Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For the purpose of determining the significance of CGRP for endocrine tumors, we attempted to establish CGRP radioimmunoassay (RIA) system and to measure plasma CGRP levels in patients with endocrine tumor. One ml of plasma (EDTA-2K + aprotinin 500.KIE/ml) was applied to Sep-Pak C 18 column, and was eluted by 90% MeOH plus 0.1% TFA. The eluted samples were used for RIA. RIA was performed by two day-one day system (delayed assay). B/F separation was made by two Ab-PEG method. Cross-reactivity of antisera was 0.0025% and below 0.0001% against PTH and calcitonin in human, respectively. The standard curve of CGRP showed a dose response curve. Results of dilution and reproduction tests were excellent. Normal range of serum CGRP was 6.7 +/- 3.0 pg/ml (M +/- SD) and the cut-off level was determined to be 12.7 pg/ml. Plasma CGRP showed 128,323 and 2,010 pg/ml in three preoperative patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, indicating extremely high levels. On the other hand, plasma CGRP levels increased in 2/7, 2/4, 2/5, and 0/3 in patients with parathyroid adenoma, benign insulinoma, carcinoid and pheochromocytoma, respectively. Correlation between CGRP level and calcitonin levels was significant (r = 0.789) in only 16 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. This study suggests that our CGRP RIA system was satisfactory for clinical use and measurement of CGRP may be potentially useful for clearing the pathophysiology of neuroendocrine tumors, although CGRP level was raised in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:[Radioimmunoassay of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in patients with endocrine tumor]. 278 8

To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related protein (Fas, FasL, and Bcl-2) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (ATDs), immunohistochemical staining was performed on 20 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 20 Graves' disease (GD), and 20 thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA, as control). All the cases expressed Fas, mainly on the cell surface and cytoplasm. FasL was found in 17 cases of the TFA. Bcl-2 was detected in 15 cases of HT, 19 of GD and 17 of TFA. In TFA, a moderate Fas expression and a minimal or no FasL expression was detected on follicular cells. In HT, the follicles adjacent to infiltrating lymphocytes showed increased levels of Fas and FasL expression. A weaker staining of Fas and FasL was exhibited on infiltrating lymphocytes than on thyrocytes. In a comparison of GD with HT, thyrocytes and lymphocytes showed similar Fas staining, but for FasL the staining was rather weaker in HT. The expression of Bcl-2 was nearly identical in GD and TFA, but much weaker on the follicular cells in vicinity of lymphocytes and on the lymphocytes located in germinal centers of HT tissues. The expression of Fas, FasL, Bcl-2 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease were almost same. FasL strong expression and Bcl-2 weak expression on the follicles in HT may induce apoptosis. These results provided evidence for expression of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. The lymphocytes seem not to be directly engaged in the process via their own FasL, but they may provide some cytokines that, in turn, upregulate Fas and/or FasL expression to induce apoptosis.
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PMID:Analysis of the expression of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders. 1621 72

To investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein and CD 83 in the thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs), and to study the role of the dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of ATDs, immunohistochemical staining was used on pathological tissues of 20 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 20 patients with Graves' disease (GD) to check the expression and distribution of S-100 protein and CD 83. Compared with control group (20 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma, TFA), the higher expressions of S-100 in HT (139.38+/-5.92 vs 59.47+/-11.69) and GD (119.42+/-14.48 vs 59.47+/-11.69) were observed respectively (p<0.001). The increased positive expressions of CD 83 which is known as a marker of mature and activated DCs in HT (22.58+/-13.96 vs 5.19+/-8.08) and GD (29.92 +/-14.43 vs 5.19+/-8.08) were also found respectively (p<0.001). Serum TPO antibody (TPO-Ab, 67.3+/-11.6%) and Tg antibody (Tg-Ab, 59.8+/-10.1%) in HT were higher than those in GD (28.4+/-5.7%, 23.1+/-4.9%) and TFA (6.1+/-3.4%, 7.2 +/-4.6%) (p<0.01). Serum TR-Ab in GD (16.3+/-5.6 U/L) was higher than those in HT (4.8+/- 2.3 U/L) and TFA (2.5+/-1.2 U/L) (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that the high expression of DCs' markers may be related to the pathogenesis of HT and GD. The upregulation of both the number and the matured functions of DCs, may lead to present more antigens and to produce more auto-antibodies (such as Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab in HT, TR-Ab in GD), which may be involved in pathogenesis of the autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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PMID:The expression and distribution of S-100 protein and CD 83 in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases. 1628 98

Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptosis-related proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD). This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in the thyroid tissues of ATD and their role in ATD pathogenesis as determined by immunochemical staing techniques and other methods. Pathological tissues of 30 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 30 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 30 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA, as control) were used for this study. A higher expression of S-100 in HT (4.2+/-3.1%) and GD (3.9+/-2.8%) vs TFA (0.95+/-0.64%) (p<0.001). was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in HT (22.58+/-13.96% and GD (29.92+/-14.43%) vs TFA (5.19+/-8.08%) (p<0.001). HT thyrocytes adjacent to thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) showed greater increases in the levels of Fas and FasL than did the GD thyrocytes while HT TILs exhibited lower expression of Fas and FasL than did the GD TILs. GD thyrocytes expressed increased levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 as compared to the low levels detected in HT thyrocytes. An opposite pattern was observed in the TILs in GD (low expression of Bcl-2) and HT (high expression of Bcl-2). The findings suggest that the high expression of DC markers is related to the pathogenesis of HT and GD. Up-regulation of both the number and matured functions of DCs may lead to the presentation of more antigens to lymphocytes which are related to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl-2 in GD favors apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes and thyrocyte survival. The regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl-2 in HT may promote thyrocyte apoptosis leading to hypothyroidism.
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PMID:Expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in thyroid tissues of autoimmune thyroid diseases. 1816 59

Previous studies have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and apoptosis play a critical role in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma (TC). This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in the thyroid tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) and their role in TPC pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining techniques and other methods were used on pathological tissues of 30 patients with Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) and 30 cases of thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA,as control) to detect the expression and distribution of S-100 protein, CD83, Fas, FasL and Bcl-2. A higher expression of S-100 protein in TPC (4.6+/-3.2%) vs.TFA (0.95+/-0.64%) (p<0.001) was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in the peri-cancerous tissues (PCT) (32.51+/-22.32) vs. TFA (5.19+/-8.08) (p<0.001), oppositely, CD83 was negative in the cancerous net.TPC showed greater increases in levels of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 than did the TFA. Our findings suggest that impaired immune function, absence of CD83-positive mature and activated dendritic cells in cancer nodules may have a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.The regulation of Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 in TPC may help them evade the immune system.
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PMID:Expression and distribution of S-100, CD83 and apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, FasL and Bcl-2) in tissues of thyroid carcinoma. 1884 May 55