Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypercalcemia after renal transplantation (post-T hypercalcemia) has been detected in 29 (16.7%) of 174 long-term survivors. The mean time of onset of hypercalcemia was 69 days after renal transplantation (range 3-210). In 18 patients the hypercalcemia was mild and resolved spontaneously (transient) from 2-65 months (mean 19) after onset. In 4 patients serum calcium normalized concurrently with rejection episodes. In 7 patients the hypercalcemia was more pronounced (permanent), being terminated by subtotal parathyroidectomy in 5 and persisting in 2 recipients. The hypercalcemia was asymptomatic except in one patient, who developed calculi in the graft and a fall in graft function, all of which disappeared after parathyroidectomy. At operation the parathyroid glands showed hyperplasia, except in one case with an adenoma in one of the hyperplastic glands. Serum phosphorus was markedly decreased, to the same extent in transiently and permanently hypercalcemic recipients. Serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) was increased in all of 5 patients with permanent and in 3 of 8 with transient post-T hypercalcemia. In normocalcemic and in transiently hypercalcemic recipients the mean S-PTH was identical, but significantly lower than in the permanently hypercalcemic recipients. S-PTH was suppressed to the same extent during an i.v. calcium infusion in patients with post-T hypercalcemia and with primary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia and parathyroid function after renal transplantation. 31 22

Chemotactic and random migrations of neutrophils derived from four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were found to be defective. These abnormalities improved significantly in parallel with the decrease in serum calcium and parathormone and with the increase in serum phosphorus concentration after surgical removal of the adenoma. These observation suggest a possible role for parathormone phosphorus and calcium in the motility of neutrophils.
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PMID:Reversible defect of neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration in primary hyperparathyroidism. 42 3

A benign adenoma of the pigment epithelium of the ciliary body in a 27-year-old woman simulated a malignant melanoma clinically and resulted in enucleation. The correct diagnosis was not made clinically despite the use of A- and B- scan ultrasonography and the radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake test, procedures which are usually reliable in differentiating between melanoma and pseudomelanoma. We emphasize the shortcomings of these ancillary tests in differentiating pigment epithelial tumors from malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Adenoma of the pigment epithelium of the ciliary body simulating a malignant melanoma. 46 12

Two observations of the Far syndrome manifested by calcification of the brain tissue, oligodendroglia, arterial walls, arterioles, capillaries and veins are described. In the first case, the Far syndrome developed against the background of hypoparathyreosis with longterm disturbance of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, in the second--against the background of endocrine polyadenomatosis (trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland, clear cell adenoma of the adrenals) with hyponatremia.
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PMID:[Morphology of the Fahr syndrome (idiopathic calcification of the cerebral vessels)]. 52 68

Oxyphil cells and oxyphil cell adenomas of parathyroid glands are, in most instances, regarded to be nonfunctioning. Although 21 cases of hyperparathyroidism associated with parathyroid oxyphil cell adenoma have been reported, secretion of hormone by these tumors has not been conclusively demonstrated. A parathyroid adenoma, diagnosed by light microscopy as oxyphil type, together with the results from ultrastructural and biochemical studies of the patient's adenomatous tissue, are reported here. The patient, a 64-year-old male, was found to have elevated serum calcium, low serum phosphorus, and elevated serum immunoreactive parathormone: findings consistent with hyperparathyroidism. After excision of two small normal-appearing glands and one greatly enlarged (1.9 g) parathyroid gland, those laboratory values returned to normal. Light microscopy of the enlarged parathyroid indicated that it consisted almost entirely of an oxyphil adenoma. Electron microscopy revealed that the adenoma was composed mainly of mitochondria-rich oxyphil cells but also of interspersed transitional oxyphil cells and rare scattered chief cells. Golgi zones, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and prosecretory and secretory-like granules were observed in some oxyphil cells, in most transitional oxyphil cells, and in the infrequent chief cells. Thus, many of these cells appear to contribute to the production and secretion of parathormone. Biochemical studies performed directly on the adenomatous tissue demonstrated that it was able to synthesize proparathormone and parathormone, although the proportion of hormonal peptide synthesis relative to that of the total protein synthesis in this tissue was much smaller (0.9%) than that found in normal parathyroid tissue (5.7%). There was a small increase in immunoreactive parathormone when the adenoma tissue was incubated in a low-calcium medium. These findings indicate that this oxyphil adenoma of the parathyroid gland synthesized and secreted parathormone, apparently to some extent autonomously, but suggest that its capacity to do so was largely dependent on its component of cells other than fully developed oxyphil cells, such as transitional oxyphil cells.
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PMID:Functioning oxyphil adenoma of parathyroid gland. An ultrastructural and biochemical study. 68 53

Plasma glucose, insulin, and alpha-cell glucagon profiles were examined in ten adults with uncomplicated primary hyperparathyroidism before and 8-12 week after surgical removal of a single parathyroid adenoma. Treatment restored abnormal serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations to a normal range and reduced serum parathyroid hormone levels from 47 +/- 4 to 16 +/- 4 mu 1 Eq/ml (normal = 0-40). Plasma glucose curves during 100-g oral glucose tolerance, 30 min intravenous glucose (1.5 g/min), or arginine infusions (1.0 g/min) did not differ before and after surgery. However, basal and peak insulin concentrations were higher before treatment during these tests (p less than 0.05). Basal glucagon levels were unaffected by hyperparathyroidism (72 +/- 7 versus 77 +/- 7 pg/ml). Peak 30 min values after arginine provocation were also similar before and after treatment as was maximal suppression of basal glucagon during glucose infusions. Four patients also received 400 g lean beef meals. Glucose and glucagon responses over 240-min periods were nearly identical before and after surgery despite higher insulin levels before treatment. It is concluded that elevated serum parathyroid hormone and plasma insulin concentrations in primary hyperparathyroidism do not relate to abnormalities of plasma alpha-cell glucagon in the basal state or after glucose, arginine, or protein administration.
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PMID:Plasma alpha-cell glucagon in primary hyperparathyroidism. 78 68

In order to investigate the effect of calcitonin (CT) on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), porcine calcitonin (80 MRC units) was injected intramuscularly at 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. for 10-14 days in 7 patients with parathyroid adenoma. Fasting blood specimens were drawn at 8:00 a.m. every other day and 24 hour urine samples were collected through out control and test days. To examine the acute effect of CT, blood and urine were checked several times until 8 hours after the first injection. A fall in the fasting serum calcium level observed in 5 patients during the repeated administrations of CT, as well as that observed in 6 patients within 6 hours after the first injection, showed a significant correlation with the initial serum calcium level. Serum phosphorus concentration decreased in all patients 6 hours after the first injection, while fasting levels seemed to remain unchanged. During the repeated administrations, urinary excretion of calcium and phosphrus decreased correspondingly with the fall in serum calcium levels, although no definite tendancy was observed within 8 hours after the first injection. Fasting serum PTH levels during the repeated administrations were measured in 2 patients. In a patient whose serum calcium returned to the initial level on the 7th day of administration, a gradual rise of PTH was observed, while in another patient whose serum calcium was kept lower than the initial level, PTH remained almost unchanged. These results indicate that, under such a condition where there is marked increase of bone resorption as PHP, repeated administrations of CT bring about not only a hypocalcemic effect but also the reduction of calcium and phosphorus excretion through a decreased filtered load. In addition, it was suggested that, in some cases of PHP, the hypocalcemic effect of CT may be abolished by an increase of PTH secretion from the parathyroid glands during long-term administration.
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PMID:[Effect of porcine calcitonin in primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. 94 35

Six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied during the first seven days after the operative removal of the parathyroid adenoma with special emphasis on biochemical and hormonal changes during the first 24 h. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels fell abruptly after the parathyroidectomy and normalized within 3 h. The half-life of the biologically inert c-terminal PTH-fragment (M.W. 7000-7500) was calculated to be about 180 min. No significant changes in serum calcitonin levels were found. The serum phosphorus levels, which were already low pre-operatively, decreased transiently but significantly during the first 90 min after the removal of the parathyroid adenoma. This fall in serum phosphorus preceded a slow decrease of the calcaemia. During the first post-operative week the calcaemia continued to decline, while serum phosphorus levels increased. The pre-operative cholesterol levels were low compared to age-paired normal Belgians. During the first post-operative week the cholesterolaemia decreased even more, whereas at long term follow-up a clearcut increase of the serum cholesterol levels has to be expected.
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PMID:Hormonal and biochemical changes in patients successfully operated for primary hyperparathyroidism. 98 97

Five patients who had gross abnormalities of calcium and phosphorus metabolism due to long standing renal failure are described to illustrate the difficulties with the term "tertiary hyperparathyroidism". One patient who had unequivocal biochemical tertiary hyperparathyroidism was found histologically to have nodular hyperplasia of all four glands even though one gland weighed twice as much (12g) as the combined weight of the other three. Another patient was not hypercalcaemic but had all the other features of the condition including rapid onset of osteitis fibrosa, vascular calcification and a probable parathyroid adenoma, with hyperplasia of the three glands. The other three had hypercalcaemia only after a reduction in the plasma inorganic phosphorus due either to renal transplantation or aluminum hydroxide therapy. The bone histology of the five patients varied from severe osteomalacia to severe osteitis fibrosa. A consideration of the factors involved in causing hypercalcaemia in these patients and a review of the literature leads to the conclusion that the term tertiary hyperparathyroidism is often misleading and best avoided.
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PMID:What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism? 106 86

A case of adenoma-based hyperparathyroidism operated at the 4th month of pregnancy (third reported case) is described. The clinical picture was extremely flimsy and diagnosis was formulated exclusively on the observation of the characteristic alterations in the calcium-phosphorus metabolism. The validity of examining renal phosphate excretion for the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is considered and proposed evaluation indices (P.E.I. of Nordin and Fraser; I.P.E. OF Nordin and Bulusu) are discussed. The gravity of foetal prognosis in hyperparathyroid women is sufficient justification for surgery during pregnancy.
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PMID:[Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy]. 111 18


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