Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumours of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, of which 70% arise in the colorectum, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transformation from normal to malignant mucosa is a multistep process involving specific gene mutations and is called the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Histologically, adenomas are of three types (tubular, tubulovillous and villous) and the extent of mucosal cellular abnormality of three grades (mild, moderate and severe). Cellular proliferation is a marker of malignant potential in many tissues. In the colon, cellular proliferation is partly controlled by the CDX-2 gene, a homeobox gene expressed in differentiated cells of the intestine that has proto-oncogenic potential in murine models. In the stomach, CDX-2 is expressed in intestinal metaplasia and decreasing expression through tumourogenesis shows its tumour suppressor potential. Down-regulation in colorectal cancer cell lines is also observed. This is a retrospective study of colorectal adenomas, and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunocytochemical staining for CDX-2 and MIB-1 (a cell proliferation marker) are performed on each case. Comment is made on the morphological features (adenoma type and dysplasia severity) and the grade of CDX-2 and MIB-1 expression. This study showed that dysplasia severity is linked to cellular proliferation (P=0.011) but adenoma type was not (P=0.54). CDX-2 was not linked to the morphological features discussed (P=0.11 and P=0.16) and CDX-2 and MIB-1 expression showed no correlation. Increased cell proliferation (MIB-1 expression) was seen in increasingly dysplastic adenomatous lesions of the colorectum. CDX-2 had no link to morphological features or cell proliferation of the dysplastic mucosa.
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PMID:CDX-2 and MIB-1 expression in the colorectum: correlation with morphological features of adenomatous lesions. 1687 98

We report a mucinous borderline tumor arising from a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of left kidney (MESTK). The patient was an 82-year-old woman who presented with gross hematuria and recurrent urinary tract infection for years. The patient had a cytoscopy with a retrograde pyelogram, which indicated a dilated left kidney with a central mass lesion. Subsequently, she underwent a radical left nephrectomy. Cross-sections of left kidney showed a 4.5 x 3.5 x 1.5 cm ill-defined cystic lesion with mucinous and solid areas. Histologic sections of the lesion showed numerous variable-sized dilated cysts with fibrous, fatty, vascular, and smooth muscle stroma. The cysts were lined by a various types of epithelium, including single layer of flat, cuboidal and mucinous epithelium, urothelium, intestinal epithelium, and endocervical epithelium. In areas, the mucinous epithelium showed complex proliferation with stratification, papillae formation, and nuclear atypia, resembling that of an ovarian mucinous borderline tumor, a colorectal tubular adenoma, or a low-grade appendiceal mucinous carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, the mucinous borderline tumor showed a colorectal phenotype, being strongly positive for CK20, CDX-2, and MUC2. There was no invasive mucinous tumor identified. We believe that this case represents the first reported example of mucinous borderline tumor arising from a MESTK.
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PMID:Intestinal type of mucinous borderline tumor arising from mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney. 1975 27

Primary intestinal-type glandular lesions of the vagina are rare. We report a series of 14 lesions, including 1 intestinal-type polyp without neoplastic features, 3 adenomas (2 with high-grade dysplasia), and 10 adenocarcinomas. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 86 years (mean 60 y) and presented with vaginal bleeding or a mass. No history of diethylstilbestrol exposure, adenosis, or endometriosis was elicited in any patient. The lesions were mostly polypoid, small (0.8 to 2.0 cm), and located in the posterior (6 cases) and lower (7 cases) vagina. One carcinoma metastasized to a para-aortic lymph node; the others were confined to the vagina. The neoplasms exhibited histologic features identical to those seen in primary large intestinal tumors, including variable numbers of goblet cells and in 1 case neuroendocrine cells. Five of the adenocarcinomas contained areas consistent with a precursor adenoma. In 3 cases, a benign urothelium-lined duct was adjacent to the lesion, and in 2 patients benign intestinal-type epithelium was present; no other potential benign precursor lesions were seen. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 6 cases; the tumors were positive for CDX-2 (6/6), CK20 (5/6), CEA (5/5), CK7 (4/6), and CA-125 (2/4) and were negative for ER (0/6) and p16 (0/2). Clinical outcome data were available in 3 patients with adenocarcinomas; 1 died of disease in <1 year, and 2 were alive with no evidence of disease at 2 and 7 years. The pertinent literature is reviewed, and the potential origin and differential diagnosis of these lesions are discussed.
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PMID:Primary intestinal-type glandular lesions of the vagina: clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 14 cases ranging from benign polyp to adenoma to adenocarcinoma. 2472 61