Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 24 patients with endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas were clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically studied. They consisted of 18 patients with adenoma and 6 with carcinoma. Of the 24 patients, 13 developed attacks of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinemia, and 1 developed an uncontrollable duodenal ulcer caused by the hypersecretion of gastrin, however, the remaining 10 were asymptomatic. No prediction could be made as to the site of origin of the tumors. A clear difference was seen between adenoma and carcinoma in the size of the mass, the mean greatest diameter of the 18 adenoma cases being 1.7 cm, while that of the 6 carcinoma cases was 7.3 cm. One of the 13 insulinomas and a gastrinoma was malignant, while all 24 tumors were positive for neuron-specific enolase. The 13 insulinomas were diffusely positive for insulin and 5 were also shown to be focally immunoreactive for gastrin, with 3 also being immunoreactive for somatostatin and 2 for pancreatic polypeptide. The gastrinoma showed immunoreactivity for somatostatin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon in addition to a positivity to gastrin. The above findings thus indicate the multiple hormone synthesis of endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas.
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PMID:Endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic study of 24 cases and immunohistochemical remarks. 139 40

Progressive unilateral sensorineural deafness and tinnitus developed in a 59-year-old woman over a 1-year period. Clinical examination showed a tumor mass which almost completely filled the tympanic cavity, and grew around the auditory ossicular chain. Histological findings revealed the tumor to be a primary carcinoid of the middle ear. Neuro-endocrine differentiation was confirmed immunohistochemically by positivity for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, pancreatic polypeptide and synaptophysin. Using electron microscopy, neuroendocrine granules could be visualized. In addition, both light and electron microscopy revealed that cells had an epithelial differentiation with mucin granules while immunohistochemistry showed a positivity for cytokeratins. The detection of intermediary filaments (immunohistochemically with vimentin and under electron microscopy) was unique to this neoplasm and has to be considered in distinguishing the carcinoid tumor from the papillary adenoma of the middle ear. Tumor prognosis is excellent with radical extirpation from the middle ear. In the case presented, there has been no evidence for either recurrence or metastases 10 months after surgical resection.
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PMID:[Carcinoid of the middle ear: a rare tumor with biphasic differentiation. Case report with special reference to immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy]. 142 31

Cytokine effects on permanent cell lines of transformed mouse pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells were compared. The beta-tumor cell 1 (beta TC1) line (from an adenoma created in transgenic mice expressing the SV40 large T-antigen oncogene under control of the rat insulin II promoter) produced insulin predominantly, although small quantities of intracellular glucagon (100:1 insulin to glucagon) were detectable by radioimmunoassay. The alpha TC1 line (from an adenoma created in transgenic mice expressing the SV40 large T-antigen oncogene under control of the rat preproglucagon promoter) produced not only glucagon but also considerable quantities of insulin (4:1 glucagon to insulin) and preproinsulin mRNA. We therefore cloned alpha TC1 cells and obtained 12 glucagon-producing clonal cell lines that did not produce levels of insulin detectable by radioimmunoassay. Analysis by Northern blotting of total RNA from two lines, alpha TC1 clones 6 and 9, confirmed the absence of preproinsulin mRNA. No somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide was detected by immunohistochemical staining in alpha TC1 clones 6 or 9 or beta TC1 cells. Rat recombinant gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma; 5-250 U/ml) or mouse recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1; 1-25 U/ml) individually inhibited DNA synthesis in beta TC1 cells after 3 days of treatment. The two cytokines in combination acted synergistically to further depress DNA synthesis and increase cytotoxicity. In contrast, alpha TC1 clone 9 cells were not sensitive to inhibition of DNA synthesis by each cytokine individually, although glucagon synthesis was inhibited. The combination of these cytokines caused marked inhibition of DNA and glucagon syntheses in alpha TC1 clone 9 cells. alpha TC1 clone 9 cells were somewhat more resistant to the cytotoxic action of the combined cytokines than were beta TC1 cells. Incubation with 50 U/ml IFN-gamma induced class II MHC molecules (I-Ab, I-Ad, and I-Ed) and enhanced the constitutive expression of class I molecules (H-2Kb and H-2Kd) on the cell surfaces of beta TC1, uncloned alpha TC1, and alpha TC1 clones 6 and 9. Thus, these cell lines are heterozygous for MHC alleles derived from both parental strains used in the construction of the transgenic mice [C57BL/6J (H-2b) and DBA/2J (H-2d)]. Class II gene transcription induced by IFN-gamma was confirmed in beta TC1 and alpha TC1 clone 9 cells by Northern blot analysis with A alpha-, A beta-, E alpha, and E beta-DNA probes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of cytokine effects on mouse pancreatic alpha-cell and beta-cell lines. Viability, secretory function, and MHC antigen expression. 210 69

The diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) in patients with presumed hyperparathyroidism has important ramifications for patient management especially since as many as 20% of patients with hyperparathyroidism may have associated MEN. Gut hormone levels were measured before and after surgery in 28 patients who underwent resection of a single parathyroid adenoma for biochemical or clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism. The mean serum calcium level was 11.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl before surgery and 9.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl after surgery (p less than 0.001). Two or more hormone levels were elevated in 32% of patients before surgery and 21% after surgery. The same hormone abnormalities (pancreatic polypeptide [PP] and gastrin) occurred 56% of the time. Of elevated preoperative levels of PP, 91% were in the normal range after surgery. In patients with elevated preoperative PP levels, the postoperative level of PP decreased by an average of 64% of the preoperative level. In 27% of patients the level increased more than double the preoperative value. In two of four patients with high levels of PP after surgery the serum calcium level failed to fall. Of 18 patients whose PP levels fell, 17 had a fall in serum calcium levels. Of six patients whose PP levels rose, four had a significant fall in calcium levels. There was no correlation between the absolute levels or the decremental change of calcium and the change in PP. Several abnormalities in gut hormone secretion occur in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and a parathyroid adenoma. An elevated serum level of PP does not signify MEN syndrome and must be reevaluated after resection of the parathyroid adenoma. Failure of adequate tumor resection is attended by persistent elevation of serum calcium and PP levels.
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PMID:Hyperparathyroidism and gastroenteropancreatic hormone levels. 241 70

We reported a case of sporadic multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, with multiple insulinoma, parathyroid adenoma, and pituitary tumor. Measurement of hormone contents and immunohistochemical studies of the pancreatic tumors showed that the tumors contained insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Furthermore, the concentrations of these hormones were different in each tumor. Insulin extracted from the pancreatic tumors analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed no structural abnormalities. On the other hand, in gel filtration evaluation of the extract of the parathyroid adenoma, it was found that the tumor extract contained a macromolecular parathyroid hormone (molecular weight 20,000 to 25,000).
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PMID:A case of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1; the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of its tumors and the analysis of hormones in tumor extracts. 256 30

We sought an explanation for prior findings of high plasma chromogranin-A (Chr-A) in primary hyperparathyroidism. Chr-A was measured in plasma samples from 55 controls and 73 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by adenoma (n = 14), sporadic or familial hyperplasia (n = 10), or familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (FMEN1; n = 49). Serum or plasma samples were also tested for calcium, PTH, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, CG alpha, and PRL. Plasma Chr-A was 34 +/- 10 in parathyroid adenoma, 55 +/- 33 in parathyroid hyperplasia without FMEN1, 63 +/- 88 in FMEN1, and 25 +/- 8 in controls (mean +/- SD; nanograms per ml; FMEN1 or parathyroid hyperplasia vs. control, P less than 0.05). Plasma Chr-A did not correlate with other hormonal variables in controls. Plasma Chr-A correlated with log serum gastrin (r = 0.43; P = 0.003) and plasma PTH (r = 0.52; P less than 0.05) only in FMEN1. In FMEN1, plasma Chr-A was highest in subjects with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES, 120 +/- 127; no ZES, 30 +/- 33 (P less than 0.0001). Parathyroidectomy did not decrease plasma Chr-A in patients with parathyroid adenoma or parathyroid hyperplasia. For FMEN1 patients with available pre- and postparathyroidectomy samples, Chr-A decreased postoperatively in four of five patients with ZES compared to none of six patients without ZES (P less than 0.05). Elevated plasma Chr-A is not a general feature of primary hyperparathyroidism. Elevated plasma Chr-A in primary hyperparathyroidism was restricted principally to patients who also had ZES. Primary hyperparathyroidism may influence the level of Chr-A by an effect of hypercalcemia or elevated PTH on Chr-A secretion from pancreatic islet tissue.
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PMID:Plasma chromogranin-A in primary hyperparathyroidism. 257 19

Examples of mucinous tumors from retroperitoneum (2) and pancreas (1) were studied. These tumors share many morphological similarities with ovarian mucinous tumour and adenoma malignum of uterine cervix. They have a similar spectrum of endocrine cells; serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide cells were characterized. In nonproliferative areas was found a well-differentiated mucinous columnar epithelium with scarce endocrine cell. In more proliferative areas were found either a mucinous columnar lining with infolds and secondary glands or a less well-differentiated intestinal-type epithelium with papillary formations; both linings were well supplied in endocrine cells.
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PMID:[Retroperitoneal and pancreatic mucinous tumors. Immunohistochemical study]. 286 27

The association of parathyroid abnormalities with apudomas prompted us to examine parathyroid tissues for the presence of neuron-specific enolase and somatostatin. Enolase was present in extracts of 29 out of 29 parathyroid specimens; tissue content was significantly higher in adenoma than in hyperplasia tissues (p less than 0.005). Somatostatin was present in 14 of 33 specimens. Immunoreactive somatostatin measured in tissue extracts' fluids coeluted on Sephacryl chromatography along with synthetic somatostatin-14 in studies of two parathyroid carcinoma specimens. Since neuron-specific enolase has been found only in neural and neuroendocrine cells, our results suggest that human parathyroid glands may contain neuroendocrine elements. The differential content of neuron-specific enolase in adenoma versus hyperplasia specimens may be diagnostically useful in selected cases. The significance of the presence of somatostatin in some but not all parathyroid tumors requires further investigation. Taken together with our prior findings of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in some human parathyroid glands, we postulate that human parathyroid tumors contain neural crest elements.
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PMID:Presence of neuron-specific enolase and somatostatin in human parathyroid tissues. 286 89

A case of multiple nonfunctional pancreatic islet cell tumor in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I) is reported. The patient was a 41-year-old woman who had a past history of thyroid cancer (papillary carcinoma) and hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma. Later, a nonfunctional pituitary tumor and five nonfunctional pancreatic tumors were found simultaneously and the patient was finally diagnosed as having MEN I. Following surgical enucleation, the pancreatic tumors were histopathologically diagnosed as benign islet cell tumors. One of them (tumor 3) exhibited a solid nodular pattern while the others showed gyriform patterns. They were divided histochemically and immunohistochemically into three types: two (tumors 1 and 2) produced a single hormone (glucagon), one (tumor 3) produced five (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide) and the remaining two (tumors 4 and 5) produced two (glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide). Electron microscopically, three types of endosecretory granules were found in the tumor cells of tumor 3 but only one type was found in tumor 4. However, in the tumor 4 extract, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, C-peptide, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and growth hormone releasing factor were detected by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest that these pancreatic tumors were both multicellular and multihormonal.
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PMID:Multiple nonfunctional pancreatic islet cell tumor in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. A case report. 290 67

Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear are rare, with only three previously reported cases. The authors report the light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of two carcinoid tumors that occurred in a 34-year-old female and a 21-year-old male. Both presented with unilateral hearing loss. By light microscopic examination, both were characterized by trabecula of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and no mitotic activity. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated large numbers of pleomorphic neurosecretory granules, perinuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell junctions, and surface microvillous processes. Some cells contained intermediate filaments forming tonofilaments and lacked secretory granules. These cells stained for cytokeratin by immunoperoxidase and separated the neuroendocrine cells from the underlying basal lamina. The cells in this tumor stained for the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide. Cells in both tumors also stained for pancreatic polypeptide. Neither case stained for lysozyme, insulin, glucagon, somatastatin, gastrin, substance P, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, neurotensin, Bombesin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolose, glial and neural filaments, S-100 protein, cholecystokinin, beta-endorphin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prolactin or calcitonin. Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear can be distinguished from paraganglioma and middle ear adenoma.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear. 357 33


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