Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma with calcification and proliferation of the collagen fibers was presented. A 42-year-old man had shown general fatigue and thyroid hypertrophy caused by hyperthyroidism for 3 years. CT and MRI revealed pituitary adenoma with calcification extending into the cavernous sinus and sphenoid sinus. The patient was operated on using the transsphenoidal route twice, but the tumor was not able to be removed totally, partly due to the hardness of the tumor. The tumor in- and around the left cavernous sinus as well as the hardest part of the tumor itself due to the calcification could not be removed. Histopathological examination revealed chromophobe adenoma with proliferation of the collagen fibers. Immunohistological and electronmicroscopic examination demonstrated TSH-secreting adenoma. Postoperatively, thyroid function improved and the patient's symptoms due to hyperthyroidism disappeared.
 ...
PMID:[TSH-secreting fibrous pituitary adenoma showing calcification: a case report]. 770 Apr 96

A cell-maceration/scanning electron microscope (SEM) method was employed to demonstrate the collagen sheath around follicles (perifollicular sheath) of the human thyroid gland and its disorders. In the normal thyroid gland, the follicles were surrounded by spherical collagen sheaths composed of a framework of thick collagen bands 1-5 microns in width and fine solitary collagen fibrils 50-70 nm in diameter. In benign thyroid diseases (Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and adenomatous goiter), the perifollicular sheaths differed in size and in shape according to the disease, but they were always composed of thick collagen bands and fine fibrils as in the normal thyroid. On the other hand, the spaces surrounded by the perifollicular sheaths varied markedly in size in follicular adenoma, were small in oxyphilic adenoma, and irregularly shaped in embryonal adenoma. In all these adenomas, the perifollicular sheaths were mainly composed of fine fibrils 35-45 nm in diameter. In follicular carcinoma, the size and shape of the space surrounded by the perifollicular sheaths were irregular. In papillary adenocarcinoma, the collagen sheaths showed a papillary pattern. In medullary carcinoma, tumor nests were surrounded by well developed collagen sheaths. In all these carcinomas, the collagen sheaths were mainly composed of fine collagen fibrils 32-45 nm in diameter. In adenomas and follicular carcinoma, the perifollicular sheaths frequently had large holes through which the spaces surrounded by the collagen sheaths connected to each other. Such holes were, however, rare in the normal thyroid and benign non-neoplastic thyroid diseases.
 ...
PMID:Scanning electron microscopic study of the collagen sheath of the human thyroid gland and its disorders. 774 67

We studied the boundary between adenoma and peritumoral anterior pituitary tissues in order to understand their mutual interactions during tumour progression. We selected 18 adenomas of different secretory type, grade and invasiveness in which fragments of peritumoral anterior pituitary were still attached to the adenoma. Immunohistochemistry was performed on serial sections with markers of the basement membranes (type IV collagen), the hormone-producing cells of the normal and neoplastic anterior pituitary, and the folliculo-stellate cells (S-100 protein). In passing from tumour to gland, localized areas of passive compression of the normal gland were seen in only 3 cases. In all the tumours, the boundary consisted partly or solely of a transitional zone characterized by the presence of enlarged cell-cords. Openings in the basement membrane of these enlarged cell-cords were seen in contact with the tumour tissue. Normal and neoplastic cells intermingled in the transitional zone. Normal residual cells could be seen in the central area of the tumour but no adenomatous cells were observed in the gland around the tumour. Folliculo-stellate cells were concentrated in the vicinity of the transition zone. These findings favour the existence of an active process of adenoma expansion within the normal parenchyma, without noticeable infiltration of tumour cells into surrounding gland.
 ...
PMID:Interactions between normal and tumoral tissues at the boundary of human anterior pituitary adenomas. An immunohistochemical study. 798 7

To clarify the sequential changes and morphological differences of the sinusoidal structures between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatocellular adenoma (HA), we examined morphological changes of sinusoidal cells and related structures such as basement membrane during hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. During continuous feeding of carcinogenic diets containing 2-acetylaminofluorene to rats, HA appeared at the 8th week in the peripheral area and then extended toward the centrolobular area. The appearance of HCC was recognized at the 27th week. In the HA lesion, the morphology of sinusoidal cells and related structures was basically the same as that of normal liver except for a slight thickening of the basement membrane and a decreased amount of vitamin A-lipid droplets of stellate cells. In HCC, the fenestrations of endothelial cells disappeared and the basement membrane became continuous, thick and often multilayered. Stellate cells contained almost no vitamin A-lipid droplets and were associated with abundant collagen fibers. Kupffer cells and pit cells were not seen inside the sinusoid. All these features of the sinusoids in HCC resembled the morphological characteristics of the capillary. The present study has revealed that HCC possesses sinusoid structures distinct from those of HA. This suggests that HCC may not derive directly from HA but may develop newly within the HA.
 ...
PMID:Light and electron microscopic analysis of liver sinusoids during hepatocarcinogenesis with 2-acetylaminofluorene in rats. 801 7

A male patient followed from the age of 3 to 25 years was eventually diagnosed as having Proteus syndrome. He was born with linear epidermal nevi of the neck and forearm and presented with macrodactyly of the right hand and progressive hemihypertrophy of the right lower limb recurring after multiple reduction operations. The bone ends showed disorderly overgrowth of hyaline and fibrocartilage mixed with collagen and bone, and early differential diagnoses included Ollier's disease. The child also had vertebral anomalies, scoliosis, a bony protrusion of the cranial vertex, and strabismus. In the second decade he developed gyriform swelling of the soles, retinopathy, bilateral papillary cysts of the epididymis, and a giant cyst of the left kidney with complex glandular foci. At 22 years a 3-cm meningioma containing adipose tissue was resected, and at 24 years a 3-cm cellular nodule of the rete testis with hyperchromatic foci, probably an adenoma, was removed. The features of Proteus syndrome were those of hyperplasia and neoplasia of mostly mesodermal tissues. Unlike other reported cases, overgrowth of a finger recurred at 25 years.
 ...
PMID:Pathology of osseous and genitourinary lesions of Proteus syndrome. 810 99

We examined the distribution and population density of human mast cells in thyroid glands. The results were compared with those of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats because they thyroid function of SD rats is known to be under the control of bioactive amines discharged from mast cells. Normal thyroid tissues were obtained either form autopsy or from a normal portion of the tissue distant from nodular lesions. Thyroid tissues were surgically removed from cases of Graves' disease and other tumorous lesions such as follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. The tissues were fixed with buffered formaldehyde or Carnoy fluid and embedded in paraffin. Mast cells were stained with toluidine blue and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase (esterase). Immunoperoxidase reactions to antihuman tryptase and chymase monoclonal antibodies were then observed. The mast cells were also observed by electron microscopy. The histamine content of the thyroid tissues was estimated by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The mast cells in SD rat thyroid glands were scattered in perifollicular connective tissues which were comprised of capillaries, fibroblasts, nerve fibers and occasional fine deposits of collagen fibrils. Their cytoplasmic granules appeared to be distinct, electron dense and amorphous. In contrast, the mast cells in normal human thyroid glands were scattered exclusively over relatively thick interstitial spaces like the interlobular and subcapsular connective tissues. These mesenchymal tissues were composed of bundles of collagen fibrils, fibroblasts, histiocytes and thin cytoplasmic processes of unknown origin. In pathologic thyroid tissues, the mast cells were distributed in a similar pattern over the connective tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Morphological characteristics of human mast cells in normal and pathological thyroid glands. Functional aspect of human mast cells in comparison with rat mast cells]. 819 22

The three-dimensional structure of the collagen network of normal mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the human large intestine was examined by scanning electron microscopy after cell-maceration with a low temperature NaOH solution. In the normal large intestine, the surface of the sub-basal laminar collagen sheath lining the crypts was generally smooth. In hyperplastic polyps, the crypts extended and the sub-basal collagen network protruded from the surrounding normal tissue. The sub-basal laminar collagen sheath was more densely arranged near the openings of the crypts and on the luminal surface than in deeper regions of the crypts. In tubular adenoma, the tumor glands showed meandering, bending, and divisions. The sub-basal laminar collagen sheath was composed of densely packed collagen fibrils. In villous adenoma, the sub-basal laminar collagen sheath formed foliate or linguiform villous cores projecting sharply into the lumen. In adenocarcinoma, the sub-basal laminar collagen sheath exhibited a dense arrangement of fibrils in the central region of the tumor. Toward the marginal region, the collagen sheaths surrounding tumor glands became thinner, and at the edge of the marginal region, basket-like collagen sheaths were observed around individual tumor cells infiltrating the interstitium. Such a tumor lesion was frequently surrounded by a thick collagen fiber zone.
 ...
PMID:Scanning electron microscopic study of the collagen networks of the normal mucosa, hyperplastic polyps, tubular adenoma, and adenocarcinoma of the human large intestine. 821 66

It is very difficult to differentiate follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma in thyroid follicular lesions. The authors investigated the biological behavior of these thyroid follicular lesions using immunohistochemical techniques. Specimens taken from normal thyroid, 2 cases; follicular adenoma, 9; atypical adenoma, 7; and follicular carcinoma, 8; were observed. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a marker of cellular proliferation. Nucleoli are also increased in number and move to the nuclear margin in cases of cellular proliferation. The PCNA labeling index was calculated by counting the number of PCNA-positive cells per 2,000 tumor cells. PCNA labeling indices were 0.025% in the normal thyroid, 1.41% in follicular adenoma, 5.73% in atypical adenoma, and 6.16% in follicular carcinoma, respectively. Nucleoli retaining rate of the tumor cells were 40.0% in follicular adenoma, 63.7% in atypical adenoma, and 71.8% in follicular carcinoma. Rates of nucleolus margination were 20.9% in follicular adenoma, 34.4% in atypical adenoma, and 36.0% in follicular carcinoma. Changes in the basement membrane were morphologically classified into three groups as follows; membrane structure almost preserved (group I), partial discontinuity (breaks) (group II), and widespread absence of membrane structure (group III), based on immunohistochemical investigation of Type IV collagen. Group I was demonstrated in 8 cases of follicular adenoma and one case of atypical adenoma. Group II was observed in one case of follicular adenoma, 3 cases of atypical adenoma and 3 cases of follicular carcinoma. In addition, group III was noted in 3 cases of atypical adenoma and 5 cases of follicular carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of borderline thyroid lesions with special reference to relationships among nuclear features, type IV collagen and malignancy of follicular lesions]. 829 68

Tumor invasion and metastasis are complex phenomena believed to be facilitated by the disruption of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix. Interstitial collagenase gene expression was studied in colonic adenocarcinoma and adenoma using in situ hybridization. The data indicated that three cell types within the tumor stroma expressed collagenase transcripts; they were eosinophils, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelium. In all 12 adenocarcinomas, a high to moderate level of expression was seen in 1 to 5% of eosinophils and in occasional fibroblasts, whereas these cell types in non-neoplastic mucosa adjacent to tumor showed no detectable expression. Two adenocarcinomas showed expression in hyperplastic endothelium in vascularized granulation tissue. Two out of three adenomas showed expression in eosinophils and fibroblasts at a reduced level. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 gene expression was, however, negligible in all tissue examined. These results suggest that interstitial collagenase gene activation in the tumor stroma, especially eosinophils, may have an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Interstitial collagenase gene expression in colonic neoplasia. 836 69

Three dimensional visualization of the matrical fibrous structure of pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid glands was performed by the freeze-fracture, deep-etch replica method(D-E). Three types of fine architecture, two in the myxoid area and one in the chondroid area, which could not be observed by ordinary transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were revealed. In addition, granular connections between the tumor cell membrane and matrical fibers, probably cell surface proteins, were visualized. In the myxoid area, one type of matrix which has a structure that cannot be identified on TEM, D-E demonstrated a uniform fine fibrous network consisting mainly of 7-10 nm diameter filaments and various architectures. These structural components were interlinked in a specific order and formed a basement membrane-like structure which contained the so-called 'hexagon-lattice structure' reported by Sawada. Another type which appears as an irregular spotty structure and a few collagen-bundles on TEM, was revealed by D-E to be composed of a fine fibrous network and collagen-bundles. The collagen-bundles and the network were also interconnected to form a more complicated network. In the chondroid area, the type of matrix appearing as a mottled amorphous area consisting of electron-dense and electron-lucent parts on TEM, was shown by D-E to be composed of mainly collagen-bundles and a less prominent fine fibrous network. As for the cell surface, there were numerous granular structures which were seen to be anchored within the membrane and rigidly connected with 7-10 nm diameter fibrils. However, direct connections between the cell membrane and collagen-bundles were unremarkable. No tumor cell basement membrane was observed. These findings indicate that, in constructing the tumor tissue and maintaining the tumor cells, the matrix could preserve suitable environment for these cells, and that the matrix and tumor cells may influence each other. To date, the matrix of this tumor has been regarded as a relatively uninteresting element. It was thought to lack any apparent structure and have little involvement in tumor biology. We, on the other hand, believe that this tumor matrix is an important component, and that future investigation of this matrix will provide new insights into the study of pleomorphic adenoma.
 ...
PMID:[The matrical fibrous structure in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland--three dimensional visualization by the freeze-fracture deep-etch replica method]. 838 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>