Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An experimental mouse model of autoimmune thyroiditis induced by neonatal thymectomy (between 2 and 4 days of age) is described. Thymectomy within 24 hours after birth or thymectomy after 5 days of age failed to induce the disease. This type of thyroiditis occurred spontaneously a few months after the operation, lasted until approximately 12 months of age, and appeared to subside with aging. Hybrid mice of (C3H/He X 129)F1 are so far the most susceptible to neonatal thymectomy and the incidence in females (25 per cent) is significantly higher than that in males (6 per cent). Mice with thyroid lesions usually had circulating antibodies to mouse thyroid extract. Histologically, lymphocytes and plasma cells were the main cellular types of infiltrates and lymphoid follicles were seen in some cases. Interestingly, adenoma-like nodular hyperplasia of thyroid epithelium was observed in several thymectomized mice, with or without lymphoid infiltration. Besides those observed in the thyroid gland, lymphoid infiltrations were often observed in such organs as the ovary, the stomach, and the coagulating gland of thymectomized mice. These characteristics are compared with those of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and with those of its other animal models, and possible mechanisms which may be involved in the present disease are discussed.
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PMID:Spontaneous development of autoimmune thyroiditis in neonatally thymectomized mice. 94 81

In a prospective study the thyroid glands of 598 healthy boys and girls (newborn to 17 years old) were examined by ultrasound. The volume of the normal gland was 1.1 cm3 in neonates, 2 cm3 in 4 year-old-children, and 8.7 cm3 in schoolchildren. The gland of a normal newborn, a girl with congenital hypothyroidism, a girl with inflammation of a median cervical cyst, a girl with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis, and a girl with an adenoma all showed typical differences in ultrasonic structure from the normal adult gland. Sonography of the thyroid gland discloses valuable information, especially in childhood.
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PMID:[Characteristics of thyroid sonography in infants and children]. 150 29

Three patients are described who had spontaneously resolving transient thyrotoxicosis after resection of a parathyroid adenoma without thyroidectomy or an apparent thyroid abnormality before or during surgery. All had documented thyrotoxicosis that developed within 2 weeks after surgery, which was clinically symptomatic in two of three patients. The thyrotoxicosis was associated with subnormal radioactive iodine thyroid uptake when performed in the two symptomatic patients and was consistent with a postsurgical inflammatory etiology secondary to thyroid gland trauma during parathyroidectomy. In all patients, the clinical and biochemical evidence of thyrotoxicosis resolved within 2 months. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were not detected in the two patients who had a complete recovery 3 months after surgery. However, in the patient who had autoimmune thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease subsequently developed 19 months after parathyroidectomy and was associated with increasing titers of antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal thyroidal autoantibodies. From these observations, we conclude that 1) spontaneously resolving transient thyrotoxicosis of varying severity may occur in some patients after parathyroidectomy, which could be secondary to intraoperative thyroid gland manipulation, and 2) while the occurrence of subsequent Graves' hyperthyroidism in a patient with underlying autoimmune thyroiditis may have been a coincidence, this observation also raises the possibility that thyroidal autoantigen released during parathyroidectomy may trigger the reactivation of autoimmune thyroid disease in a predisposed subject.
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PMID:Postparathyroidectomy transient thyrotoxicosis. 161 14

Hurthle cells are found in thyroid neoplasms and in reactive nodules in thyroiditis or goitrogenic processes. Cytometric studies have evaluated Hurthle cell neoplasms but not their reactive counterparts. DNA content of Hurthle cells in 22 cases of autoimmune thyroiditis was measured by flow cytometry and image content of Hurthle cells in 22 cases of autoimmune thyroiditis was measured by flow cytometry and image processing using nuclei extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue after microdissection of the Hurthle cell nodules. All 22 autoimmune thyroiditis Hurthle cell nodules were diploid, including 16 without associated neoplasms and six with associated malignant neoplasms (four papillary carcinomas, one follicular carcinoma and one follicular adenoma with papillary carcinoma). Concordance between flow cytometry and image processing was 100%. These findings indicate that the markedly atypical Hurthle cells in autoimmune thyroiditis are diploid by DNA quantitation. This suggests that atypia in Hurthle cells due to reactive or neoplastic processes may be differentiated by quantitative DNA analysis.
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PMID:DNA content of Hurthle cell nodules in autoimmune thyroiditis. 227 64

Anti TSH-receptor antibodies (TBIAb) were measured by a radioreceptor assay in 277 patients with Graves' disease, 101 with autoimmune thyroiditis, 43 with autonomous adenoma, 15 with subacute thyroiditis, 15 with euthyroid ophthalmopathy, 155 with euthyroid multinodular goiter, 10 with amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism and 2 with tumoral TSH hypersecretion. TBIAb were present at high titers in 74% of patients with untreated or relapsed Graves' disease and, at lower titers, in only 10% of patients who had recovered from Graves' disease, in 8% of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and in 4% of patients with euthyroid goiter. TBIAb were absent in normal subjects as well as in the other groups studied. These findings suggest that TBIAb represent a specific marker of Graves' disease, particularly of the untreated form. Their presence in non Graves' patients may be considered expression of inactive or inhibiting antibodies.
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PMID:Clinical role of TSH binding inhibiting antibodies (TBIAb) assay. 238 22

This report describes the clinicopathological features of 16 patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis and compares the results with the published literature. There were 2 males and 14 females in this series. In 10 of the 14 females (71%), the presentation was associated with pregnancy. Nine patients (56%) presented with symptoms of an expanding pituitary sellar mass, 10 (63%) had anterior pituitary hypofunction, 3 had diabetes insipidus (19%). Progressive undiagnosed hypopituitarism led to the demise of 3 patients (19%). Hyperprolactinemia was encountered in 6 patients (38%), and elevated growth hormone levels (GH) resulted in IGF-1 excess in one patient. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed features of a pituitary mass mimicking an adenoma in 10 cases (83%). Four patients (25%) had associated autoimmune thyroiditis. Morphologic examination of the pituitary and immunohistochemistry showed a polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate as well as occasional neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages; the chronic inflammatory process resulted in focal or diffuse adenohypophysial destruction of variable severity with associated fibrosis. The inflammatory infiltrate involved the neurohypophysis in 2 cases and one of these patients had diabetes insipidus; the posterior lobe of two other patients with diabetes insipidus was not examined morphologically. We conclude that lymphocytic hypophysitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of females with pituitary enlargement presenting in the peripartum period as well as those patients in whom pituitary hormone deficiency and/or excess is noted in association with a co-existing autoimmune disorder. This clinical suspicion should probably also be extended to include patients presenting with rapidly growing pituitary masses associated with compressive symptoms with or without pituitary hormone dysfunction. Because of the transient endocrine and compressive features of this condition in many instances, conservative treatment on the basis of clinical suspicion alone may obviate the need for aggressive pituitary surgery.
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PMID:Clinical case seminar: lymphocytic hypophysitis: clinicopathological findings. 762 23

Using cytometry it is shown, that distribution histograms of the values of follicular cell nuclear areas depend upon the nature of the thyroid disease. Dome-like distribution was observed in follicular and papillary cancer, while for follicular adenoma as well as for nodular colloid and diffuse toxic goiter or for autoimmune thyroiditis exponential-like dependence was typical. Distribution histograms under normal conditions had the form of a column. The phenomena observed can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion of malignant transformation of thyroid follicular cells.
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PMID:[Karyometric analysis of pathologic changes in follicular cells of the thyroid gland]. 809 46

Karyometry revealed that the distribution of thyrocyte nuclei by the size of their area on histograms depends on the type of thyroid disease. If the ratio of the share of thyrocyte nuclei area in the second and third ranges on distribution histograms is more than 1, thyroid cancer is diagnosed, if it less than 1, it may mean follicular adenoma, autoimmune thyroiditis, nodular colloid or diffuse toxic goiter.
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PMID:[Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer by karyometry of thyrocytes]. 868 Jul 58

The role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in cytological diagnosis of thyroid diseases is reviewed. This method allows not only to determine whether the condition is benign or malignant, but also diagnose nosological variants of thyroid pathology. The difficulties lie in the diagnosis of combined thyroid pathology, differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma with follicular carcinoma, lymphoma with autoimmune thyroiditis, follicular tumor with adenomatous goiter.
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PMID:[Puncture cytologic diagnosis of thyroid diseases: potentialities and limitations of the method]. 871 48

Fine-needle aspiration cytological examination has established the small lymphocyte fraction in the total population of lymphoid cells in thyroid cancer patients to be at 0-2%, the frequency peak for lymphoid cells of an average size as shown on histographs being located in the 3rd interval. In follicular adenoma, cyst, autoimmune thyroiditis and goiter, the small lymphocyte percentage was found to rise to 9-20%, the frequency peak shifting to the 2nd interval. The lymphoid cells area distribution pattern for cancer was of a domed shape while an exponential relationship was observed in the other pathologies. The newly-developed criteria for thyroid cancer diagnosis are expected to increase the effectiveness and predictive value of aspiration technique by 25%.
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PMID:[Cytometric estimation of lymphoid cell population in needle biopsy samples from patients with thyroid cancer]. 880 35


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