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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with multiple cutaneous hemangiomas and skeletal dyschondroplasia (the Maffucci syndrome) was found to have a pituitary chromophobe adenoma, a parathyroid adenoma and two other neoplasms. The presence of two endocrine tumors suggested the syndrome of multiple endocrine adenomatosis, and raised the issue of an etiologic relationship between this disease and the Maffucci syndrome. Dyschondroplasia, however, has no known influence on the secretion of parathyroid hormone or any of the pituitary hormones. The Maffucci syndrome is associated with a high incidence of malignancy, but it involves primarily mesodermal derivatives whereas multiple endocrine adenomatosis affects tissues of ectodermal origin. The association of the two in our patient is probably fortuitous.
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PMID:Multiple endocrine adenomas in a patient with the Maffucci syndrome. 1 57

This study evaluated the effect of somatostatin on immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitonin (iCT) secretion in vivo in rats and monkeys and on iPTH secretion in vitro by normal bovine parathyroid tissue and by a human parathyroid adenoma. Somatostatin infusion promptly (within 0.5 h) suppressed both iPTH and iCT in both species studied in vivo, the suppression being progressive during the infusion period. In in vitro studies, somatostatin caused significant dose-related decreases in basal, low Ca-stimulated, and high Ca-suppressed PTH secretion from normal bovine parathyroid tissue and from basal and low Ca-stimulated PTH secretion from a human parathyroid adenoma. Therefore, somatostatin 1) suppresses both PTH and CT secretion in vivo; 2) acts directly on the parathyroid cell and presumably directly on the C-cell also; 3) acts upon normal and adenomatous parathyroid tissue; 4) suppresses basal, low Ca-stimulated and high Ca-suppressed PTH secretion; and 5) has a dose-related effect. The possible role of somatostatin in the physiological control of PTH and CT secretion (and therefore in Ca homeostasis), and in the pathogenesis of abnormalities of Ca homeostasis, requires further evaluation.
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PMID:Effect of somatostatin on parathyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion. 10 71

Early effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency were studied in 12 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to single parathyroid adenoma by following the precise time course of changes in plasma calcium (Ca) and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) after parathyroid surgery and by prelabeling 2 patients with radiocalcium (Ca*). Surgical removal of the adenoma was immediately followed by a sudden increase in plasma Ca which preceded the usual fall. The increase in plasma Ca commenced simultaneously with the fall in iPTH and was accompanied by a parallel increase in specific activity (sp. act.) of plasma Ca*. Specific activity continued to rise for 2 h in both prelabeled patients, whereas blood calcium was already falling thereafter reaching a markedly low removal rate constant as long as plasma Ca decreased. When plasma Ca began to rise, sp. act. resumed a descending course. Our findings indicate that the initial hypercalemia depends on PTH withdrawal and results from a rapid flux into general extracellular fluid (ECF) of calcium coming from a compartment with higher sp. act., contained within the miscible pool, immediately followed by a reduction in calcium transfer from bone. These results suggest that acute PTH deficiency determines an outflow of calcium from bone cells and support the theory that PTH initiates its action by modifying their intracellular calcium content.
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PMID:Significance of early increase in stable and radioactive plasma calcium after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism. 11 82

Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy. This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident parathyroid adenoma in one case. 17 Oct 50

Many hormones initiate their biologic actions by augmenting the intracellular concentrations of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The nucleotide has been found in body fluids; its determination in plasma and urine can be performed by a rapid, simple and specific method: the cyclic AMP assay kit of the Radiochemical Centre (Amersham, England). The assay is based on the competition between unlabelled cAMP and a fixed quantity of the tritium labelled compound for binding to a bovine muscle protein which has a high specificity and affinity for cAMP. Different factors must be considered in evaluating the 24 h urinary content of the nucleotide: the renal or extrarenal origin of cAMP and the functional status of the kidneys. In basal conditions the urinary cAMP excretion is significantly correlated with creatinine excretion (n = 67; r = 0.47; p less than 0.001) thus confirming that the most part of cAMP excreted is derived from the plasma by glomerular filtration. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates adenylate cyclase predominantly in the renal cortex, whereas vasopressin (ADH) stimulated the enzyme in the medulla; thus PTH and ADH could increase the amount of cAMP in the urine from the renal source. In a case of diabetes insipidus and infusion of ADH caused a prompt rise in cAMP urinary excretion. In 5 normals an infusion of bovine synthetic parathyroid hormone caused an increased excretion of cAMP that preceded the phosphaturic response. An infusion of salmon synthetic calcitonin caused a rise in phosphate excretion and no increase in cAMP urinary content. As it concerns the two calciotopic hormones, PTH and CT, it is reasonable to assume that renal receptors are distinct. The 24 h urinary excretion of cAMP in 55 control subjects (3613 +/- 1460 D.S. n moles) was contrasted with the lower excretion in 25 elderly subjects (70-93 years: 1804 +/- 699 n moles), with the high cAMP excretion in a patient with hyperparathyroidism (that fell to normal values following removal of the parathyroid adenoma) and with the low cAMP excretion in patients with primary or surgical hypoparathyroidism. The mean 24 h cAMP excretion in patients with renal insufficiency was significantly decreased when compared to control subjects. These findings and recent reports confirm that the 24 h urinary output of cAMP may be considered an useful index of pharathyroid function in man.
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PMID:[The diagnostic value of the determination of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in urine]. 19 Jun 33

This study demonstrates that appreciable changes in serum parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic AMP occur during experimentally induced hyper- and hypocalcemia in almost all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism regardless of histology. A single patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism also demonstrated a significant elevation of serum parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic AMP in response to EDTA induced reduction in ionized calcium. Thus, total autonomy of hormone secretion was not present in the great majority of the patients with a parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, or the single patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, preoperative evaluation of the rsponse of urinary cyclic AMP and serum parapthyroid hormone to EDTA or calcium infusion will not distinguish parathyroid adenomas from hyperplasia on the basis of total autonomy of hormone secretion. If a difference in secretory control is present between parathyroid adenomas and parathyroid hyperplasia, it is more subtle than total autonomy for adenomas and nonautonomy for hyperplasia.
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PMID:Nonautonomy of parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic AMP in primary hyperparathyroidism. 19 97

A parathyroid adenoma is reported in a girl aged 12 years in whom hypercalcaemia was discovered by chance. Investigation of calcium metabolism suggested the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism and studies of the urinary cyclic AMP and determination of the plasma parathyroid hormone concentration further added to the evidence. The diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma was made after determination of the parathyroid hormone concentration at various sights during selective catheterization of the tyroid veins. This was confirmed at surgery. In this patient the place of catheterization of the inferior thyroid veins in the early diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is discussed.
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PMID:[A symptomatic parathyroid adenoma. Value of parathyroid hormone determination through selective catheterization of the thyroid veins]. 19 45

A patient with the Watery-Diarrhoea syndrome and episodic hypercalcaemia is reported. Plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were elevated, and an islet cell adenoma of the pancreas was removed following which VIP levels decreased and diarrhoea ceased. During a hypercalcaemic episode, serum parathyroid hormone (PTh) levels were suppressed indicating the hypercalcaemia was independent of PTh and probably due to a direct action of VIP on calcium turnover.
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PMID:Watery diarrhoea syndrome with episodic hypercalcaemia. 19 62

The possibility of a relationship between cyclic AMP formation and metabolic processes in tumours has been investigated. Changes in basal activity and hormone-responsiveness of adenylate cyclase were demonstrated in plasma membranes and intact cells from pre-cancerous liver of rats fed a diet containing the carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in hyperplastic parathyroid gland membranes was 200% higher than that in parathyroid adenoma membranes, corresponding with their relative rates of parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro. Membrane adenylate cyclase activity in hypernephromas was consistently 100--300% higher than in adjacent human renal cortex. Furthermore the adenylate cyclase activity of the tumour membranes was not influenced by a wide range of hormones which were effective stimulants in 'normal' renal cortex membranes. Conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydrocholecalciferol could not be demonstrated in either hypernephroma or adjacent renal cortical tissue. However, three of the four hypernephromas tested secreted a bone-resorbing factor. Cyclic AMP formation was increased by salmon, human and porcine calcitonins in both plasma membranes and intact cells from a poorly differentiated epidermoid cell carcinoma which was itself secreting calcitonin in culture. This phenomenon might be related to a feedback regulation of calcitonin production in this cell line. The observations are consistent with the concept of a relationship between cyclic AMP formation and certain metabolic functions (e.g. hormone production) in tumour cells.
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PMID:Hormone receptors and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in cancer cells. 21 31

Eighty-four patients have undergone surgical exploration following a clinical diagnosis of hyperpathyroidism over a 20-year period. Urinary tract calculi were the major indication for exploration, and 90% of these patients had recurrent calculi. Osteitis fibrosa was a rare presentation of hyperparathyroidism. Lethargy, sometimes profound, was an important symptom, in some instances the dominant feature. Persistent hypercalcaemia remains the chief diagnostic investigation, with helpful confirmation from estimation of the parathyroid hormone level. Little attempt was made in this series to utilize preoperative localization techniques, reliance being placed on meticulous bloodless surgery to find normal and abnormal parathyroid tissue. Eighty-five explorations were carried out in the 84 patients. Seventy-four of the explorations were successful, converting the patient to a normocalcaemic state. Of these, 63 had a single adenoma (86%).
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PMID:Twenty years' experience with parathyroid exploration. 28 Dec 16


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