Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The S100A4 gene (also known as pEL98/mts1/p9Ka/18A2/42A/calvasculin /FSP1/CAPL) encoding an S100-related calcium-binding protein is implied to be involved in the invasion and metastasis of murine tumor cells. In the present study, the expression of S100A4 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (SW837, LoVo, DLD-1, HT-29, SW480, SW620, WiDr, and Colo201) and surgically resected neoplastic tissues was examined to investigate whether S100A4 plays a role in the invasion and metastasis of human tumor cells. Northern blot analysis using total RNA isolated from the adenocarcinoma cell lines revealed that five of the eight cell lines expressed substantial amounts of S100A4 mRNA. Normal colon fibroblasts (CCD-18Co) expressed little of the RNA. Using surgically resected specimens, it seemed that the amount of S100A4 mRNA in adenomas was nearly equal to that in normal colonic mucosa, whereas adenocarcinomas expressed a significantly higher amount of the RNA than did the adjacent normal colonic mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens and monoclonal anti-S100A4 antibody demonstrated that none of 12 adenoma specimens were immunopositive, whereas 8 of 18 (44%) focal carcinomas in carcinoma in adenoma specimens and 50 of 53 (94%) adenocarcinoma specimens were immunopositive. Interestingly, the incidence of immunopositive cells increased according to the depth of invasion, and nearly all of the carcinoma cells in 14 metastases in the liver were positive. These results suggest that S100A4 may be involved in the progression and the metastatic process of human colorectal neoplastic cells.
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PMID:Increased expression of S100A4, a metastasis-associated gene, in human colorectal adenocarcinomas. 981 29

Thyroid nodules are common. It would very helpful if genetic markers that can diagnose malignancy from fine needle aspiration samples were available. Few such markers has been thus identified and none are specific. Large panels of potential markers can be screened by microarray technology. Studies done to date have concentrated on single tumor types and thus provide no help in identifying tumor subtype specific markers. To that end we have studied gene profiles of 5 types of benign and malignant thyroid nodular tissue (multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, papillary and follicular carcinomas). We have identified 195 genes whose differential expression clustered into clinically relevant groups. Twenty-eight genes were selected for further confirmation using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Despite the differences in the microarray panels used, we confirmed the differential regulation of 12 genes previously reported in thyroid cancer, although we found the expression of several genes to be regulated in other histological tumor subtypes than originally described. We found, PCSK2, TRIB1, RAP1 GA1 to be specifically overexpressed in follicular cancer and S100A4 and GK2 in papillary carcinoma. SERP1, RNASE 2 and STATA5 were suppressed in papillary thyroid cancer. We have thus identified new potential markers specific to malignant thyroid tumors. It is apparent that a range of nodular thyroid tissue using large tumor sample numbers is necessary to establish robust markers for malignancy and to categorize tumors on the basis of small tumor samples.
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PMID:Gene profiling identifies genes specific for well-differentiated epithelial thyroid tumors. 1617 53

S100A9, a calcium-binding protein, is associated with myeloid cell differentiation and is expressed in some adenocarcinomas as well as in squamous epithelia and squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we immunohistochemically investigated S100A9 expression in thyroid neoplasms. S100A9 was absent in normal follicles, follicular adenoma, and follicular and papillary carcinomas with conventional growth structures. In lesions showing a solid, trabecular, or scirrhous growth pattern, S100A9 immunoreacitivity was occasionally observed. One (5.9%) of the 17 follicular carcinomas and three (7.8%) of the 38 papillary carcinomas were regarded as positive for S100A9, but the positive cell areas always accounted for 5% or less. However, S100A9 was positive in all 19 undifferentiated carcinomas examined. Among them, the positive cell area was greater than 5% in 16 (84.2%), and greater than 25% in six (31.6%) cases. It is therefore suggested that S100A4 protein plays an important role in thyroid carcinoma dedifferentiation, and can be considered a novel characteristic of undifferentiated carcinoma.
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PMID:S100A9 expression is significantly linked to dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma. 1625 7

The accurate diagnosis of differentiated thyroid tumors is very important for clinical management of patients. The histopathological distinction between some types of differentiated thyroid tumors can be very difficult even for experienced pathologists. We used immunohistochemical markers from published data obtained from DNA expression profiling, tissue microarray analysis, and immunohistochemistry to analyze a series of 157 thyroid tumors and 5 normal thyroids. These analyses showed that several antibodies were useful in distinguishing follicular adenomas from follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas including HBME-1, CITED1, galectin-3, cytokeratin 19, and S100A4 (p < 0.0001). A combination of markers consisting of a panel of HBME-1, galectin-3, and CK19 or a panel of HBME-1, CITED1, and galectin-3 was usually most effective in distinguishing follicular adenoma from follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Because individual tumors may not express some of these markers, the use of a panel of antibodies is recommended. These results indicate that some individual antibodies or a panel of antibodies combined with histopathological analysis can be useful in separating follicular adenoma (FA) from follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC).
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PMID:Immunohistochemical separation of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma. 1730 58

Carcinomas of the Vaterian system are rare and presumably arise from preexisting adenomas (adenoma-carcinoma-sequence). Usually, biopsies are obtained to confirm and specify endoscopic findings, but differentiating reactive atypia from dysplasia or dysplasia from invasive carcinoma can sometimes be difficult or even impossible on morphological criteria alone. In case of invasive carcinoma, furthermore, the precise classification of carcinoma subtypes needs to be established since the distinct subtypes differ significantly in terms of clinical outcome. The cell adhesion proteins CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 were shown to be expressed in several carcinomas and in dysplastic epithelium but only rarely in normal mucosa. We therefore investigated their expression in 177 carcinoma, 114 adenoma and 152 normal mucosa specimens of the ampulla of Vater. Although the expression of the cell adhesion proteins did not differ between the carcinoma subtypes, marked differences between normal mucosa, adenoma and carcinoma samples were observed. All marker proteins were expressed in less than 7% of normal mucosa samples (S100A4 in only 1% of cases) and showed an increasing expression from adenoma to invasive carcinoma. Our findings suggest that P-cadherin and S100A4 are helpful in discriminating normal mucosa or reactive atypia from neoplastic lesions. CD24 and S100A4, furthermore, can assist in the differential diagnosis of dysplasia vs invasive carcinoma.
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PMID:Expression of CD24, P-cadherin and S100A4 in tumors of the ampulla of Vater. 1904 99