Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of the GSTM1 0 polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus has been determined in controls and patients with pituitary adenomas by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify genomic DNA in the exon 4-5 region of the gene. The frequency of the genotype in patients with prolactinomas, non-functional adenomas, corticotrophinomas and somatotrophinomas varied between 52-67% compared with 44% in the controls. In the patients with prolactinomas the frequency of the genotype (67%) was significantly greater than in controls with odds ratio analysis indicating that GSTM1 0 individuals have a 2.56-fold greater risk of developing this adenoma.
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PMID:The glutathione S-transferases: polymerase chain reaction studies on the frequency of the GSTM1 0 genotype in patients with pituitary adenomas. 847 15

The recent cloning of the ACTH receptor (ACTH-R) gene allows investigation of the tissue localization and relative abundance of ACTH-R mRNA in normal and neoplastic adrenal cortex. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) we studied the expression of ACTH-R mRNA in four adult adrenals of brain-dead patients, two cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA), three aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), one non-functional adenoma (NFA), and three carcinomas. The results were compared with the mRNA expression of key steroidogenic enzymes and of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA using Northern blotting. In adult adrenals, messenger RNA encoding ACTH-R was localized in all three zones of the adrenal cortex, in accordance with the stimulatory role of ACTH on mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid and adrenal androgen secretion. In comparison, expression of side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) showed a similar tissue distribution with mRNA abundance in all three zones, whereas 17-hydroxylase/17-20 lyase (P450c17) mRNA expression was only detected in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. All CPAs and APAs expressed significant levels of ACTH-R mRNA whereas an NFA showed low expression of ACTH-R mRNA. Two of three adrenocortical carcinomas expressed ACTH-R mRNA. Northern analysis using dot blot was employed to quantify ACTH-R and GR mRNA expression and confirmed the ISH data: ACTH-R mRNA expression was high in CPAs (275 and 195% vs 100 +/- 25% in adult adrenals), APAs (127, 200 and 221%) and two carcinomas (99 and 132%), but low in the NFA (7%) and in an androgen secreting carcinoma (16%). GR mRNA expression was high in the NFA (195%) and in two of three carcinomas (93, 188, 227%). We conclude that ACTH-R mRNA is upregulated in functional adenomas by yet unidentified mechanisms. The tissue distribution of ACTH-R and P450 enzyme mRNA expression is highly variable in neoplastic adrenals and does not allow a clear differentiation between benign and malignant tumors.
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PMID:Localization and expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor mRNA in normal and neoplastic human adrenal cortex. 958 97

We experienced that two lung cancer patients who had been considered to be potentially resectable were preoperatively pointed out enlarged adrenal glands. Therapeutically, discrimination between benign and malignant adrenal mass lesion is an important problem. Case 1: After a 3 course neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a 50-year-old man had a left adrenalectomy, which revealed non-functional adenoma. One month later, a left lower lobectomy for T3N2 adenocarcinoma was performed. Case 2: A 64-year-old man had a right upper lobectomy for T2N0 adenocarcinoma, firstly. Two months later, a left adrenalectomy was done because a rapid growth and lumbago, which revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma originating from the lung. The patient died of brain and stomach metastases 4 months postoperatively.
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PMID:[Primary lung cancer with solitary adrenal tumor]. 1031 37

From June 1986 to September 1996, 56(30%) patients with invasive pituitary macroadenoma were studied retrospectively. We compared the clinical and endocrinological characteristics, neuroimaging findings, and surgical outcome of these patients in a period of follow up of 5 years. Twenty-one patients (38%) were found to have a prolactinoma, 8 patients (14%) had a GH-producing adenoma, and 27 patients (48%) had non-functional tumors. Pituitary apoplexy was found in 16 cases (29%). Their age ranged from 15 to 72 years and no sex difference (F:M = 27:29) was found. According to Hardy's classification, all the 56 tumors were invasive pituitary macroadenoma, of a tumor size more than 10 mm with sellar floor erosion partially or diffusely or paracarvenous sinus invasion. Those tumors were divided into grade III (tumor causing localized perforation of the sellar floor), and IV (tumor destroying entire sellar floor diffusely); the tumors were further subdivided into stage C (3rd ventricle grossly displaced), D (intracranial intradural extension) and E (tumors invading the cavernous sinus through the lateral dural envelope of the sellar). Eight out of 56 tumors belonged to grade III stage C, 18 tumors were grade III stage D, 8 tumors were grade IV stage D, and the other 22 were grade IV stage E. Fifty-one patients received transsphenoidal craniectomy for tumor removal, one patient took subfrontal craniotomy only and 4 cases received both. Most patients improved significantly in visual field and general quality of life after surgery. In this study, it was concluded that: 1) surgical intervention as quick as possible was proven advantageous, especially in patients with an invasive macroadenoma; 2) in cases with invasive pituitary macroadenomas, the patients, with grade III and IV tumors, had a longer symptom-free interval than those who refused surgical intervention and radiotherapy with the same grade tumor; 3) to achieve satisfactory late results, multidisciplinary treatment was necessary: post-operative radiotherapy ranging from 4500 to 6500 rads was done in 50 patients, endocrine therapy in 52 patients and adjunct bromocriptine treatment was done in 13 patients with prolactinomas; 4) symptomatic recurrence or elevated postoperative hormone levels occurred in 20(35%) cases. There was a high incidence of recurrence in 6(6/20) GH-secreting tumors, and in 8(8/20) prolactinomas with preoperative prolactin levels more than 200 eta g/dl.
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PMID:Follow-up of invasive pituitary macroadenoma in 56 patients within a duration of 5 years. 1107 92

Although parathyroid cysts are rarely described in the literature, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cysts occurring in the anterior compartment of the neck. We report two cases. The presence of elevated parahormone in the clear fluid aspirate is the diagnostic criterion. Parathyroid cysts may be functional, probably resulting from cystic formation of a parathyroid adenoma, or non function with their own epithelial lining, probably arising from remnants of the pharyngeal pouch or Kursteiner's canal. Search for both hypercalcemia and hypophosphoremia are needed. Fine needle aspiration provides the diagnosis and is also the treatment of choice for non-functional parathyroid cysts. Aspiration of functional cysts can reduce the hormone level to normal prior to surgical removal.
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PMID:[Parathyroid cysts: reprot of 2 cases and review of the literature]. 1114 45

A 45-year-old man underwent surgery for a silent corticotroph-cell pituitary adenoma which developed in 9 months. The tumor was termed silent because it exhibited increased corticotropic secretion without clinical signs of hypercorticism. This classes it as a non-functional adenoma. The non-functional group includes different types of adenomas such as gonadotroph and other silent thyreotroph and somatotroph adenomas with variable proliferative potential. Silent corticotroph-cell adenoma is considered as an aggressive tumor. In contrast, gonadotroph adenomas usually grow slowly and postoperative tumor remnants can remain stable for years. Because of this variability in tumor growth, the therapeutic decision is difficult if there is a postoperative remnant. No precise guidelines can be established. We suggest that non-functional pituitary adenomas should be considered separately, according to the histological type. This classification is essential for improving knowledge and specifying indications for radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Should silent corticotroph-cell adenoma be classified as a non-functional pituitary adenoma?]. 1140 83

Hyponatremia can result from a wide range of causes. While hyponatremia is known to occur in patients with hypopituitarism, severe hyponatremia occurring as the presenting feature of hypopituitarism is very rare. We present two cases in which severe hyponatremia developed with weakness, light-headedness and seizure. The hyponatremia in these 2 cases mimicked the laboratory diagnostic criteria of a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). However, the hormone studies displayed hypopituitarism. Hyponatremia was completely corrected after administering a supplement of prednisolone and L-thyroxine. Computerized tomography of the brain revealed an adenoma of the pituitary gland. These two cases illustrate that severe hyponatremia may be the presenting feature of clinically non-functional pituitary adenoma with hypopituitarism, which should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia mimicking SIADH.
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PMID:Severe hyponatremia as the presenting feature of clinically non-functional pituitary adenoma with hypopituitarism. 1183 7

We report a case of non-functional adrenocortical adenoma of 5.5 x 5.5 x 3.2 cm in size that had an unusual histopathological appearance in two respects. First, the tumor contained small adipose foci with osteogenesis and was suspected of being a myelolipoma based on its appearance on computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. However, pathologically, the fat element was seen focally and was not accompanied by hematopoietic cells, and the diagnosis of myelolipoma was abandoned. Second, the tumor was suspected of being an adrenal carcinoma based on its appearance on CT scans and showed extensive degeneration: fibrosis, hemorrhage, loss of parenchyma and moderate atypism of the tumor cells. However, as the architecture of the tumor cells was non-diffuse and there were no necrotic foci or mitoses, and vascular or capsular invasion were not present, the tumor was concluded to be an adrenocortical adenoma rather than a carcinoma. We diagnosed the tumor as a non-functional adrenocortical adenoma with extensive degeneration as the extensive areas of fibrosis were particularly remarkable. Furthermore, the extensive areas of degeneration might have been caused not only by an ischemic effect but also by low hormone levels.
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PMID:Non-functional adrenocortical adenoma with extensive degeneration. 1267 69

Loss of function of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor gene through truncating mutations or other means is an early event in most colo-rectal cancer (CRC). The APC gene encodes a large multifunctional protein that plays key roles in several cellular processes, including the wnt signalling pathway where an intact APC protein is essential for down regulation of beta-catenin. The APC protein also plays a role in regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and chromosomal stability during mitosis. Acquisition of a non-functional APC gene can occur by inheritance (in the disease familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)) or by a sporadic event in a somatic cell. Whilst there is strong epidemiological evidence that variation in diet is a major determinant of variation in CRC incidence, conventional adenoma recurrence trials in sporadic cases of the disease have been relatively unsuccessful in identifying potentially protective food components. Since the genetic basis of CRC in FAP and in sporadic CRC is similar, intervention trials in FAP gene carriers provide an attractive strategy for investigation of potential chemo-preventive agents, since smaller numbers of subjects and shorter time frames are needed. The Concerted Action Polyp Prevention (CAPP) 1 Study is using a 2 x 2 factorial design to test the efficacy of resistant starch (30 g raw potato starch-Hylon VII (1:1, w/w)/d) and aspirin (600 mg/d) in suppressing colo-rectal adenoma formation in young subjects with FAP. Biopsies of macroscopically-normal rectal mucosa are also being collected for assay of putative biomarkers of CRC risk.
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PMID:Can resistant starch and/or aspirin prevent the development of colonic neoplasia? The Concerted Action Polyp Prevention (CAPP) 1 Study. 1274 57

Adrenal incidentaloma is defined as clinically inapparent adrenal mass identified at abdominal imagine undertaken for health screening or examination of unrelated diseases. Recent national Survey by Research Committee of Japanese Ministry of Health and Labor revealed 2,016 cases of adrenal incidentaloma in year 1999. Analysis of 2,626 cases including additional new cases indicate 51% was non-functional adrenocortical adenoma, cortisol producing adenoma 8.9%, pheochromocytoma 8.5%, aldosteronoma 4.2%, adrenal cancer 1.4%. Cut of point for cancer was estimated at 5 cm. 1 mg dexamethasone test and circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion evaluation may be necessary for exclusion of clinically inapparent cortisol producing adrenal adenoma known as preclinical Cushing's syndrome. Clinical aspect and management of adrenal incidentaloma was briefly reviewed based on this national report.
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PMID:[Clinical aspect of adrenal incidentaloma]. 1514 20


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