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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 73-year-old man with a papillary adenoma located in the distal common bile duct is reported. He underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. The lesion in the common bile duct featured papillary proliferation of the epithelium and fibrous elements with diffuse infiltration by inflammatory cells. Positive staining for MIB-1 (Ki-67) and p53 was identified in the nuclei of the proliferative epithelium. These findings suggested the malignant potential of this lesion. Further progress in imaging diagnostic techniques should increase the frequency with which such lesions are discovered. Even now, if mural irregularities and defects are found in the extrahepatic biliary system, especially the distal common bile duct, the possibility of such borderline biliary adenoma should be taken into consideration when making a diagnosis.
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PMID:Papillary adenoma of the distal common bile duct. 1045 91

The cytological nature and proliferative activity of bizarre neoplastic cells, widely scattered in pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland origin were studied. Pleomorphic adenomas containing numerous bizarre neoplastic cells were found in four cases, and were equal to 2.9% of all pleomorphic adenomas examined. All four cases presented as well-circumscribed, firm masses measuring less than 1.5 cm in size, located in the palate, and were of 7 months to 4 years duration. Histopathologically, these pleomorphic adenomas were cell rich type, and were well demarcated from surrounding tissues, although their fibrous capsules were partially defective. In addition to characteristic histopathological findings of pleomorphic adenoma, numerous neoplastic cells with bizarre appearance were scattered throughout the lesion, excepting for tubuloductal structures. These bizarre neoplastic cells had irregular-shaped and large nuclei with or without hyperchromatism, although their nucleoli were small and mitotic figures were few. Furthermore, there were many multinucleated giant cells, some of which showed multilobulated nuclei. Neither necrosis nor infarct was seen in the tumors. Immunohistochemically, bizarre neoplastic cells scattered in solid-proliferating areas and myxoid areas were neoplastic myoepithelial cells in nature. There was no statistical significance of MIB-1 labeling indices between pleomorphic adenomas with bizarre neoplastic cells and usual pleomorphic adenomas. The p53 labeling indices were quite low. Although the benign nature of pleomorphic adenomas with numerous bizarre neoplastic cells and hypercellularity, distinguishing such pleomorphic adenomas from various stages of malignant transformation in pleomorphic adenomas and other carcinomas should be made by histological section of submitted biopsy specimen or aspirated content for cytological diagnosis. The present paper suggests that the term 'bizarre cell pleomorphic adenoma' is an appropriate name for this neoplasm, in that it is distinguished from the usual benign pleomorphic adenoma which is easily diagnosed by routinely prepared histological or cytological stainings.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of bizarre neoplastic cells in pleomorphic adenoma: its cytological nature and proliferative activity. 1059 46

Epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the thyroid gland still pose many diagnostic problems, despite considerable progress in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Especially borderline lesions are difficult to differentiate. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic value and compare the number of AgNORs and MIB-1 expression in thyreocytes from various pathological thyroid changes with special emphasis on borderline lesions (hyperplastic nodule-adenoma-follicular carcinoma). Material included 83 sections from 72 thyroid glands (55 women, 17 men, and mean age 45). According to histological examination the sections were divided into 7 groups: parenchymal goiter, nodular goiter, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, oxyphilic carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Statistical analysis of the results revealed a significant correlation between the values of the number of AgNORs or MIB-1 proliferation index and neoplasm malignancy grade as well as a correlation between the number of AgNORs and MIB-1 proliferation index. The results demonstrated that both the number of AgNORs and the proliferative activity marker MIB-1 may be an additional diagnostic criterion in differential diagnosis of borderline thyroid lesions (each feature separately, but better effects are obtained when considering both).
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PMID:Evaluation of MIB-1 immunoreactivity and nucleolar organizer regions in nonneoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions. 1062 14

The monoclonal MIB-1 antibody reacts with the nuclei of cells in the late G1, S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle. Previously, we found two cases of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma that showed cell membrane and cytoplasmic immunopositivity for the antibody. The purpose of this investigation was to confirm this exceptional reactive pattern of MIB-1 in hyalinizing trabecular adenoma. For the study, we collected 13 additional hyalinizing trabecular adenomas and stained a total of 15 tumors using MIB-1 antibody. Ten cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma were studied similarly. All hyalinizing trabecular adenomas showed strong positivity for the antibody in 90% or more of the tumor cells, localized especially to the cell membrane and also to the cytoplasm. There was no cell membrane or cytoplasmic MIB-1 positivity among the 10 papillary carcinomas. Luminal border of normal extratumoral thyroid follicles rarely showed faint immunopositivity. Our findings indicate that strong cell membrane and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for MIB-1 is a characteristic of the hyalinizing trabecular adenoma. Staining for MIB-1 will be useful in differentiating hyalinizing trabecular adenoma from papillary carcinoma, which shares a number of cytologic and histologic findings with hyalinizing trabecular adenoma.
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PMID:Cell membrane and cytoplasmic staining for MIB-1 in hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland. 1075 6

Pediatric pituitary adenomas are thought to behave more aggressively than their adult counterparts, and the ability to predict the degree of such behavior remains elusive. Proliferation marker Ki-67 and tumor suppressor gene p53 mutations have been used in adults to assist in the evaluation of invasiveness and recurrence; however, their use in childhood and adolescence remains anecdotal. Our study evaluates the proliferative potential in pituitary adenomas of five patients and its relationship with recurrence or persistence of endocrinologic or clinical abnormalities. For such assessment, tissues were stained with monoclonal antibodies BP53-12 forp53 tumor suppressor gene mutation and MIB-1, which binds to cell cycle-specific nuclear antigen Ki-67. In our series, one patient with recurrent adenoma demonstrated the highest (50%) p53 immunoreactivity. Ki-67-stained nuclei ranged from 0 to 2%, failing to identify the recurrent tumor. Therefore, p53 immunoreactivity, rather than Ki-67 nuclear stain, may be useful for identification of recurrent pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence.
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PMID:Recurrence in pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence. 1139 22

Pathologic factors of predictive value for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), an aggressive salivary gland malignancy, are poorly defined. Because residual mixed tumor may be relatively inconspicuous and various carcinoma subtypes are encountered, misdiagnosis is common. To describe the pathologic features and identify potential prognostic factors, we retrospectively examined 73 cases of CXPA of the major salivary glands treated at Mayo Clinic. Paraffin section immunostaining for keratins (AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, vimentin, actin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins was performed in 69 cases. DNA content and proliferation indices were determined by digital image analysis of Feulgen- and MIB-I-stained sections, retrospectively. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic variables were analyzed with the log-rank test. The carcinoma component was predominant in 82% of tumors. Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (31 cases) and salivary duct carcinoma (24 cases) were the most frequent histologic subtypes. Sixty-two tumors were high grade (Broders 3 or 4). Residual mixed tumor was extensively hyalinized in 54 cases. Pathologic features significantly associated with overall survival included pathologic stage (P =.009), tumor size (P =.012), grade (P =.005), proportion of carcinoma (P =.004), extent of invasion (P =.002), and proliferation index of carcinoma (P =.03). Of 4 patients with intracapsular (noninvasive) carcinoma, none had an adverse outcome. The immunohistochemical profile of CXPA included positive staining reactions in the malignant component for AE1/AE3 in 97% of cases, CK7 in 94%, epithelial membrane antigen in 86%, carcinoembryonic antigen in 75%, vimentin in 52%, and S-100 protein in 29%. Expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins was detected in 41% and 30% of the carcinomas, respectively, but neither was associated with decreased survival. High-grade salivary adenocarcinoma that is difficult to classify should raise the suspicion of possible CXPA. Intracapsular carcinoma has a benign clinical course. Significant prognostic factors in CXPA include tumor stage, grade, proportion of carcinoma, extent of invasion, and proliferation index.
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PMID:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: pathologic analysis of 73 cases. 1143 14

Hyperplastic polyps of the colon are the most common type of benign colonic polyp. Rarely, these polyps may show misplaced epithelium within the submucosa, thereby simulating an adenoma with pseudoinvasion or even an adenocarcinoma. In this study, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunophenotypic features of 19 hyperplastic polyps with misplaced epithelium to identify potential diagnostic pitfalls and gain insight into their pathogenesis. Routinely processed polypectomy specimens from 12 patients with 19 hyperplastic polyps containing foci of misplaced epithelium were evaluated for a variety of morphologic features including pattern and extent of submucosal involvement, continuity of the submucosal epithelium with the mucosa, presence of recent or remote hemorrhage, inflammation, association of misplaced epithelium with lymphoid aggregates, inflammation, and defects in the muscularis mucosae. Clinical and endoscopic data were obtained and correlated with the histologic findings. Immunoperoxidase stains (ABC method) for collagen IV (basement membrane marker), MIB-1 (proliferation marker), and E-cadherin (intercellular adhesion protein) were performed in all cases. The study group consisted of five males and seven females ranging in age from to 52 to 73 years (mean: 63 y). All of the polyps were located in the rectum or sigmoid colon, and their mean size was 0.5 cm (range: 0.2 to 1.0 cm). Most showed misplaced epithelium in a lobular (26%) or a mixed pattern consisting of lobules and irregularly distributed crypts (63%) that, upon deeper levels, was almost always continuous with the mucosal portion of the polyps (95%). Defects in the muscularis mucosae and splaying of the muscle fibers around misplaced epithelium were seen in all cases. Lymphoid aggregates were present adjacent to foci of misplaced epithelium in 37% of cases. Fresh hemorrhage, vascular congestion, and hemosiderin deposits were present in 79, 53, and 42% of cases, respectively. Strong and uniform staining of the misplaced epithelium for MIB-1 and E-cadherin was demonstrated in all cases, similar to that seen in the lower third of the mucosal portion of the polyps. A continuous collagen IV basement membrane pattern of staining was noted around all foci of misplaced epithelium. Hyperplastic polyps with misplaced epithelium probably occur secondary to trauma-induced protrusion of glands through breaks in the muscularis mucosae. Pathologists should be aware of this entity to avoid diagnostic confusion with other, more serious lesions, such as adenomas with pseudoinvasion or well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Hyperplastic polyp with epithelial misplacement (inverted hyperplastic polyp): a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 19 cases. 1155 82

The most interesting aspects of parathyroid disease are the increased incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism, which nowadays is diagnosed more and more frequently through the casual discovery of hypercalcaemia, the various diagnostic methodologies used, the ongoing debate as to the function of parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic patients and the new video-assisted surgical techniques which have recently been developed. The authors retrospectively review 31 consecutive cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The clinical onset was characterised in 26 cases by an osteoarthralgic syndrome associated with renal and biliary pathology. Five cases were asymptomatic. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent both biochemical and instrumental tests. MIB scintigraphy was found to yield the most reliable diagnosis, leading to identification of 83.6% of diseased parathyroids. As regards surgical treatment, 29 cases were treated with a simple parathyroidectomy, 1 with a bilateral inferior parathyroidectomy and 1 with a thyroid lobectomy. Associated thyroid surgery was performed in 8 cases for concomitant thyroid disease: 1 total thyroidectomy, 2 subtotal thyroidectomies and 5 lobectomies. In 3 cases radioimmunoguided surgery was used. There were no cases of mortality, and 9.6% of patients presented specific morbidity characterised by some degree of paraesthesia. As stated by other researchers, the authors argue that MIBI scintigraphy is the most reliable test for the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and that surgical treatment is the first choice for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. The surgical strategy depends on the abnormality underlying the hyperparathyroidism: in the event off an adenoma, a bilateral exploration of the neck and removal of the diseased parathyroid are required; in the case of hyperplasia, a subtotal parathyroidectomy is necessary with marking of the residual parathyroid which will simplify any possible reoperation; in the event of carcinoma, a thyroid loboisthmectomy and ipsilateral parathyroidectomy are performed with removal of the fatty tissue of the antero-superior mediastinum and ipsilateral cervical functional lymphadenectomy.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism: diagnostic and therapeutic trends]. 1158 66

Eight pituitary adenomas (four gonadotroph cell adenomas, three prolactin cell adenomas, one null cell adenoma) and their respective recurrences in the same patients were studied by comparative genomic hybridization. Chromosomal imbalances were found in seven of eight patients affecting two of eight primary and seven of eight recurrent tumors. Overall, pituitary adenomas showed an average of 1.6 chromosomal imbalances per primary and 3.4 per recurrent tumor (P < 0.01). Prolactin cell adenomas showed an average of 4.3 chromosomal changes per primary and 6.3 per recurrent tumor, which were significantly more common than in gonadotroph cell adenomas (0 vs 1.7 changes; P < 0.05) and the null cell adenoma (0 vs 1.0 changes; P < 0.05). The most common changes were gains of 4q (in three of eight recurrences), 5q, and 13q (in two of eight recurrences each) as well as losses of chromosome 2 (in both primary and recurring tumors of two patients), 1p, 8q, 10, and 12q (in two of eight recurrences). Minimal common regions associated with recurrent adenomas were gains of 4q31.2-34 (three recurrences), 5q14-23 and 13q21-31 and losses of 12q24.3-qter (two recurrences each). The average MIB-1 proliferation indices were 1.2% for primary and 1.9% for recurrent adenomas (P < 0.005). Our findings suggest that acquisition of certain chromosomal imbalances is related to and may underlie adenoma recurrence.
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PMID:Increased chromosomal imbalances in recurrent pituitary adenomas. 1176 22

Myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma is a rare tumor and, to our knowledge, only 16 cases have been reported. We present the case of a 56-year-old Japanese man who was admitted to hospital because of a right adrenal mass that was discovered during a routine physical examination. The resected mass was well circumscribed and contained canary yellow multinodular regions that were surrounded by a brown gelatinous region. Histologically, the multinodular regions resembled a conventional adrenal cortical adenoma, being composed of solid aggregates of large clear or eosinophilic cells. In the gelatinous region, anastomosing small eosinophilic or vesicular cells were visible within a myxoid stroma that contained large amounts of acidic mucopolysaccharides. Light-microscopic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of adenoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that a small number of tumor cells were positive for vimentin, and the MIB-1 labeling index was less than 1%. Flow cytometry demonstrated that cells were diploid. At the ultrastructural level, many fat droplets were found in the large clear cells in the multinodular regions. Small eosinophilic cells in the myxoid region contained many mitochondria but few fat droplets. There were no findings suggestive of malignancy. Although the adrenal cortex might have the potential to produce connective tissue-type mucin as a consequence of its mesodermal origin, the mechanism of production of acidic mucopolysaccharides in a myxoid adrenal cortical tumor remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma. 1184 57


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