Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MUC1 mucin is found in a variety of epithelial tissues and is overexpressed in several epithelial cancers. This molecule could modulate cellular adhesion and thereby influence tumor invasion and metastasis. Little is known of MUC1 gene expression in thyroid tissues. We investigated whether MUC1 mucin gene alteration and/or expression correlated with thyroid tumor progression by studying 21 fresh thyroid tissue specimens comprising 10 macrofollicular adenomas and 11 papillary carcinomas. Normal adjacent tissue from the same patients was also studied. To determine the integrity and expression of the MUC1 mucin gene, a complementary DNA (cDNA) probe was used for Southern blot analysis of DNA and Northern blot analysis of RNA. A detailed immunohistochemical analysis of MUC1 protein expression was performed with DF3 monoclonal antibody, and was compared with other tumor characteristics and clinical manifestations at diagnosis. Of the 14 tumors informative (heterozygous) with the pMUC10 polymorphic probe, 2 (14%) showed loss of heterozygosity (1 adenoma and 1 carcinoma). Overexpression of MUC1 RNA, compared with normal thyroid tissue, was observed in 6 of the 11 papillary carcinomas and in none of the 10 adenomas. Immunostaining of the corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections detected MUC1 mucin protein at the apical domain of follicular cells. Most of the lining was thin in normal tissue and follicular adenomas, but the protein was more irregularly and less strongly expressed in adenomas. In carcinomas the epithelial mucin produced by the MUC1 gene was present irregularly as a thin and/or thick lining at the apical domain of tumor cells. In addition, 5 of the 6 samples with MUC1 mRNA overexpression showed intracytoplasmic staining. Moreover, intracytoplasmic MUC1 mucin staining was found in 75% of "high-risk" papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (PTC with extrathyroid extension at initial diagnosis and/or lymph node involvement), and in only 28.5% of "low-risk" PTC (purely intrathyroidal carcinomas).
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PMID:MUC1 mucin gene, transcripts, and protein in adenomas and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. 934 75

A-52-year-old man presented to our hospital with nephrotic syndrome caused by membranous nephropathy. Early gastric adenocarcinoma confined to the submucosa, and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in a sigmoid adenoma were detected by screening endoscopy. Two years after complete endoscopic resection of these tumors, the estimated 24-h urinary protein excretion decreased, and serum total protein and albumin returned to their normal levels although he had no immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, this case was considered to be a case of secondary membranous nephropathy to cancer, although whether the pathogenesis was due to circulating or in situ immune complexes is unknown. The suspected antigen component of this immune complex can include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). In our patient, however, serum CEA and CA19-9 were within normal values during the clinical course, and detected cancers were early stage and very small. Recently, the existence of anti-mucin 1 (MUC1) antibodies before carcinogenesis and their usefulness for early detection of cancer were reported. We tried to stain tumors and glomeruli for MUC1 but, although we had positive findings in both tumors but not in glomeruli, the role of MUC1 in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy is unknown. To the best of our knowledge, paraneoplastic nephrosis caused by double early cancers expressing MUC1 in the gastrointestinal tract has not been previously reported.
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PMID:Clinical improvement of membranous nephropathy after endoscopic resection of double early gastrointestinal cancers. 2116 16

Differential diagnosis of liver lesion in the absence of proven primary tumor is still a challenge. We experienced a case of an asymptomatic 14 cm lesion of right hemiliver in a 67 year-old man submitted to right hepatectomy in December 2010. One year before the patient underwent to endoscopic removal of a tubular adenoma of the right colon. Preoperative diagnosis was supported by ultrasound, CT scan, PET and liver biopsy. The patient received 6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) with down-staging of the lesion diameter. Immunohistochemistry on the surgical specimen showed positivity for cytokeratins 19 and 20, CEA, MUC-2, negativity for cytokeratin 7 and a-fetoprotein. Moreover, the neoplastic cells showed a focal positivity with lower intensity for MUC-1 and MUC-5AC. The immunohistochemical profile suggested the possibility of a metastatic tumour from the large bowel, without excluding a primitive mucinous cholangiocarcinoma with intestinal phenotype. At 6 months after intervention, the patient was submitted to chemotherapy (FOLFOX). At present he is in good condition, without radiological signs of recurrence. Oncologists must evaluate the possible benefits of further adjuvant treatments based on the differential diagnosis between a primitive or metastatic liver tumour. In conclusion, correct diagnosis of liver masses is mandatory and remains a challenge that can differentiate either follow-up or surgical and adjuvant treatment. Histology and immunohistochemistry must be related to clinical findings as they may not always be sufficient to reach a correct final diagnosis, and can even be confusing. At present, molecular biology cannot be considered a helpful for diagnosis in these cases.
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PMID:Challenge in differential diagnosis of a liver mass histologically defined as a metastatic lesion from an occult primary intestinal tumour. The importance of clinical findings and the limitations of histology and molecular profiles. A case report. 2331 20

Similar to nephrogenic adenomas in adults, those in children are rare benign lesions that often occur in the setting of previous surgery or chronic irritation of the urinary tract. These lesions often present with hematuria and/or as polypoid or papillary lesions on cystoscopy, which may indicate malignancy. We sought to evaluate the various patterns of nephrogenic adenoma occurring in the pediatric population and better characterize the immunophenotype of these lesions. We reviewed 21 cases of nephrogenic adenomas from urinary bladder biopsies of 16 patients. Most patients had a history of urinary bladder augmentation with recurrent urinary stones and urinary tract infections. Many cases presented as a papillary or polypoid mass on cystoscopy. The most common morphologic patterns are papillary, tubulocystic, and a mixed pattern of papillary and tubulocystic, followed by cystic and tubular. On immunostaining, PAX-2, PAX-8, CK7, and MUC-1 provided the most diffuse and intense positive reactivity for nephrogenic adenoma, whereas CD10 and P504S were focal and lesser in intensity when positive. p63 and PAX-5 were consistently negative. We conclude that, although rare in children, nephrogenic adenoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of papillary/polypoid lesions in the urinary tract, especially in the context of previous surgery, chronic irritation from recurrent urinary tract infections, or stones. The immunohistochemistry profile of nephrogenic adenomas in our study also provides evidence that these are derived from distal renal tubular cells. In difficult cases, an immunohistochemical panel consisting of cytokeratin 7, PAX-2, PAX-8, and MUC-1 may be useful.
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PMID:Nephrogenic adenomas in pediatric patients: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 21 cases. 2359 51