Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum and post-microsomal supernatants of human lymphocyte, erythrocyte, skeletal muscle and parathyroid adenoma homogenates were examined for specific binding of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) and 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3). Muscle, lymphocytes and parathyroid adenomata extracts contained a 6-S 25-OHD3-binding protein which was not found in erythrocyte extracts, and which was distinct from the smaller serum transport alpha-globulin. A cathodal, 1, 25-(OH)2D3-binding protein, which sedimented at 3-4 S was also detected in parathyroid tissue. These observations suggest the possibility of direct physiologic interaction between vitamin D metabolites and nucleated human tissues other than intestine and bone.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin D metabolite-binding proteins in human tissue. 99 Feb 80

As a result of examination of whole tissue and subcellular structures of the human thyroid gland there was revealed an increase in the nucleic acid content in the whole tissue, nuclei and the RNA in the microsomal fractions--in toxic goiter, adenoma of the thyroid gland, and strumitis. The content of nucleic acids in the mitochondria increased only in strumitis. Nucleic acid level changed but little in the whole tissue and subcellular structures in nontoxic goiter.
 ...
PMID:[The concentration of nucleic acids in the subcellular structures of the thyroid gland in several of its diseases]. 117 62

The effects of Ca and other agents on secretion of plasminogen activator (PA) and PTH have been examined and compared, using parathyroid cells obtained from the glands of chronic renal patients. During 2 weeks culture at different [Ca], the secretory rates of PA activity and PTH were parallel; steady-state secretion over 24-h periods was maximal at 0.5-0.9 mM Ca, minimal at 1.5-2.5 mM Ca, and the [Ca] at 50% suppression was 1.1 mM. At 2.5 mM Ca, two inhibitors of cellular proteolysis, 3-methyladenine and chloroquine, stimulated secretion of both PA activity and PTH. The results indicated that secretion of PA from human parathyroid cells is regulated similarly to that of PTH. The characteristics of human parathyroid PA were also examined using human parathyroid adenoma tissue. In homogenates, the highest specific activity of PA was in microsomal fractions. The Mr of PA from tissue and from culture media was 70 kilodalton by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis followed by zymography, or by Western blotting using antisera to human tissue PA (tPA). Enzyme activity was inhibited by incubation with antisera to tPA but not to urokinase. In contrast to bovine parathyroid cells that secrete a urokinase, human parathyroids apparently contain and secrete tPA.
 ...
PMID:Calcium-regulated secretion of tissue plasminogen activator and parathyroid hormone from human parathyroid cells. 173 Aug 6

An attempt was made to classify 326 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and due to autonomous goiter in an area of endemic iodine deficient goiter using the following two sets of criteria: Primary criteria: the presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy (Graves' disease) and the absence of endocrine ophthalmopathy and the absence of microsomal antibodies greater than or equal to 1:1600 (autonomous goiter). Sixty-nine percent of the patients could be divided in the two groups with the aid of these criteria. Secondary criteria: age greater than 50 years, presence of a goiter, presence of thyroid nodules, activity distribution in the scan, iodine intake determined by iodine excretion in the urine. These criteria had to be applied in the 31% of the patients who could not be divided into one of the two groups using the primary criteria. The secondary criteria were accumulative. Using these criteria 55% of the 326 patients were classified as having Graves' disease and 45% as having autonomous goiter. The probability of correct grouping when both primary and secondary criteria were applied was estimated to be 90% compared to 54% when we used only the classical terms, i.e. endocrine ophthalmopathy and diffuse goiter on the one hand and multinodular goiter without endocrine ophthalmopathy on the other hand. In a second group of 120 hyperthyroid patients classified in this way, thyrotropin displacing activity was determined independently. Its prevalence was 79% in patients classified as having Graves' disease but only 3% in those classified as having autonomous goiter. The prevalence of TDA observed in patients who presumably had autonomous goiter was in the same range as in the following groups: 45 normal individuals; 126 patients with euthyroid goiter; and in 112 patients with euthyroid and hyperthyroid autonomous adenoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and due to autonomous goiter. 384 Nov 36

Molecular characteristics of androgenic nuclear receptors of the human prostate adenoma have been detected. Stokes radius is 2.3 nm, sedimentation coefficient in the medium with 0.4 M KCl is 3.1 S, mol. w. 31.500 dalton, friction ratio is 1.1. The receptors were mainly localized in the nuclear, rather than in the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions. Comparative studies of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding in cytosol of the human prostate adenoma and in the blood serum were performed. The investigation of (NH4)2SO4 salting out, thermal stability, the state during chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and sephadex S-100 has shown that DHT is bound in cytosol preferentially and/or exclusively with protein, identical to testosterone-estradiol-binding blood globulin. It is not recommended that the quantitative control of cytosol DHT receptors be used for diagnostic purposes.
 ...
PMID:[Dihydrotestosterone-binding characteristics in human prostatic adenoma]. 618 57

A simple solid-phase radiometric assay for the measurement of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgRA) was developed and evaluated. The assay is semiquantitative, and the results were expressed as a ratio between sample versus negative control (normal human serum). In 59 normal subjects, the mean ratio was 0.93 +/- (SD) 0.34. Thyroglobulin antibodies by radiometric assay, by hemagglutination (TgHA), as well as microsomal antibodies by hemagglutination (MCHA) were measured in 41 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 22), adenomatous goiter (n = 10), carcinoma (n = 5), adenoma (n = 4), and in 59 patients without histopathologic diagnosis of thyroid disease. In patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, TgRA, TgHA, and MCHA were positive in 54, 31, and 81% of patients, respectively. 1 patient had positive TgRA with negative MCHA levels, and 2 had negative antibody titers by all methods. Thyrotropin-stimulating hormone levels were elevated (greater than 10 microU/ml) in 17 of these patients. Our results suggest that although the TgRA method is more sensitive than TgHA for detecting thyroglobulin antibodies, its diagnostic sensitivity is not equal to that of MCHA.
 ...
PMID:A simple semiquantitative radiometric measurement of antithyroglobulin antibodies in human serum. Comparison with hemagglutination method. 654 26

1. The transverse localization of palmitoyl-CoA : lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in the membrane of microsomal vesicles isolated from mouse lung adenomas and rat liver was studied by treating intact and deoxycholate-disrupted microsomes with trypsin and pronase. 2. The latency of mannose-6-phosphatase was preserved during protease treatment, suggesting that membrane integrity was not affected. 3. In adenoma microsomes 35-50% and in liver microsomes 35% of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity is accessible to the action of the proteases. Our results suggest that at least a sizable portion of the active center of the enzyme that is responsible for remodeling phospholipids is embedded in the membrane interior. 4. Since enzymes involved in de novo lipid synthesis are reported to be located at the cytoplasmic surface of the microsomal membrane, our results support the notion that in lipid metabolism distinct metabolic pools might exist at opposite sides of the microsomal membrane.
 ...
PMID:Transmembrane orientation of palmitoyl-CoA: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase in microsomes isolated from an alveolar type II cell adenoma and rat liver. 732 57

A covering letter and a questionnaire covering the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in childhood was circulated between October 1992 and February 1993 amongst 672 European members of the European Thyroid Association (ETA) and members of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE). Almost 50% replied to the letter and 99 individuals or groups from 22 countries completed the questionnaire. A consensus was reached on the use of total thyroxine (T4) and/or free T4 and thyrotropin as routine diagnostic tools. Two-thirds included total triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free T3 and 32% used a thyrotropin-releasing hormone test. Surprisingly, thyroglobulin autoantibodies were used as a routine test by 78%; 63% included thyrotropin receptor antibodies and 60% microsomal antibodies, whereas only 50% measured thyroperoxidase antibodies. For thyroid imaging, 40% performed a thyroid scintigram and 56% measured the size of the thyroid gland by ultrasound. Antithyroid drugs (ATD) were the basic initial treatment of choice given by 99% of the respondents for children with uncomplicated Graves' disease. Carbimazole, methimazole and thiamazole were the most frequently used drugs, with a median initial dose of 0.8 mg.kg-1.day-1. Two-thirds added beta-blockers and a few used sedatives. The ATD dose was adjusted for each patient by 39%, whereas 56% combined ATD with T4 for long-term treatment; 84% gave treatment for a fixed period (44% for 1-2 years). Surgery was considered the treatment of choice in children with an adenoma (83%), with a nodular (53%) or large goiter (16%) and recurrence after ATD (14%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in childhood. A European questionnaire study. 795 57

The production of adrenal androgens can be modulated by the activities of steroidogenic enzymes and by the electron transfer system, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (Red) and cytochrome b5 (b5), both of which have been shown to increase 17,20-lyase activity in vitro. To clarify the mechanism of diminished secretion of adrenal androgens in patients with adrenocortical adenoma and Cushing's syndrome and of excess secretion in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma, we investigated the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P45017 alpha, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD), and Red as well as the content of b5 in five adenomas, three carcinomas, and two normal adrenal glands. An in vitro enzyme assay using a microsomal fraction of the tissues indicated that all the tumors had almost the same degree of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activities as the normal adrenals. However, the relative activity ratio of 17,20-lyase to 17 alpha-hydroxylase of the three adenomas was markedly diminished, and 3 beta-HSD activity was apparently lower in the three carcinomas. The messenger RNA concentrations of P45017 alpha were similar in all tumors, whereas those of 3 beta-HSD were markedly lower in the carcinomas than in other tissues. Both the content of b5 and the activity of Red were significantly lower in the adenomas. These results suggest that low concentrations of adrenal androgens in patients with adrenocortical adenomas are mainly due to low 17,20-lyase activity, which may be explained in part by a lower content of b5 and Red. In addition, high concentrations of adrenal androgens in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma are mainly due to the diminished activity of 3 beta-HSD.
 ...
PMID:Mechanism of abnormal production of adrenal androgens in patients with adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. 828 10

TPO is a major antigen corresponding to thyroid-microsomal autoantibodies. Anti-TPO autoantibodies are very important to diagnose autoimmune thyroid disease and to estimate its clinical course. An EIA for measuring anti-TPO autoantibodies (rhTPO-EIA) was developed using recombinant human TPO expressed in CHO cells and was compared with MCHA generally used in routine laboratory work. Sera from patients with various disorders were measured for their anti-TPO autoantibodies. Chronic thyroiditis and Graves' disease were highly positive, while thyroid cancer, adenoma, SLE, and RA were low in their positivity. The positive rate of anti-TPO autoantibodies were compatible with those of previous reports of each disorder. In the comparison between rhTPO-EIA and MCHA, the correlation coefficient was 0.486. Following absorption with thyroglobulin, sera were measured again and as a result, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.723. Therefore, MCHA was thought to be influenced in the presence of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies. The characteristics of TPO antigen and anti-TPO autoantibodies were also summarized.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical application of recombinant thyroid peroxidase]. 829 53


1 2 Next >>