Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

De-glycosylation of mucins may expose new tumor-associated core protein epitopes. In this study, to attempt to develop useful markers for gastric cancers, we have purified and de-glycosylated gastric mucin and tried to establish monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A MAb designated A3D4 among established MAbs was shown to react with gastric cancer with high frequency, but not with normal gastric epithelium. Among normal digestive organs, only the colon and gall bladder were positive for MAb A3D4. The incidence of positivity in gastric cancer was 75% for intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (n = 28), 40% for solid-type adenocarcinoma (n = 5) and 33% for signet/scirrhous-type adenocarcinoma (n = 15). Interestingly, adenoma and intestinal metaplasia (IM) with chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer were negative for MAb A3D4, whereas 8 out of 13 cases (62%) of IM with gastric cancer was positive. Western-blot analysis using the lysate from normal colon tissues revealed a high-molecular-weight (> 300-kDa) smear-like band. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the reactivity of MAb A3D4 was clearly increased when tissue sections were pre-treated with periodic acid or O-glycanase, while it was decreased by pre-treatment with trypsin or protease V8. There was no reactivity with the synthetic peptide encompassing the tandem-repeat sequence of MUC2 or MUC3. These data suggest that MAb A3D4 detects a novel gastric-cancer-associated mucin antigen whose epitope may be peptide in nature.
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PMID:A novel gastric-cancer-associated mucin antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody A3D4. 939 54

Serrated adenoma of the colorectum was a newly proposed entity in 1990, characterized by epithelial neoplasia combining the architectural features of a hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyp with the cytological features of an adenoma. Its histogenesis and natural history still remain unclear. Forty-six serrated adenomas were obtained from 46 patients. The clinicopathological features were summarized. Paraffin-embedded blocks from 34 serrated adenomas were available for immunohistochemical studies using pS2, human gastric mucin, and p53 protein. Eighteen hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps, 16 tubular adenomas, and 12 early-stage adenocarcinomas were randomly selected as control groups for immunohistochemical analysis. The patients' ages ranged from 32 to 86 (average 61.4) years. Males were more frequently affected than females. Serrated adenomas were predominantly present in the left-side of the colon and in the rectum (72 per cent). Their sizes ranged from 3 to 26 mm (average 9. 2mm). Six lesions (13 per cent) contained foci of high-grade dysplasia. These adenomas were significantly larger (12.7 mm) than those containing no high-grade dysplasia (8.6mm). pS2 and human gastric mucin were expressed significantly more frequently in both hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps and serrated adenomas than in tubular adenomas or adenocarcinomas. p53-positive cells were present in 18 of the 29 pure serrated adenomas (62 per cent) and in one of the five areas of low-grade dysplasia in serrated adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (20 per cent), most of which revealed a sporadic distribution. Only five of the 29 serated adenomas with no high-grade dysplasia (17 per cent) were regarded as demonstrating p53 overexpression. On the other hand, three of the five areas of high-grade dysplasia in serrated adenomas (60 per cent) revealed diffuse positivity (3+) for p53 protein. The serrated adenoma, which possibly shows gastric differentiation, is considered to be an independent histological entity among the various phenotypes of colorectal adenomas. Serrated adenoma would seem to be a precursor of carcinoma, its potential for malignant transformation being similar to that of the traditional tubular adenoma. It would also seem that p53 is involved in the serrated adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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PMID:'Serrated' adenoma of the colorectum, with reference to its gastric differentiation and its malignant potential. 1039 12

'Pyloric gland-type adenoma' is a recently described and very rare entity. We report a case of a pedunculated polyp of the duodenal bulb showing the features of pyloric gland-type adenoma. Heterotopic gastric mucosa was found adjacent to the tumour. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells at the surface of the polyp showed foveolar-type mucin (M1) while most other tumour cells showed deep gastric mucin (M2), displaying a pattern of differentiation similar to the normal gastric mucosa. The polyp also showed villous or papillary structures with disorganization of gastric differentiation and marked increase of proliferating in foci cells. This is the first case of pyloric gland-type adenoma found to arise in heterotopic gastric mucosa of the duodenum, showing dysplastic progression of the gastric type.
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PMID:'Pyloric gland-type adenoma' arising in heterotopic gastric mucosa of the duodenum, with dysplastic progression of the gastric type. 1052 11

A 70-year-old woman underwent right hemicolectomy and six carcinomas were recognized in the resected colon. These carcinomas were considered to be of a cell lineage common to serrated adenoma (SA) and hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyp (H/MP), because of the occurrence of multiple SAs and H/MPs around the carcinomas, as well as the co-existence of SA and H/MP areas within the carcinomas. These carcinomas had the following common histological and immunohistochemical features: a serrated structure resembling SA; a lace-like structure; infiltrative growth within the muscularis propria, with dedifferentiation at the invasive front; and immunohistochemical expression of pS2 and human gastric mucin. Based on these features, a new subtype of carcinoma is proposed, with a cell lineage common to SA and H/MP. It would also seem that p53 is involved in the serrated adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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PMID:Multiple 'serrated adenocarcinomas' of the colon with a cell lineage common to metaplastic polyp and serrated adenoma. Case report of a new subtype of colonic adenocarcinoma with gastric differentiation. 1069 93

Gastric adenomas are neoplastic growths characterized by localized, polypoid proliferations of dysplastic epithelium. They frequently arise in stomachs with a background of mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, and a higher risk of adenocarcinoma elsewhere in the stomach has been reported in patients with gastric adenomas. Additionally, some gastric adenomas themselves demonstrate neoplastic progression to infiltrating adenocarcinoma. However, previous studies have not comprehensively evaluated the background gastric mucosa and risk of adenocarcinoma, particularly in relation to the histologic classification of adenomas as either intestinal-type or gastric-type. We studied 61 gastric adenomas from 51 patients between 1985 and 2001. The adenomas were classified as intestinal-type (containing at least focal goblet cells and/or Paneth cells), gastric-type (lined entirely by gastric mucin cells on PAS/alcian blue stain), or indeterminate. We evaluated the histologic features of both the adenomas (location, multiplicity, degree of dysplasia, presence of adenocarcinoma within the polyp) and the surrounding gastric mucosa (presence of gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma). Gastric adenomas were distributed equally throughout the stomach, were most frequently solitary (82%), and contained adenocarcinoma in nine cases (14.8%). There were 34 intestinal-type adenomas (56%) in 31 patients, 25 gastric-type adenomas (41%) in 18 patients (including 10 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis), and 2 of indeterminate type (3%). Intestinal-type adenomas were significantly more likely than gastric-type adenomas to show high-grade dysplasia (p <0.0001), adenocarcinoma within the polyp (p = 0.016), intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding stomach (p <0.000001), and gastritis (p = 0.002). Patients with intestinal-type adenomas were also more likely to have separate adenocarcinomas (five cases vs 0 cases), although this did not reach statistical significance. Gastric adenomas are rarely truly "sporadic" lesions. In any individual patient complete removal of the adenoma should be performed, and thorough biopsy of the surrounding gastric mucosa is essential to understand the clinicopathologic context of the adenoma.
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PMID:Gastric adenomas: intestinal-type and gastric-type adenomas differ in the risk of adenocarcinoma and presence of background mucosal pathology. 1236 42

This study examined whether gastric pyloric gland-type mucin is expressed in serrated adenoma (SA) and in hyperplastic polyp (HP) of the colorectum, and whether cellular position-based gastric differentiation is observed in these lesions as previously hypothesized. Immunostaining was performed for MUC6 and alpha-linked GlcNAc residue (pyloric gland-type mucin markers), human gastric mucin (HGM; foveolar-type mucin marker) and Ki-67 (proliferating cell marker) for 31 SA, 22 HP, 21 traditional tubular adenoma (TA) and 20 hyperplastic nodule (HN). MUC6 showed varying expression in SA, 22/31 (71.0%); HP, 15/22 (68.2%); TA, 2/21 (9.5%); and HN, 0/20 (0%) with significantly higher frequencies in SA and HP compared to those in TA and HN. The alpha-linked GlcNAc residue was found only in SA (3/31, 9.7%) and in HP (2/22, 9.1%). In SA and HP, HGM was typically expressed in the entire crypt length, but some reduction in expression was shown in the basal crypt portion below the proliferative zone. MUC6 and alpha-linked GlcNAc residues were expressed in the basal crypt portion below or below and including proliferative zone. These data demonstrate that SA and HP show bidirectional gastric (foveolar and pyloric gland) differentiation with respect to mucin cellular phenotype and the potential for cellular position-based differentiation, which mimics the gastric antral mucosa.
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PMID:Bidirectional gastric differentiation in cellular mucin phenotype (foveolar and pyloric) in serrated adenoma and hyperplastic polyp of the colorectum. 1514 98

We have developed 11 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against human gastric mucin, (1-13M1, 2-11M1, 2-12M1, 9-13M1, 58M1, 19M1, 21M1, 45M1, 463M, 589M, 62M1), which specifically stained by immunohistochemisty both the human gastric surface mucosa and colon adenoma. Among them, five (19M1, 21M1, 463M, 589M, 62M1) immunoreacted with the peptide encoded by the 3' region of the MUC5AC gene (Nollet et al: Int J Cancer 2002;99:336-343). In this study, we identified in the 5' region of this gene the nucleotide fragments encoding peptides immunoreacting with three other anti-M1 MAbs (1-13M1, 2-11M1 and 9-13M1), as well as the SOMU1 MAb (Sotozono et al: J Immunol Methods 1996;192:187-196). 1-13M1 MAb immunoreacts with peptides, including the Cys 2 and Cys 4 domains. The SOMU1 MAb recognized the Cys 5 domain, and the MAbs 2-11M1 and 9-13M1 the globular D1/D2 and D3 domains, respectively. Using serial sections of the mucosae adjacent to colon adenocarcinomas and colon adenomas, we observed that the anti-M1 and anti-SOMU1 MAbs displayed the same immunostaining patterns. The three anti-M1 MAbs (2-12M1, 58M1, and 45M1) did not react with the products of the MUC5AC gene tested until now. The MUC5AC apomucin is now well characterized by MAbs immunoreacting against seven different epitopes belonging to the different main cystein globular domains of this macromolecule. Such antibodies are useful tools for studying the biosynthesis, polymerization, and degradation of mucin.
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PMID:Mapping of SOMU1 and M1 epitopes on the apomucin encoded by the 5' end of the MUC5AC gene. 1516 82

Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (EWDA) is an unusual gastric cancer that is histologically too bland to be diagnosed as malignant neoplasm, particularly using biopsy. EWDA may be a gastric counterpart of 'adenoma malignum' or minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) in the uterine cervix; however, the clinicopathological features of EWDA remain less apparent than those of MDA. A 60-year-old male was complaining of dysphagia. He had been made aware of a small submucosal tumor in the cardia 2 years before the onset of this symptom. Endoscopic ultrasonographic examination revealed a large cardiac tumor consisting of thickened layers, as observed in Borrmann type IV. Three mucosal biopsies suggested only benign changes including adenoma and hyperplastic polyps. At the fourth biopsy, cytologically bland columnar cells were located in the submucosa along with stromal fibrosis and laminated stones. The possibility that non-neoplastic aberrant pancreas with lithiasis formed the tumor was denied at laparotomy by a frozen section that revealed benign-looking glands invading the diaphragm. Immunohistochemically the cancer glands were positive for CA19-9 and human gastric mucin, but not for p53 or MUC2. To our knowledge, this is a previously unknown combination of EWDA and psammomatous calcification in the stomach.
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PMID:Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia: a unique case with columnar cells and laminated stones. 1553 29

In a 46-year-old man, a pedunculated rectal polyp measuring 3.0x3.0x2.0 cm was diagnosed histologically as a pyloric gland-type adenoma arising in heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa. The luminal site was covered by glands of the gastric foveolar type, displaying focal marked proliferation interpreted as low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. A bidirectional gastric differentiation was found: most lower glandular structures showed positivity for the deep gastric mucin core protein Muc 6 and superficial positivity for gastric foveolar epithelium mucin core protein Muc 5AC. Pyloric gland adenoma has so far been described in one larger series only and a few case reports of the stomach, gallbladder, pancreatic duct and within heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa of the duodenal bulb. The present case report is the first case of a pyloric gland-type adenoma within a gastric corpus heterotopia of the rectal mucosa.
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PMID:Adenoma with gastric differentiation (so-called pyloric gland adenoma) in a heterotopic gastric corpus mucosa in the rectum. 1583 48

Pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder is formed by proliferation of glands resembling pyloric glands, morphologically. No previous report has described the cellular phenotype and differentiation of pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder, using CD10 as a marker of proper biliary phenotype. Immunostainings were performed for mucin markers such as MUC5AC, human gastric mucin (HGM) for gastric foveolar type epithelium, MUC6, M-GGMC-1 for pyloric-gland type and MUC2 for intestinal goblet-cell type, and for CD10 as a proper biliary type marker on 58 pyloric-gland type adenomas of the gallbladder, as well as for p53, Ki-67 and CDX2. The percentage (X) of reactive cells in relation to the total number of tumor cells was estimated semi-quantitatively, and divided into four categories: X=0% (negative), 0%<X<10%, 10%<or=X<30%, and X>or=30%. CDX2 expression was considered to be positive when the percentage of positively stained cells was >or=10%. Out of the 58 pyloric-gland type adenomas, >or=30% of adenoma cells were positive for MUC5AC in 22 (38%) tumors, HGM in 29 (50%), MUC6 in 58 (100%), M-GGMC-1 in 54 (93%), MUC2 in none (0%), and CD10 in 20 (34%). MUC6 (P<0.001) and M-GGMC-1 (P<0.001) mucins were detected more frequently in pyloric-gland type adenomas, and CD10 expression was significantly decreased, compared with normal gallbladder epithelium (P=0.006). P53 overexpression was not found in any of the 58 tumors, including two adenomas with carcinomatous foci. The mean number of Ki-67-positive cells was 10.3+/-5.8%. CDX2 expression was judged as negative in all 58 pyloric-gland type adenomas. In pyloric-gland type adenomas of the gallbladder, expression of pyloric-gland type mucins was observed with a high frequency, whereas intestinal goblet-cell mucins were rarely seen. In addition, co-expression of gastric foveolar type mucins and CD10 was also demonstrated. Pyloric-gland type adenomas of the gallbladder show a differentiation toward pyloric glands in terms of immunohistochemistry, as well as morphology, accompanied by co-expression of gastric foveolar and native biliary phenotypes.
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PMID:Co-expression of gastric and biliary phenotype in pyloric-gland type adenoma of the gallbladder: immunohistochemical analysis of mucin profile and CD10. 1734 6


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