Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1979 to 1984, we followed the cases of 3 men (aged 13, 31, and 75 yr) and 2 women (aged 38 and 45 yr who had never used oral contraceptives) suffering from liver adenomatosis, an uncommon lesion consisting of numerous benign adenomas in an otherwise normal hepatic parenchyma. During the same period, we observed 20 cases of liver adenoma (one tumor in 18 patients and two tumors in 2 patients). From these cases and the review of previously reported cases of liver adenomatosis and series of liver adenoma, the following distinctive characteristics of these two benign conditions of the liver can be outlined: liver adenomatosis affects men and women, whereas liver adenoma predominantly affects women; liver adenomatosis is unrelated, whereas liver adenoma is closely related, to oral contraceptive use; increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase are common in liver adenomatosis, but are uncommon in liver adenoma.
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PMID:Liver adenomatosis. An entity distinct from liver adenoma? 241 30

Characteristic enzyme alterations have been demonstrated during the stages of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTPase) in hyperplastic and neoplastic hepatocytes is usually increased, whereas that of canalicular adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is more variable. The activities of these marker enzymes were studied by histochemical techniques in 10 human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 1 liver cell adenoma, and 1 cholangiocarcinoma of liver. In 9 cases, the nontumorous liver was also examined. All HCCs, but not the liver cell adenoma, displayed enzyme patterns that differed from normal. GGTPase activity was markedly increased in 8 HCCs, whereas the activities of G6Pase and ATPase were lost in 6 and 8 HCCs, respectively. These enzyme alterations occurred as 5 of 7 possible combinations, resulting in significant heterogeneity of enzyme phenotypes, similar to that in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Enzyme patterns in human hepatocellular carcinoma. 624 71

Tumor-promoting effects of phenobarbital (PB) and sodium saccharin (SS) were tested in rats pretreated with N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) with special reference to the site of their action. Male F344 rats were initially given injections of NMU (20 mg/kg i.p.) twice a week for 4 weeks, then given basal diet containing 0.05% PB or 5% SS for the next 32 weeks, and then killed. Appropriate control studies were also done. Histological examination of whole organs of the rats showed that PB promoted thyroid carcinogenesis whereas SS did not. A significant increase in the incidences of total tumors as well as papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid was observed in the group given PB after NMU (p less than 0.001). The incidence of papillary adenoma with or without papillary adenocarcinomas was also high in the NMU-PB-treated group. The organ-specific promoting effect of PB in the induction of preneoplastic lesions, as demonstrated by development of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci in the liver and of SS in papillary or nodular hyperplasia in the urinary bladder, as reported previously, was also confirmed. The incidences of papillomas in the forestomach were similar in groups treated with NMU-PB, NMU-SS, or NMU alone. The results indicate that PB is a tumor promoter in the liver and thyroid and that SS is a tumor promoter in the urinary bladder of rats.
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PMID:Organ-specific promoting effect of phenobarbital and saccharin in induction of thyroid, liver, and urinary bladder tumors in rats after initiation with N-nitrosomethylurea. 685 Jun 38

A chronic toxicity study of kojic acid (KA) was performed using male F344 rats by dietary administration at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.5 and 2.0% for 55 weeks. Body weight gain was suppressed in the 2.0% group. The major hematological findings were decreased red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit (Ht) values at both 0.5 and 2.0%. In serum biochemistry, increased aspartate transaminase (AsT), alanine transaminase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) levels were detected in the 0.5 and 2.0% groups. Histopathologically, single cell necrosis of hepatocytes and proliferation of bile ductules in both treatment groups, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes, granulomas and proliferation of bile ducts in the 2.0% group were increased in incidence, and numbers and areas of glutathione-S-transferase placental-form (GST-P) positive foci were increased in the liver of the 2.0% group. In the thyroids, diffuse follicular cell hyperplasia at 0.5 and 2.0% and focal follicular cell hyperplasia and follicular adenoma at 2.0% were increased. A thyroid follicular carcinoma was also observed at 2.0%. Additionally, increased incidences of hyaline casts and basophilic tubules in the kidneys at 2.0% and microgranulomas containing crystals in the lung in both treatment groups were noted. At 2.0%, hypertrophy of cortical cells in zona fasciculata was also increased in the adrenals. In conclusion, no observed adverse effect level of KA was below 0.5%, which is equivalent to 227 mg/kg body weight/day in male rats.
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PMID:A 55-week chronic toxicity study of dietary administered kojic acid (KA) in male F344 rats. 1948 84