma of the human pituitary producing growth hormone and thyrotropin. A histologic, immunocytologic and fine-structural study. 708 Apr 35

A 57-year-old woman, with long-standing hypogonadism secondary to irradiation of the ovaries, was found to have a pituitary tumor which was removed and investigated by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to a chromophobe, slightly PAS positive adenoma and the immunoperoxidase stain revealed the presence of both FSH and LH in the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells. The structural features of the adenoma cells resembled those of FSH cells in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. We thus believe that pituitary adenomas consisting of gonadotrophin-producing cells occur and that these may produce both FSH and LH. The relation between the gonadotrophin-producing adenoma and the preceding hypogonadism is uncertain.
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PMID:Gonadotroph cell adenoma of the pituitary in a women with long-standing hypogonadism. 736 77

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentrations of TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH and PRL were measured simultaneously in 34 subjects divided into 3 groups: I--12 normal subjects (6 males and 6 females); II--12 prolactin adenomas (3 males and 9 females); III--5 empty sella syndromes; 3 hypothalamic disorders; 1 chromophobe adenoma; 1 pituitary dwarfism. It is concluded that:--pituitary hormones are the normal constituents of CSF but the level can be undetectable and in any case lower than the serum level; --there is a positive correlation between serum and CSF concentration of PRL when serum PRL is higher than 20 ng/ml, indicating that the CSF level is influenced by serum level; --in prolactin adenomas only prolactin is elevated in the CSF; --there is no correlation between the high level of CSF-PRL and a suprasellar extension of the adenoma.
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PMID:[Determination of pituitary hormones in cerebrospinal fluid in normal subjects and in hypothalamo-pituitary diseases. Secreting or non-secreting pituitary adenoma, empty sella syndrome, hypothalamic syndromes]. 739 91


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