Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 2 (HAI-2) was recently identified as a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor activator. It was also independently reported as placental bikunin (PB) and as a protein over-expressed in pancreatic cancer. The expression of HAI-2/PB was analyzed in human normal colon mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas. HAI-2/PB mRNA was consistently expressed in the colorectal mucosa. The expression was conserved in the neoplastic colorectal mucosa, and no relationship was found between HAI-2/PB mRNA levels and tumor stages. Moreover, 13 out of 14 colorectal carcinoma cell lines expressed HAI-2/PB mRNA. Immunohistochemically, HAI-2/PB proteins were predominantly stained beneath the apical surface of normal enterocytes. In tumor tissues, rather disarranged intracytoplasmic granular staining was observed. The HAI-2/PB immunoreactivity was well conserved in the colonic adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and this protein may have important unknown function in the intestinal mucosa.
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PMID:Conserved expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-2/placental bikunin in human colorectal carcinomas. 1069 88

Here, we describe the identification of three human genes with altered expression in thyroid diseases. One of them corresponds to insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), which has already been described as over expressed in other cancers and, for the first time, is identified as overexpressed in thyroid tumors. The other genes, named 44 and 199, are ESTs with yet unknown function and were mapped on human chromosomes seven and four, respectively. We determined by RT-PCR the expression level of these genes in ten samples of disease-free thyroid, ten of goiter, nine of papillary carcinoma, ten of adenoma and seven of follicular carcinoma and the significance of observed differences was statistically determined. IGFBP-5 and gene 44 were significantly overexpressed in papillary carcinoma when compared to normal and goiter. Genes 44 and 199 were differentially expressed in follicular carcinoma and adenoma when compared to normal thyroid tissue.
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PMID:Differential expression of IGFBP-5 and two human ESTs in thyroid glands with goiter, adenoma and papillary or follicular carcinomas. 1261 33

Differentially expressed genes in various benign and malignant salivary gland tumours were identified by use of cDNA microarrays containing 19,000 human expressed sequence tags. Samples were derived from 5 patients with pleomorphic adenoma, 4 with Warthin's tumour, one with clear cell carcinoma, and 2 with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Tumours were classified by using a subset of 486 genes. Benign Warthin's tumour and pleomorphic adenoma showed very distinctive gene expression patterns. A total of 133 genes differentiated the single malignant clear cell carcinoma from non-tumour salivary glands (p < 0.01), whereas only 16 genes separated it from the highly related benign pleomorphic adenoma (p < 0.01). A total of 57 cDNAs were associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (p < 0.01). The results show gene expression alterations common to all tumours and unique to each benign and malignant tumour. The numerous Expressed Sequence Tags of unknown function we identified could also become useful as tumour markers and represent a set of novel tumour-associated genes.
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PMID:Genetic expression profiling of parotid neoplasms by cDNA microarrays. 1645 Jul 70

TMEFF2 is a transmembrane protein with unknown function, containing an altered epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif, two follistatin-like domains, and a cytosolic tail with a putative G-protein-activating motif. TMEFF2 is predominantly expressed in brain and prostate and has been implicated in cell signaling, neuronal cell survival, and tumor suppression. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in pituitary corticotrope cells inhibits the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the production of intracellular cAMP, and CREB, and transcription of Pomc. Regulation of the activity of CRH by TMEFF2 requires neither the cytoplasmic tail nor the EGF domain, while deletion of the follistatin modules abolishes the inhibitory function of TMEFF2. Moreover, a soluble secreted protein containing the complete extracellular domain is sufficient for inhibition of CRH signaling. TMEFF2-induced inhibition depends on serum components. Furthermore, TMEFF2 regulates the non-canonical activin/BMP4 signaling, PI3K, and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways. Thus, TMEFF2 inhibits the CRH signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK1/2 pathways, contributing to a significant inhibition of transcription of Pomc. We found that expression of TMEFF2 in human Cushing's adenoma is reduced when compared with normal human pituitary, which may indicate that TMEFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in these adenomas. Furthermore, the overexpression of TMEFF2 decreased proliferation of corticotrope cells. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic use of TMEFF2 or factors that stimulate the activity of TMEFF2 for the treatment of corticotrope tumors in order to reduce their secretion of ACTH and proliferation.
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PMID:TMEFF2 is an endogenous inhibitor of the CRH signal transduction pathway. 2557 2