Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Optimal conditions for the quantitation of free prolactin binding components of human prostatic tissue obtained by TURP were studied by applying gamma receptor assay. The radioligand used was 125I-prolactin. Significantly greater heat stability of the prostate membrane prolactin binding sites, when compared to that of androgen cytoplasmic receptors, was confirmed. The saturability and specificity of the prolactin binding components was demonstrated by the results of both Scatchard plot analysis and displacement studies. Free prolactin receptors were found in none of the poorly differentiated (G3) prostatic tumors examined, and only in 62.5% of medium differentiated (G2) prostatic malignancies. The majority of tissue specimens coming from patients with either BPH or well differentiated prostatic tumor (G1) contain measureable amounts of free prolactin membrane binding components. In the present study we report also the case in which the change in tumor differentiation toward a higher grade (G2 to G1, provoked by the successful chemohormonal treatment) is accompanied with the appearance of previously absent free prolactin binding components. In histologically proven BPH tissue specimens free prolactin receptor negative status has been found in most patients with a slight increase in serum PAP values, while receptor rich status was detected in the majority of those with elevated PSA concentrations. We believe therefore that the prolactin receptor values, when used as part of the multivariable analysis, may participate in further delineation of the role of prolactin in the development of prostate cancer, but may also play a role in a subclinical prediction related to the conversion of either an adenoma or a latent adenocarcinoma to the clinically manifest prostatic malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Unoccupied prolactin binding components of the benign and malignant human prostate in a subclinical and clinical procedure. 247

PSA is, currently, the best marker to detect prostatic changes, although it looses specificity when used in the differential diagnosis of certain pathologies of the prostate gland. Forty-four patients with benign prostate hyperplasia were analyzed and 26 (59%) of them were found to have higher than normal PSA levels. An estimate was made of the degree of correlation between serum PSA and prostatic volume in the patients examined, so as to find a formula that could be useful to apply this marker in the differential diagnoses of prostate adenoma and hidden prostate cancer. No linear relationship was found between prostate volume with benign hyperplasia and PSA (R = 0.13). This lack of relationship in a high percentage of patients with prostate adenoma induces to turn unnecessary to histopathological confirmation in order to rule out prostate cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Relationship between serum PSA and prostate volume in benign hyperplasia]. 751 40

Medical treatments in BPH (5-alpha reductase inhibitors and alpha-blockers) have been extensively studied in the last years, but their clinical outcome is unpredictible. Therefore, a better selection of the patients before prescribing these medical treatment of BPH is certainly needed. The variability in tissue composition in BPH may partially explain the differences observed in clinical outcome after medical therapy. In the present study, we have quantified the percentage of the different tissue components (smooth muscle, epithelial cells) in a prostatic biopsy and in the corresponding whole-adenoma in 14 patients operated on of a retropubic adenomectomy. Immunostaining with actin anti-actin was used to stain the smooth muscle cells and with anti-PSA for the epithelial cells components. Quantification was made using a computerized image analysis system. Our results indicates that a statistically significative difference in the percentage of smooth muscle cells (p < 0.02) exists when comparing a single biopsy and the corresponding adenomas. In contrast, no difference was found in the percentage of epithelial cells, nor for the glandular acini between a single biopsy and the entire adenoma (paired t-test). Using a multivariate matrix, a statistically significative correlation was found between the percentage of smooth muscle cells in the biopsies and the prostatic adenomas in toto. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that major differences in the percentage of the different tissue components exist between different prostatic adenomas. A single prostatic biopsy could help in selecting patients prior to medical therapy for BPH.
 ...
PMID:[Is a single prostatic biopsy sufficient for selection of medical treatment in benign prostatic hypertrophy?]. 753 13

The currently growing importance of prostate cancer (PC) is given by the large increase in the number of cases diagnosed with this condition, to a great extent due to the diffusion of the most recent diagnostic techniques. Together with the traditional rectal examination, we have available today the PSA (prostate specific antigen) and the transrectal ultrasound, which allow to diagnose tumours undetectable with palpation. This paper presents the case of a male patient with high levels of PSA (in metastatic values), normal rectal examination and three series of negative prostate biopsies in spite of a high suspicion of PC, the diagnosis being confirmed after adenomectomy, with a subsequent PSA levels normalization, these levels remaining below 3 ng/ml after 22 months follow-up, which allows to think of a "recovery" (?) with just the removal of the prostate adenoma.
 ...
PMID:[Non-palpable prostatic cancer. Cure with adenomectomy?]. 880 95

Nineteen men with BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) were studied who had up to 6 months prior to complete urine retention PSA levels measured (PSA I). Subsequent PSA levels were obtained at 2 weeks post catheterization upon catheter removal (PSA II) and at 4 (PSA III) and 6 weeks post catheterization (PSA IV). Analysed were 18 mean PSA values [ng/ml] (as one patient was found to have prostatic cancer and his data were discarded): PSA I - 6.46, PSA II - 14.26, PSA III - 9.83 and PSA IV - 7.47. Initial data suggest that the irritation of the adenoma by the catheter may cause PSA levels to rise.
 ...
PMID:Bladder catheterization and a plasma prostate-specific antigen in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and complete urine retention. 893 94

In 180 men with BPH, aged 50-84 (mean 65) yrs. PSA levels were determined before and at 6 mo. after either transvesical removal of the adenoma (TRA, Group 1, n = 65), TURP (Group 2, n = 51) or after 6 mo. Doxazosin therapy (Group 3, n = 64). Fine-needle biopsy, performed when the baseline PSA exceeded 10 ng/ml, as well as pathologic examination of specimens taken during TRA and TURP confirmed BPH in all cases. After all modes of treatment the decrease in PSA values was largest in Group 1 and smallest in Group 3. This probably reflects the degree of completeness of adenoma removal. However, all therapeutic modalities including Doxazosin pharmacotherapy ensured PSA normalization, despite the persistence of the adenoma.
 ...
PMID:Serum PSA levels at 6 month after surgery, TURP or Doxazosin therapy for BPH. 908 30

60 patients, 64 years old on average, with no evidences of prostatic cancer, but with a PSA level greater than 8.9 ng/ml, have undergone six transrectal systematic sextant biopsies. All patients had no suspicious finding on digital rectal examination. Ultrasound transrectal examinations did not show hypoechoic areas suspected of a prostatic cancer. We used an automatic biopsy gun fitted with an 18 gauge biopsy needle. Three biopsies in each lobe, at the apex, in the midline zone and at the base of the prostate, in the parasaggital plane, was performed. No complications were found during following days. Of the 60 men, with a non suspicious prostate on rectal examination, 12 had prostatic cancer. They had, on average, a PSA level of 10.8 ng/ml. The PSAD level was, on average, of 0.18 and the Gleason score was, on average, of 3.8. The patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy did not have an infiltration of the glans capsule of seminal vesicles and no lymph node metastasis were found. In our study, the digital rectal and ultrasound examination alone would have missed the 23% of prostatic cancers. Therefore, according to the literature, the PSA makes us able to discover prostatic cancer more than the clinical and instrumental evaluation alone. Furthermore the ultrasound examination presents some diagnostic limits. Particularly it is very difficult to detect small cancer arising into the hypoechoic multinodular adenoma of the transition zone. In addition 10-20% of cancers, arising into the peripheral zone, are hysoechoic with the surrounding parenchyma. For that reason, when PSA value is greater then 8.9 ng/ml without clinical or ultrasound evidence of cancer, we recommend to perform six systematic sextant biopsies. At present, the real question is to determine whether this early diagnosis is useful for patients, because there is no certainty of the therapeutic benefit in terms of quantity and quality life.
 ...
PMID:[Early diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma by random biopsies in 60 patients clinically negative but with PSA greater than 8.9 ng/ml]. 947 17

The aim of the study was to determine whether relations do exist between the concentration and activity of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, both inside the prostatic adenoma and the periurethral zone corresponding to the bladder neck, and clinical and biological parameters such as symptoms, evaluated by the American Urological Association (AUA) score, age, weight of the prostate, PSA, and the flow rate. Twenty patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were selected for an open prostatectomy. One gram of tissue was dissected from inside the adenoma and 1 g from the periurethral zone corresponding to the bladder neck. The alpha(1)-adrenoceptors were evaluated for the apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) and the maximal number of binding sites (B(max)). A correlation seems to exist between receptor density inside the adenoma and the bladder neck and an inverse correlation between receptor density and the AUA total symptoms score. Finally, a highly significant difference was found in patients with an AUA score of <15 or >15. No relationship was found between receptor binding affinity and the considered clinical parameters.
 ...
PMID:Benign prostatic hyperplasia: correlations between receptor density and binding affinity of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors and several clinical parameters. 1205 26

The 5 cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC); very rare, but distinct group of highly malignant salivary gland tumor are presented, and difficulties with pathological and clinical diagnosis is discussed. The SDC developed in single cases in parotid salivary gland, submandibular salivary and in mucosa of maxillary sinus, pyriform fossa and oral cavity (check). In 3 cases the second malignant tumor was present--synchronously (SDC + pleomorphic adenoma in parotid gland; SDC + squamous cell carcinoma in hypopharynx) or metachroneously (squamous cell carcinoma of upper lip followed by SDC). In one case the high levels of PSA suggesting of metastases from unknown primary within the prostate gland, or PSA expression related to SDC was observed. The four patients received radical treatment - surgical resection followed by radiotherapy; in one case only palliative treatment was applied, due to patient's poor general condition and high advancement of the primary disease. The observation ranged from 10 to 77 months (average time--31 months). The one patient died 13 months after diagnosis and palliative treatment. The three patients are alive with distant metastases to the lung and bones (77, 38 and 18 months after primary treatment was completed). Only one patient with 10 months observation after treatment is living without symptoms of recurrence or metastases.
 ...
PMID:[Salivary duct carcinoma--a clinicopathological analysis of five cases]. 1760 16

Safety of testosterone undecanoate in relation to initiation of cancer and prostatic adenoma (PA) in patients with androgenic deficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED) was studied for 12 months in 49 patients aged 57 to 73 years treated with intramuscular testosteron injections. The size of the prostate in patients with adenoma was 46.34 +/- 21.12 cm3 while in adenoma-free patients--19.11 +/- 6.57 sm3. Diabetes mellitus of type 2 (DM-2) was diagnosed in 46.9% patients. All the patients had documented hypogonadism and ED. Tests for PSA and transrectal ultrasound investigation was made in all the patients. 12 month testosterone therapy produced normalization of a mean level of testosterone in both groups, index of erectile function increased. In one patient PSA rose higher than normal value. None of the patients developed obstruction of the urinary tract. Body mass index, lipid spectrum and carbohydrate metabolism also improved. Thus, long-term therapy with testosterone undecanoate has no effect on PSA level, does not induce urinary obstruction with enlarged prostate. The presence of DM-2 is not a contraindication for androgen therapy in adenoma patients. By reducing body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDLP, testosterone therapy lowers the risk of prostatic cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Safety of long-term replacement hormonal therapy in patients with erectile dysfunction and androgen deficiency]. 1825 26


1 2 3 Next >>