Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There have been only a few endoscopic studies with respect to lower intestinal lesions of leukaemia and malignant lymphoma, although there have been many autopsy studies of these lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify these lesions using endoscopy. Colonoscopy was performed on 11 of 341 patients with leukaemia and on 32 of 105 patients with malignant lymphoma for frequent diarrhoea, anal bleeding or abnormal findings on barium enema examination, between April 1984 and September 1994. In eight of the 11 patients with leukaemia on whom endoscopy was performed, nine lesions were found; aphthoid ulcers, small ulcers or large tumours due to leukaemic infiltration were found in five, and colorectal adenoma was found in only one patient. Antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic colitis or pseudomembranous colitis was found in one patient each. In 10 of the 32 patients with malignant lymphoma, 11 lesions were found. The following were found in one patient each: large lymphomatous tumours, a large lymphomatous ulcer, multiple small polypoid lesions, multiple lymphomatous polyposis; and colorectal cancer or adenoma in six patients. However, the autopsy findings in patients with both diseases were mostly pseudomembrane formation or ulcers due to fungal and/or bacterial infection. It is concluded that accurate endoscopic diagnosis of lower intestinal lesions in patients with leukaemia or malignant lymphoma is essential for staging and treatment of these diseases and for determining their prognosis. Most lesions in leukaemia are aphthoid and small ulcers are due to leukaemic infiltration or antibiotics; most lesions in malignant lymphoma are elevated lesions such as cancer, adenoma or lymphomatous lesions as determined by endoscopy. This is in contrast to pseudomembrane formation or ulcers due to fungal and/or bacterial infection which are detected at autopsy.
 ...
PMID:Endoscopic diagnosis of lower intestinal lesions of leukaemia and malignant lymphoma. 979 98

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) is a preferred method for the removal of small adrenal masses. However, the role of LA for surgical treatment of large adrenal masses is less established. We evaluated the outcomes of LA for large (>/=5 cm) adrenal masses. We retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive patients who underwent LA for large adrenal masses at a tertiary care university hospital. The average age of the 24 patients was 49 years, and each underwent laparoscopic resection of a large adrenal mass. All LAs were performed via a lateral transperitoneal approach. The average (+/- standard deviation) size of the masses was 6.8 +/- 1.5 cm (range, 5-11). Pathologic diagnoses included adrenal cortical adenoma (10 cases), pheochromocytoma ( 7), cyst/pseudocyst ( 3), myolipoma ( 2), and adrenal cortical hyperplasia ( 2). Statistical analysis was performed with a two-sample t test. The average operating time was 178 +/- 55 minutes (range, 120-300), and average blood loss was 87 +/- 69 mL (range, 20-300); the averages were nonsignificantly greater in the right LA group than in the left LA group (203 vs. 166 minutes, P = 0.89; 124 vs. 77 mL, P = 0.14). The average duration of nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status was 0.7 days (range, 0-4), and the average time until return to a regular diet was 1.74 +/- 0.9 days (range, 1-5). The average length of stay was 2.5 +/- 1.9 days (range, 1-10). One patient had a transient episode of pseudomembranous colitis. There were no conversions to open adrenalectomy and no major morbidities or mortalities. LA is safe and effective for surgical treatment of large adrenal masses. Both right and left large adrenal masses can be approached laparoscopically with equal success. The role of minimally invasive approaches to adrenal malignancies necessitates further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large adrenal masses. 1270 16

M cells are found in intestinal follicle associated epithelium. Studies into the physiological and pathological roles of human M cells have been hampered by the lack of well-substantiated, specific markers for these cells. A critical literature review suggests the following molecules may potentially serve as such markers: CK7, FcaR (CD89), S100, CD1a, CD21, CD23, sialyl Lewis A, and cathepsin E. Normal ileum, appendix and colorectum were studied using paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue and immunohistochemistry for these 8 markers. Cathepsin E immunohistochemistry was also performed on cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma, colorectal hyperplastic/metaplastic polyp, lymphocytic colitis, collagenous colitis, pseudomembranous colitis and active ulcerative colitis. Of the 8 markers tested, only cathepsin E appeared to be specific to follicle associated epithelium (expressed by cells with and without M cell morphology) and follicular crypt epithelium; this specificity was limited to the colorectum. Focal epithelial expression of cathepsin E was seen in adenocarcinoma, adenoma, hyperplastic/metaplastic polyp, ulcerative colitis and pseudomembranous colitis. In conclusion, cathepsin E is a specific marker of normal colorectal follicle associated epithelium and follicular crypt epithelium though is not specific to M cells within these compartments. None of the other 7 markers studied is exclusively expressed by human M cells.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical study and review of potential markers of human intestinal M cells. 1277 11

We describe a case of adenomatous polyp of the colon that harbored small foci of signet ring cell carcinoma. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease and sepsis who underwent colonoscopy to evaluate the possibility of pseudomembranous colitis. A polyp was found incidentally in the right colon and a biopsy was performed. Histologic examination of the polyp revealed typical features of tubular adenoma without evidence of high-grade dysplasia. However, 2 small foci of signet ring cell carcinoma were identified that infiltrated the lamina propria. In contrast to adenomatous epithelium, the signet ring cells were immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for cytokeratin 20, suggesting a metastasis rather than a primary tumor. Multiple random biopsies from the right and left colon, as well as the ileum, exhibited no histologic evidence of malignancy. Subsequently, signet ring cell carcinoma with similar morphology and identical immunophenotype was detected in biopsies from the endometrium, an unusual location for primary signet ring cell carcinoma. Preliminary workup excluded the breast as a possible primary site, but further investigation was not possible because of the patient's death with no autopsy granted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma to an adenomatous polyp of the colon. This case illustrates the necessity of submitting all polyps entirely and the importance of examining them carefully.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic foci of signet ring cell carcinoma in a tubular adenoma of the colon. 1456 50