Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptosis-related proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD). This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in the thyroid tissues of ATD and their role in ATD pathogenesis as determined by immunochemical staing techniques and other methods. Pathological tissues of 30 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 30 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 30 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA, as control) were used for this study. A higher expression of S-100 in HT (4.2+/-3.1%) and GD (3.9+/-2.8%) vs TFA (0.95+/-0.64%) (p<0.001). was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in HT (22.58+/-13.96% and GD (29.92+/-14.43%) vs TFA (5.19+/-8.08%) (p<0.001). HT thyrocytes adjacent to thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) showed greater increases in the levels of Fas and FasL than did the GD thyrocytes while HT TILs exhibited lower expression of Fas and FasL than did the GD TILs. GD thyrocytes expressed increased levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 as compared to the low levels detected in HT thyrocytes. An opposite pattern was observed in the TILs in GD (low expression of Bcl-2) and HT (high expression of Bcl-2). The findings suggest that the high expression of DC markers is related to the pathogenesis of HT and GD. Up-regulation of both the number and matured functions of DCs may lead to the presentation of more antigens to lymphocytes which are related to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl-2 in GD favors apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes and thyrocyte survival. The regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl-2 in HT may promote thyrocyte apoptosis leading to hypothyroidism.
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PMID:Expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases. 1816 59

We have previously reported that the dendritic cell (DC) functional index cytokine interleukin-12 was significantly decreased in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissues. In this study, the DC infiltration pattern and the density of mature DCs (mDCs; labeled by anti-CD83 and anti-CD208) and immature DCs (iDCs; labeled by anti-CD1alpha) were characterized using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue samples from 23 patients with CRC, 33 patients with colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 19 healthy controls. In addition, the DC function inhibitor cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the downstream signal molecule prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and related receptors EP2/EP4 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and double immunofluorescence staining. The IHC analyses revealed changed densities of mDCs and iDCs in the tumor microenvironment; in CRA and CRC, the density of mDCs was decreased, but the density of iDCs was gradually increased. Furthermore, the distribution patterns of DCs were also altered. In CRA, mDCs were abundantly distributed in the subepithelial stroma of the adenomatous mass. In CRC, the distribution of mDCs in the tumor stroma was not homogeneous, and mDCs residing in the stroma at invading edges were more frequently found compared with in the intratumoral stroma (P<0.05). Increased iDCs were found in the intratumoral mass in CRC, and some infiltrated into the malignant epithelium. By quantitative real-time PCR, a gradually increased level of COX-2 mRNA was demonstrated in the local tissues along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and double immunofluorescence staining showed a colocalization of PGE2 receptors EP2/EP4 with mDCs in the stroma of CRC. In conclusion, our current findings revealed an altered DC infiltration pattern along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence; gradually increased COX-2 expression might contribute to the DC functional defect.
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PMID:Dendritic cell infiltration pattern along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. 1875 18

Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptosis play a critical role in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma (TC). This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in the thyroid tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) and their role in TPC pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining techniques and other methods were used on pathological tissues of 30 patients with Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) and 30 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA,as control) to detect the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83, Fas, FasL and Bcl-2. A higher expression of S-100 protein in TPC (4.6+/-3.2%) vs.TFA (0.95+/-0.64%) (p<0.001) was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in the peri-cancerous tissues (PCT) (32.51+/-22.32) vs. TFA (5.19+/-8.08) (p<0.001), oppositely, CD83 was negative in the cancerous net.TPC showed greater increases in levels of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 than did the TFA. Our findings suggest that impaired immune function, absence of CD83-positive mature and activated dendritic cells in cancer nodules may have a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.The regulation of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 in TPC may help them evade the immune system.
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PMID:Expression and distribution of S-100, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in tissues of thyroid carcinoma. 1884 May 55

A higher expression of S-100 in tissue of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) vs. thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA) (p < .001) was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in the peri-cancerous tissues vs. TFA (p < .001), oppositely, CD83 was negative in the cancerous net. TPC showed greater decreases in levels of CD80 and CD86 than did the TFA. These findings suggest that impaired immune function, absence of CD83-positive mature and activated dendritic cells in cancer nodules may have a role in the pathogenesis of TPC. The low expression of CD80 and CD86 in TPC may help them evade the immune system.
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PMID:Expression and distribution of S-100, CD83, and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) in tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma. 2146 77

CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein, functions as a receptor for hyaluronic acid. Our research group has previously shown that CD44 is a biomarker for the CD44hi cells (tumor-initiating cells; TICs) in murine salivary gland tumors. However, little is known concerning the biological roles of CD44 in the tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of CD44 on the proliferation, invasive capability, and apoptosis of TICs in vitro, as well as the tumorigenicity of TICs in vivo. The results demonstrated that knockdown of CD44 attenuated the malignant phenotype of TICs. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft studies indicated that CD44 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma. In addition, neither the CD44low cells nor the CD44-modified CD44low cells developed neo-tumors, which indicated that overexpression of CD44 did not enable the CD44low cells to be transformed into TICs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD44 not only acts as a biomarker, but also functions as a key player in the tumor-initiating capacity of TICs. These results shed light on the pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors and provide a potential therapeutic target for treating pleomorphic adenoma.
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PMID:Role of CD44 in tumor-initiating cells of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma: More than a surface biomarker. 3192 47