Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

DNA extracted from 29 colorectal carcinomas and 40 sporadic adenomas was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysed for the presence of K-ras gene mutations at codon 12 using a panel of synthetic oligonucleotide probes specific for normal and mutated sequences. The presence of mutations was correlated with various histopathological and clinical data. Ten carcinomas (34.5%) and 14 sporadic adenomas (35%) showed K-ras mutations at codon 12. In the carcinoma group, no apparent correlation was found between the presence of mutant oncogenes and the degree of histological differentiation, Dukes' staging or the development of distant metastasis. In the adenoma group, the frequency of mutations increased with the size of the adenoma and the severity of the dysplastic changes. This study confirms that ras gene mutations are common and early events in colon carcinogenesis. They appear to give a selective growth advantage to those polyps with mutations which leads to their increase in size and thus possibly prepare the ground for malignant transformation.
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PMID:K-ras gene mutations in adenomas and carcinomas of the colon. 134 Dec 61

Colonoscopy was offered to 206 first-degree relatives of 181 patients operated on for colorectal cancer (CRC). Findings of polyps in relatives correlated with Dukes staging, extent of dedifferentiation and localization of tumour in the operated patient, and type of family relationship. Adenomas in relatives and Dukes staging of carcinoma in the patients were inversely related. Relatives of patients with Dukes stage A tumour had more than twice as many adenomas as and a higher prevalence of multiple adenomas than relatives of patients with advanced cancer at the time of operation. If the patient had polyp(s) in addition to tumour, the number of adenomas per relative was almost doubled. Hyperplastic polyps in relatives were associated with poorly differentiated carcinoma in their related patients. These results support the theory that not all CRC are derived from polyps and that adenoma-derived CRC may have a better prognosis than 'de novo' CRC. An adenoma prevalence risk table is also presented.
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PMID:Colonoscopic screening examination of relatives of patients with colorectal cancer. II. Relations between tumour characteristics and the presence of polyps. 143 49

In 1982-1991 at the Fourth Medical Clinic 309 asymptomatic family members meeting the criteria of the hereditary form of colorectal carcinoma (Lynch syndrome--syndrome of familial cancer, also "non-polypous" hereditary colorectal carcinoma) which differs from familial polyposis (adenomatosis) of the colon. The syndrome is characterized by autosomal dominant heredity and by familial incidence of colorectal carcinoma (Lynch I) or colorectal carcinoma and carcinoma of other, in particular gynaecological areas (Lynch II) and a younger age of the affected subjects, a more frequent localization in the right colon, synchronous and metachronous neoplasia. In the authors group 34% were type I, the remainder type II. Initial total coloscopy revealed carcinoma in 51 subjects (78% in the right colon), adenomatous polyps in 99 (73% in the right colon). The mean age of the patients with carcinoma was 47.5 years, of those with adenoma 46.5 years. The majority of cases were recorded in subjects with three or more than three direct relatives with carcinoma (highest risk grade). During subsequent coloscopic check-up examinations at intervals depending on individual risk, colorectal carcinoma was detected in another six subjects. In 30 patients it was carcinoma Dukes A, in 12 B and in 3 Dukes C. These results indicate that identification of asymptomatic cases of Lynch syndromes via the family-history and coloscopic follow-up contributes to the early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:[Significance of the detection of the familial carcinoma syndrome (Lynch I and II) in the early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma]. 163 99

The proportion of neoplastic cells immunocytochemically positive for type IV collagenase (IVase), laminin receptor (LR), and Ki67 proliferation-associated antigen increased during the progression of human colon, gastric, and breast carcinomas. Thirty cases of colonic adenoma were compared with 30 cases of Dukes' A or B stage carcinoma and ten cases of Dukes' C stage carcinoma. The percentage of positive cells increased significantly (P less than 0.001) for all three antigens comparing carcinomas with adenomas and Dukes' C stage compared with Dukes' A/B stage. The same pattern of antigen correlation with progression was found with 40 human gastric carcinomas. Gastric carcinomas classified as well-differentiated advanced stage contained a significantly higher proportion of tumor cells positive for IVase (P less than 0.001), LR (P less than 0.001), and Ki67 (P less than 0.001) compared with well-differentiated superficial tumors. Gastric carcinomas classified as poorly differentiated superficial had a significantly higher proportion of cells positive for Ki67 (P less than 0.016), but not IVase (P less than 0.069) or LR (P less than 0.075), compared with poorly differentiated advanced tumors. Metastasis of colon and gastric carcinoma retained the immunostaining pattern of the primary tumors. Thirty cases of breast neoplasia were compared with 30 adjacent samples of normal duct epithelium. A positive correlation (P less than 0.001) was found for the immunoreactivity of all three antigens in the invasive carcinomas compared with the normal epithelium. Invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma had a significantly higher percentage of immunoreactivity for the three antigens compared with corresponding in situ lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Augmentation of type IV collagenase, laminin receptor, and Ki67 proliferation antigen associated with human colon, gastric, and breast carcinoma progression. 164 57

Anal and recto-sigmoid Crohn's disease may rarely be complicated by the development of local malignancy. Eight patients with this association were identified from the records of St. Mark's Hospital between 1947 and 1988 and two from The London Hospital. The aetiology of the malignancies and their surgical management have been examined. Eight patients had adenocarcinoma of the anus, rectum or sigmoid colon and two had squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Synchronous dysplasia, adenomas and carcinomas were found in four of the eight patients with adenocarcinoma and a progression to malignancy which is analogous to that in ulcerative colitis is proposed for these cases via a 'dysplasia-carcinoma' or 'adenoma-carcinoma' sequence. In the four other patients with adenocarcinoma, the tumour arose within an area of Crohn's disease or in association with a chronic Crohn's fistula. In these four cases no dysplasia was found in the specimens at that time and long-standing infection is the only aetiological factor identified. Evidence for infection with human papillomavirus (HPV 16) was sought by DNA hybridisation of archival material but none was found in material from the Crohn's disease, fistulae or adeno- or squamous cell carcinomas. Anal and rectosigmoid Crohn's disease disguised the presence of malignancy, and diagnosis was usually delayed. All patients underwent excisional surgery and eight of the ten had all of the large bowel removed either as a single procedure or in stages. Only three of the eight cases of adenocarcinoma had early malignancies (Dukes' stage A) and the remaining five cases had locally advanced disease (Dukes' stage B).
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PMID:The aetiology and surgery of carcinoma of the anus, rectum and sigmoid colon in Crohn's disease. Negative correlation with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16). 165 51

Fifty-eight Feulgen-stained imprint smears from freshly resected colorectal tissue were analyzed by means of a SAMBA 200 cell image processor to establish a quantitative grading of their evolution from normal to malignant mucosa on the basis of 15 morphonuclear parameters relative to morphometry (nuclear size), densitometry (DNA content), and texture (chromatin pattern). The colorectal samples belonged to six groups: normal mucosa from patients without (Group 1) or with (Group 2) colorectal cancer, adenomas (Group 3), and cancers corresponding to the three stages of the Dukes' classification (Groups 4 to 6). Results indicated that analysis of the morphonuclear parameters computed on 250 to 300 nuclei/cases objectively and quantitatively showed the adenoma-cancer sequence. This need for only a small number of nuclei to assess a highly efficient analysis created a preoperative investigative tool using cytologic smears during endoscopy. The authors also made preliminary data banks for objective and reproducible grading of unknown cases by comparisons (discriminant analyses) with their contents. This approach must be validated prospectively on a large series of cases to furnish a system for colorectal malignancy diagnosis.
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PMID:Characterization of human colorectal mucosa, polyps, and cancers by means of computerized morphonuclear image analyses. 169 45

To additionally understand the molecular mechanisms and biologic indicators of colonic tumorigenesis through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, protein kinase C (PKC) activity was examined in the cytosol and particulate fraction of specimen homogenates from 18 human colonic carcinomas and seven coexisting colonic adenomas and was compared with the adjacent normal mucosal tissues. This study showed that PKC activity could be detected precisely using mini DEAE-Sephacel column purification and histone III-S as a substrate. The PKC activity in both colonic adenoma and carcinoma progressively was reduced in the particulate fraction compared with that of the adjacent normal mucosa from each patient (74.9 +/- 11.3 and 42.4 +/- 9.37 versus 112 +/- 16.8 pmol/min/mg, P less than 0.001), although PKC activity in the cytosolic fraction was not significantly different (62.6 +/- 17.7 and 63.1 +/- 8.08 versus 56.4 +/- 7.32 pmol/min/mg) with respect to protein concentration. Both colonic adenomas and carcinomas showed a significant progressive decrease in total particulate PKC activity compared with the adjacent normal mucosa of each patient (13.5 +/- 2.18 and 7.64 +/- 1.35 versus 19.8 +/- 2.74 pmol/min/g tissue, P less than 0.001) and no difference in total cytosolic PKC activity (15.2 +/- 3.80 and 16.5 +/- 2.02 versus 14.6 +/- 1.81 pmol/min/g tissue). Among PKC activities in carcinomas, there was no difference related to histologic type, Dukes' staging, or carcinoembryonic antigen values. Among PKC activities in colonic adenomas, a significant decrease in particulate PKC correlated with size. The specific PKC activity in the particulate fraction decreased with advancing adenoma size (P less than 0.05). This study showed that colonic carcinogenesis might be associated with alterations in cellular levels of PKC activity and that the decrease in particulate PKC activity in the adenoma had a possible correlation with adenoma size.
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PMID:Protein kinase C activity in human colonic adenoma and colorectal carcinoma. 172 70

By analyzing the characteristics of colonic carcinoma on the ten-year material of the Department for pathology of the Senta Hospital we came to a conclusion that this disease has a greater part in the mortality structure of the region along the river Tisa in relation to the Vojvodina average. Some morphologically prognostic elements (the tumor type, the intensity of peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration) do not show any significant deviations from literature facts, while tumor differentiation, the type of invasion and grading according to Dukes indicate a less favorable situation in our surroundings. An attempt was made to evidence the relation between colonic adenoma and carcinoma on the basis of classic morphology and the presence of nucleolar organizers. Our results indicate the insufficient discovering of precancerous states and early stadiums of colonic cancer in our surroundings.
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PMID:[Characteristics of colonic carcinoma in our material]. 180 80

The nuclear DNA distribution pattern was studied by means of image cytometry in 18 patients with synchronous and 7 patients with metachronous colorectal adenocarcinomas. About 80 percent of a total number of 53 carcinomas were found to consist of neoplastic cells where the nuclear DNA distribution pattern was of the aneuploid type. In 19 of the 25 patients, all carcinomas in the individual colon had identical nuclear DNA distribution patterns. Aneuploid tumors tended to appear more frequently in the sigmoid colon and the rectum than in the right colon. Carcinomas associated with an adenoma were more common in the rectum and in Dukes' A carcinomas. The results of cytometric assessments of the nuclear DNA ploidy pattern of the neoplastic cells in colorectal carcinomas have previously been found to be an independent prognostic variable. From the observations made in the present study, it is concluded that the cytometric DNA ploidy pattern of multiple primary colorectal carcinomas corresponds to that found in single carcinomas. The similarity between the two groups of cancer patients is also supported by conformity between histopathologic features and prognosis.
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PMID:Multiple primary colorectal adenocarcinomas: cytometric DNA ploidy patterns and histopathologic features. 191 48


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