Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The coupling activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in thyroid glands from patients with benign adenoma, papillary carcinoma, and diffuse goiter (Graves' disease) was measured for the first time, in addition to the peroxidase activity of these tissues. The peroxidase activity of TPO in the mitochondria-microsomes fraction was measured with guaiacol or iodide as the second substrate. In the case of papillary carcinoma, the mean protein-based specific activity obtained by the guaiacol assay was about 1/7 of that of diffuse goiter. The iodide oxidation activity of carcinoma was very low, about 1/25 [corrected] of that in diffuse goiter and 1/70 of that in adenoma. The peroxidase activity in adenoma was almost similar in the guaiacol oxidation assay and approximately one half in the iodide oxidation assay as compared with that in diffuse goiter. There was a close correlation between the guaiacol and iodide oxidation assays in individual patients with adenoma and diffuse goiter, but not in patients with papillary carcinoma. The coupling activity of TPO was measured with thyroglobulin purified from pooled toxic diffuse goiters and chemically iodinated to contain little additional T3 and T4. The specific coupling activity of TPO in mitochondria-microsomes from carcinoma was significantly lower (about 1/5) than that of diffuse goiter, and the activity in adenoma was not significantly different (about 1/2) from that of diffuse goiter. The data of coupling activities has a close correlation with that of peroxidase activities in individual patients with adenoma but not in patients with carcinoma. Based on these findings, the qualitative abnormality of TPO and its relation to the cold 123I scintigram in thyroid tumors are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Peroxidase and coupling activities of thyroid peroxidase in benign and malignant thyroid tumor tissues. 142 30

A 48-year-old woman with diffuse goiter presented with typical symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid scanning with I-123 revealed a localized accumulation of the radionuclide in the left lobe which corresponded to a small nodule later detected by ultrasonography, with suppression of the remaining tissues. Owing to the overall reduced radioactivity in the thyroid, she was suspected of having silent thyroiditis causing thyrotoxicosis. Meanwhile, the thyrotoxicosis subsided concurrently with an increase in radioactivity in the extranodular area that had initially been suppressed. The histology of thyroid tissues obtained at the time of operation revealed follicular adenoma or hyperplasia in the area of the localized I-123 uptake and findings similar to those in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the remaining tissues, supporting our clinical diagnosis of silent thyroiditis together with a functioning nodule.
 ...
PMID:Transient thyrotoxicosis in a patient with a functioning nodule; a possible occurrence of silent thyroiditis. 162 26

We report a 31-year-old female with Graves' disease associated with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) (Marine-Lenhalt syndrome) in which the AFTN spontaneously became a cold nodule. Initially the patient was thyrotoxic and had diffuse goiter with an elevated radioiodine uptake. She became euthyroid following six months of antithyroid drug therapy, and in addition to diffuse goiter, the solitary hot nodule was palpable in the left lobe. Fourteen months later, hyperthyroidism recurred and the thyroid scan revealed diffuse radioiodine uptake with a cold area in the nodular region. The resected nodule showed extensive degeneration and the histological diagnosis was follicular adenoma with Graves' disease. We discussed the significance of recognizing the syndrome and also compared the frequency of spontaneous degeneration in AFTN and in solitary cold nodules.
 ...
PMID:A case of Graves' disease associated with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) (Marine-Lenhalt syndrome) which spontaneously became a cold nodule. 322 52

Ultrastructural localization of endogenous thyroid peroxidase under benign pathological conditions such as toxic diffuse goiter, non-toxic multinodular goiter, and adenoma, and in normal tissue was studied. Peroxidase activity was visualized by a cytochemical reaction for electron microscopy. In toxic diffuse goiters and most non-toxic multinodular goiters, reaction product for peroxidase was observed not only in the cytoplasm but also at the external surface of microvilli of follicular cells. In normal thyroid tissues and adenomas, peroxidase was visualized only in the cytoplasm. Peroxidase activity at the external surface of microvilli of the follicular cells was found in the tissues obtained from the goiters which showed "hot" radioiodine scintigram. These findings suggest that follicles with peroxidase activity at the external surface of microvilli in non-toxic multinodular goiter are "autonomous follicles" and that peroxidase at the external surface of microvilli plays some role in active iodine uptake.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase activity in benign thyroid diseases. 363 Jun 96

An attempt was made to classify 326 patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and due to autonomous goiter in an area of endemic iodine deficient goiter using the following two sets of criteria: Primary criteria: the presence of endocrine ophthalmopathy (Graves' disease) and the absence of endocrine ophthalmopathy and the absence of microsomal antibodies greater than or equal to 1:1600 (autonomous goiter). Sixty-nine percent of the patients could be divided in the two groups with the aid of these criteria. Secondary criteria: age greater than 50 years, presence of a goiter, presence of thyroid nodules, activity distribution in the scan, iodine intake determined by iodine excretion in the urine. These criteria had to be applied in the 31% of the patients who could not be divided into one of the two groups using the primary criteria. The secondary criteria were accumulative. Using these criteria 55% of the 326 patients were classified as having Graves' disease and 45% as having autonomous goiter. The probability of correct grouping when both primary and secondary criteria were applied was estimated to be 90% compared to 54% when we used only the classical terms, i.e. endocrine ophthalmopathy and diffuse goiter on the one hand and multinodular goiter without endocrine ophthalmopathy on the other hand. In a second group of 120 hyperthyroid patients classified in this way, thyrotropin displacing activity was determined independently. Its prevalence was 79% in patients classified as having Graves' disease but only 3% in those classified as having autonomous goiter. The prevalence of TDA observed in patients who presumably had autonomous goiter was in the same range as in the following groups: 45 normal individuals; 126 patients with euthyroid goiter; and in 112 patients with euthyroid and hyperthyroid autonomous adenoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and due to autonomous goiter. 384 Nov 36

Six cases of hyperthyroidism secondary to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-hypersecreting pituitary adenomas are presented (five females and one male). Hyperthyroidism presenting with diffuse goiter was associated with hyperprolactinemia in three cases. Elevation of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) plasma levels was associated with TSH levels ranging between 2 and 2,000 microU/mL. Polytomography and computed tomography scanning with coronal views revealed four invasive and two enclosed tumors. Two patients underwent transfrontal operations, four underwent transsphenoidal operations, and one underwent both. Two cases of enclosed adenoma were cured primarily by a transsphenoidal approach without additional pituitary deficit. In four cases of invasive adenomas, operations and radiation therapy resulted in three failures and one cure. In cases presenting with hyperthyroidism and detectable TSH, early neuroradiological studies are indicated, as biological cure can be achieved by the transsphenoidal approach. Early treatment is also advocated because of the tendency for these tumors to become invasive (four out of six tumors).
 ...
PMID:Thyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary adenomas and hyperthyroidism. 395 30

The relative frequency of thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases such as toxic diffuse goiter (toxic goiter), adenomatous goiter (goiter), adenoma, and chronic thyroiditis (thyroiditis) was studied using 3,219 surgically removed thyroid glands. Coexistence of carcinoma and benign diseases was found in 257 glands. Among them, 157 glands had minute carcinoma (diameter of cancer nodule is smaller than 10 mm) and 100 glands had advanced carcinoma (larger than 10.1 mm in diameter). The incidence of carcinoma including minute carcinoma was 29.4% in goiter (98/333), 21.0% in thyroiditis (11/53), 8.6% in adenoma (55/638), and 5.3% in toxic goiter (98/1852). Chi-square test also revealed that the rate of carcinoma not only advanced carcinoma but also minute carcinoma was higher in goiter than in the other diseases (P less than 0.01, respectively). Among the patients aged under 39, the incidence of advanced carcinoma and minute carcinoma in thyroiditis were the highest, respectively (83% and 100% in thyroiditis, 9.0% and 11.4% in goiter, 2. 6% and 1.9% in adenoma, and 0.7% and 3.4% in toxic goiter), however, among the patients aged over 40, they were secondary lower and the lowest, respectively (19% and 16.8% in goiter, 5.2% and 7.5% in adenoma, 4.2% and 6.7% in thyroiditis, and 1.4% and 7.5% in toxic goiter). We concluded that adenomatous goiter accompanies carcinoma more frequently than other benign thyroid diseases and the high incidence of carcinoma in chronic thyroiditis is probably due to a preoperative selection of the patients.
 ...
PMID:Thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases. An analysis from minute carcinoma. 407 72

Controlled studies in 1990-1992 with Danish, Sardinian, and Hongkong-Chinese patients consistently revealed a prevalence of goiter of about 50% in lithium treated patients. This is far beyond the frequency generally assumed for Germany, the whole country still known to be an endemic goiter area. Hypothyroidism as a side effect of lithium occurs in a clearly different group of patients and is much less frequent, the overall incidence being not substantially different from the incidence in the general population. But the risk of becoming hypothyroid as well as hyperparathyroid during lithium prophylaxis is markedly higher in women over 45 years of age, who in the general population are also prone to both endocrine dysfunctions. Lithium is considered to have a provoking role. Lithium is known to be accumulated in the bone and an impact on bone metabolism was shown in animal studies. The data reviewed prohibit the use of lithium during lactation and enforce strict indication in children. In adults the effect of lithium on bone should be considered only in osteomalacia and severe osteoporosis. This review is illustrated by the case of a 60-year-old woman, who after 4 years of successful treatment with lithiumcarbonate because of schizoaffective psychosis, developed a syndrome of hypercalcemia. Exstirpation of a parathyroid adenoma rendered her normocalcemic. Moreover, a pre-existing diffuse goiter had grown to a large nodular goiter within the course of her 5-year treatment. As she finally became paraparetic, she was admitted to our rehabilitation center for the diseases of the spinal cord. Her paraparesis may have been caused not only by the lithium-induced primary HPT, but in part by lithium itself. There are a few reports on lithium causing peripheral neuropathy at toxic levels. A transient deterioration of a pre-existing neuropathy, as in our case study, may have happened at lithium serum levels not far beyond the upper limit of 0.8 mmol/l.
 ...
PMID:[Lithium and its effects on the endocrine system, bones and peripheral nerves--a current review]. 775 53

A 40-year-old male patient with a 2 years history of recurring hyperthyroidism is presented with clinical hyperthyroidism and diffuse goiter. Despite thyreostatic treatment and surgical thyroid ablation the hyperthyroidism recurred. The patient had laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism and his serum TSH was persistently and enormously elevated (T4:214 nmol/l, T3:6.9 nmol/l, TSH:218 mIU/l)> Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a pituitary mass of 7 cm in a-p diameter, with supra-, parasellar and sphenoidal extension. The pituitary adenoma was partially resected by transsphenoidal surgery, which failed to result in a substantial decrease in the serum thyrotropin level. Pituitary irradiation and a long-term somatostatin analog octreotide treatment (300-600 micrograms/die) combined with bromocriptine therapy resulted in a significant, but still incomplete suppression of thyrotropin secretion (TSH level about 15 mIU/l) and persisting mild hyperthyroidism. The size of the adenoma was unchanged during the two years of highdose octreotide treatment period. According to our best knowledge this is the first reported case of a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma in Hungary.
 ...
PMID:[Thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma]. 799 Dec 45

The prevalence of thyroid diseases was studied in the ENT department of Kobe Teishin Hospital. Between January 1990 and June 1994, 6,348 outpatients (3,004 women and 3,344 men) visited the ENT department with problems of ear, nose, and throat. Among them 114 patients (82 women and 32 men) were revealed to have thyroid diseases (1.8%). The prevalence of thyroid diseases increased in patients over the age of 40 (4.6% for 40-80 year aged women, 1.6% for 40-80 year aged men). The male/female ratio was about 1:2.7. There was no subjective symptom in 86.8% of the patients. The prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 53.5%, nontoxic diffuse goiter 16.7%, cyst(s) 8.8%, adenoma 7.0%, nontoxic nodular goiter 4.4%, subacute thyroiditis or acute exacerbation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis 4.4%, Graves' disease 1.8%, thyroid carcinoma 1.8%, adenomatous goiter 0.8%, and primary hypothyroidism 0.8%. Visible goiter was observed in only 5 patients and 93% of the patients had palpable but not visible thyroids. Therefore, it is important to palpate the thyroid gland during examination of the neck not only in women but also in men. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thought to be increasing in frequency and is becoming a more important disease in the ENT clinic.
 ...
PMID:On the frequency of thyroid diseases in outpatients in an ENT clinic. 856


1 2 Next >>