Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Naturally occurring compounds belonging to two chemical groups were studied for their capacities to inhibit N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced carcinogenesis in female A/J mice. One group consists of organosulfur compounds found in Allium species, including garlic, onions, leeks, and shallots, and the other, two monoterpenes, i.e., D-limonene and D-carvone. In an initial experiment, in which organosulfur compounds were investigated, diallyl disulfide, allyl mercaptan, and allyl methyl disulfide were found to produce a marked inhibition of NDEA-induced neoplasia of the forestomach when the test compounds were administered p.o. 96 and 48 h prior to NDEA. The most potent was diallyl disulfide which reduced forestomach tumor formation by more than 90%. Pulmonary adenoma formation also was inhibited but to a considerably lesser extent, i.e., about 30%. In three additional experiments, test compounds were given p.o. either 15 min or 1 h prior to NDEA. Under these conditions diallyl disulfide and allyl mercaptan again inhibited forestomach tumor formation substantially, i.e., greater than 75%, and pulmonary adenoma formation marginally, i.e., less than 20%. In these experiments D-limonene and D-carvone were tested and reduced forestomach tumor formation by slightly over 60% and pulmonary adenoma formation by about 35%. The results of these studies provide evidence of an increasing diversity of naturally occurring compounds having the capacity to inhibit nitrosamine carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Inhibition of N-nitrosodiethylamine carcinogenesis in mice by naturally occurring organosulfur compounds and monoterpenes. 271 53

The effects of phenobarbital (PB) on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in three strains of nitrosamine-initiated infant male mice were evaluated. Fifteen-day-old C57Bl/6NCrlBR (C57Bl), C3H/HeNCr1BR (C3H) and B6C3F1 mice were treated with a single i.p. injection of either diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (5 micrograms/body wt), dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) (5 micrograms/body wt) or saline. One-half of the treated mice received PB via the drinking water (500 mg/l) for 24 weeks. The remaining treated mice were given deionized drinking water. Mice were killed at 28 weeks of age and hepatic lesions were evaluated. Only animals that received DENA or DMNA exhibited tumors. C3H mice treated with DENA + PB demonstrated a significant increase in hepatic adenoma number compared to C3H mice exposed to DENA only. Conversely, B6C3F1 males treated with DENA + PB exhibited a significant decrease in the number of hepatic adenomas compared to B6C3F1 males treated with DENA alone. No change was noted in adenoma size in B6C3F1 mice treated with DENA + PB from those receiving DENA only. Chronic PB exposure of C57Bl males previously treated with DENA had no effect on hepatic adenoma number or size. C3H mice treated with DMNA + PB displayed an increase in both adenoma size and adenoma number compared to C3H mice receiving DMNA only. Similarly, in B6C3F1 mice, PB treatment increased both the adenoma incidence and adenoma number in DMNA initiated mice. PB had no effect on hepatic adenoma incidence or number in DMNA-treated C57Bl mice. These data suggest that the ability of PB to promote hepatic tumorigenesis in the 15-day-old initiated mouse is dependent on both the strain of the mouse and the initiating chemical carcinogen.
Carcinogenesis 1989 Aug
PMID:Strain differences in hepatic tumor promotion by phenobarbital in diethylnitrosamine- and dimethylnitrosamine-initiated infant male mice. 275 14

Mouse lung adenoma were induced in adult female BALB/c mice by chronic i.p. urethane injection. Sialoadenectomy of the mice prior to carcinogen treatment did not alter the frequency or size of lung adenoma. However, sialoadenectomized mice exhibited a decrease in the proportion (18 versus 52%) of tumours which exhibited a low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and which grew along alveolar septa. Sialoadenectomy was also related to a complementary increase in the proportion (82 versus 48%) of tumours with large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and generally increased phenotypic features of malignancy. Replacement of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in sialoadenectomized mice restored the tumour-type ratio observed in non-sialoadenectomized mice. These data are discussed with respect to the possible roles of EGF in mouse lung alveologenic carcinoma formation and the cell type of origin for the tumours observed.
Carcinogenesis 1989 Jul
PMID:Enhanced malignant phenotype of urethane-induced lung adenoma associated with sialoadenectomy in BALB/c mice. 278 72

Rectal mucosa from normal controls (n = 25) and tumor tissue and rectal mucosa from patients with colorectal cancer (n = 38) and adenoma (n = 35) were biopsied via colonoscopy. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was determined in order to study the role of promoters in the process of colorectal carcinogenesis. ODC activity of cancer tissue was significantly higher than that of adenoma tissue. Normal mucosal ODC activity in rectum and sigmoid colon was 2 to 4 times higher than that in the proximal colon. Moreover, rectal mucosal ODC activity was significantly higher in patients with cancer or adenoma than that in normal controls. When ODC activity is regarded as an index of promoter, the possibility is suggested that cancer and adenoma developed in similar mucosa of the large bowel. Furthermore, ODC activity in colon cancer was significantly higher than that in rectal cancer. This suggests the possibility that TPA type promoter assumes a greater role in the process of carcinogenesis of colon cancer than that of rectal cancer.
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PMID:[A study of ornithine decarboxylase activity in tumor tissue and rectal mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer or adenoma]. 279 55

Immunohistochemical staining using anti-rat glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) rabbit antibody and enzyme histochemical staining for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) were investigated in putative preneoplastic lesions and adenocarcinomas in the pancreas of Syrian golden hamsters treated with N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP). Areas with ductular proliferation, ductal hyperplasia, and intraductal carcinoma were strongly positive for GST-P binding and negative for gamma-GT. Cystic adenoma, microcarcinoma, and carcinomas were constantly positively stained by GST-P and partially positive for gamma-GT. GST-P appears to be useful as a positive marker for putative preneoplastic lesions in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Since normal acinar cells are strongly positive for gamma-GT, the findings might suggest that acinar cells contribute to the development of cystic adenoma, microcarcinoma, and carcinomas.
Carcinogenesis 1986 May
PMID:Comparative histochemical investigation of the glutathione S-transferase placental form and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase during N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters. 287 Aug 24

The epithelial expression of carbohydrate antigen, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) was examined immunohistochemically in noncancerous specimens from patients with familial polyposis coli, and compared with the colorectal epithelia from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. In mucosa remote from carcinoma of sporadic cases, SSEA-1 was expressed only faintly in the lower crypts. In mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, SSEA-1 was expressed not only in the lower crypts but also in the upper crypts. These results corresponded to those observed in the authors' previous study. In the flat mucosa of familial polyposis coli cases, SSEA-1 was detected not only in the lower crypts, but also in both upper crypts and the surface epithelium in contrast with the flat mucosa of sporadic cases. The staining pattern in the upper crypts of the flat mucosa of familial polyposis coli cases was very similar to that of the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, but was stronger and more diffuse in the surface epithelium. In microscopic adenomas, SSEA-1 was expressed diffusely. These results demonstrate that the flat mucosa of patients with familial polyposis coli shows preneoplastic changes similar to those in the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma of sporadic cases, and that SSEA-1 is related to adenoma formation in the early stage of carcinogenesis in the colorectum. In addition, the results suggest that immunohistochemical studies of flat mucosa may be useful for the early detection of high-risk individuals in a familial polyposis coli family.
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PMID:The expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 in the noncancerous colorectal epithelia of familial polyposis coli. 288 60

Two new epithelial cell lines from sporadic human colorectal adenomas designated S/AN and S/RG are reported. S/AN was from a villous adenoma and S/RG from a tubular adenoma. Both cell lines have extended growth capacities in vitro reaching passages 18 and 15, respectively, so far and show no signs of senescence. S/AN and S/RG have retained in vitro the ability to form mucin-producing goblet-like cells. Every cell of S/AN has a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 1 and one normal copy of chromosome 1. S/AN is also monosomic for chromosome 18. The majority of cells of S/RG only have one normal copy of chromosomes 6, 7, 14, 17, 18, and 22. S/RG also has several marker chromosomes. Although aneuploid S/AN and S/RG are nontumorigenic in athymic nude mice, these cytogenetic abnormalities are insufficient for the fully tumorigenic phenotype. The common abnormality for S/AN and S/RG is monosomy for chromosome 18, indicating that this is a central and important step in colorectal carcinogenesis. Our cytogenetic analysis of the adenoma cell lines suggests at least two possible routes by which premalignant colonic cells can develop and progress to malignancy. S/RG, unlike most other adenoma cell lines, is clonogenic. Aneuploidy, clonogenicity, and extended in vitro growth capacity may therefore be useful in vitro markers for adenoma cell lines with a relatively high malignant potential.
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PMID:Specific cytogenetic abnormalities in two new human colorectal adenoma-derived epithelial cell lines. 291 57

It is shown that at the initiating stage of procarbazine carcinogenesis in F1 female mice the parenteral administration of nicotinamide or pyridoxine results in a significant decrease in the lung adenoma rate from 77% to 18 or 46%, respectively. Pyridoxal, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and L-penicillamine did not influence the lung adenoma frequency.
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PMID:[Protective action of nicotinamide and pyridoxine on the initiation stage of carcinogenesis induced in mice by procarbazine]. 296 2

A study was undertaken to determine whether the variation in the increased expression of three oncogenes (Ha-ras, Ki-ras and myc) could be correlated with various clinicopathological parameters of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region. No correlation was found with sex, age, site of primary tumour, level of differentiation of the tumour, previous X-ray treatment, or fate. The one exception was myc expression with TNM staging of SCC. A significant increase was found for myc expression in TNM Stage III and IV as compared to the combined stages of I and II. Elevated expression of Ha-ras, Ki-ras and myc oncogenes was found in pleomorphic salivary adenoma (PSA), but at a lower level than SCC. It is proposed that in a percentage of cases the elevated expression of these oncogenes in PSA corresponds to a relatively early event in the multistep process of carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of oncogene expression in head and neck tumours. 301 19

Expression of the ras oncogene product p21 (ras p21) in benign and malignant human colonic tissues was studied using the monoclonal antibody RAP-5 and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Histologically normal colonic mucosa and hyperplastic mucosa adjacent to carcinomas (transitional mucosa) were found, in most cases, to be negative for reactivity with the antibody or showed weak staining of a few epithelial cells. Similar findings were observed in hyperplastic and juvenile polyps. Of the 145 adenomas studied, 47 (32.4%) showed detectable levels of ras p21 expression. RAP-5 immunohistochemical staining was significantly associated with the degree of epithelial dysplasia (P less than 0.01) and the size of adenoma (P less than 0.05), but not with the histological type. Fifty-four of 70 primary adenocarcinomas (77.1%) were reactive with RAP-5 and usually demonstrated a higher percentage of stained cells and more intense cytoplasmic staining than that observed in adenomas. Although metastases often displayed a similar or even higher levels of ras p21 expression compared with the primary carcinomas, in 10 cases one or more metastatic lesions showed lower levels of ras p21. These results suggest that enhanced ras p21 expression may, at times, occur in the early stages of human colon carcinogenesis but are probably not associated with metastatic tumour progression.
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PMID:ras p21 oncoprotein expression in human colonic neoplasia--an immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody RAP-5. 304 43


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