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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1977 and 1984 a total of 301 patients with autonomous thyroid adenoma were irradiated with an individually calculated one-time dose of 400 Gy units of 131I. Repeated follow-up tests were made in 217 patients (up to 7.2 years, mean of two years). Pre- and post-treatment diagnosis in all patients consisted of determining T3 and T4, one TRH test, one 131I two-phase test to determine treatment, including quantified scintigraphy (under suppression, if necessary), as well as post-treatment scintigraphy and (post-treatment) 99mTc scintigraphy. The treatment was successful in 98% of patients; there was no difference between compensated and decompensated forms. Euthyroid state was achieved in 87% of patients, with typical findings of compensated T3 oversecretion, as is known to occur with endemic goiter in regions of iodine deficiency. The ability of the thyroid for autoregulatory adaptation to such iodine deficiency is thus preserved. Preclinical hypothyroidism occurred in 11% of patients: it could have been avoided in about half of them. Persistent or recurring autonomous adenoma was observed in 2% of patients as a result of under-dosage. One should thus aim at a dose of 400 Gy, to obtain optimal elimination. Radiation-induced carcinogenesis was not observed: radioiodine treatment and operation are thus of equal value in the causal treatment of autonomous adenoma. Radioiodine treatment is indicated in patients aged over 40 years with additional diseases and increased risk of anaesthesia and operation. It is preferred treatment if there are multiple autonomous adenomas.
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PMID:[Iodine-131 therapy of autonomous adenoma of the thyroid. 7-year results]. 359 67

The expression of cellular oncogenes was examined in human thyroid tissue. Four thyroid adenomas and three thyroid carcinomas expressed c-myc oncogene mRNA transcripts, which were not expressed in normal thyroid tissues. Agarose gel electrophoresis of poly(A) RNA extracts of adenoma tissues followed by hybridization with v-myc DNA yielded two distinct c-myc mRNA species [2.1 and 4.0 kilobases (kb)]. Thyroid cancer tissue poly(A) RNA revealed a predominant larger c-myc mRNA species (approximately 6 kb) and a smaller 2.1-kb species. After enzymatic dispersion of thyroid adenoma cells, cytoplasmic dot blot hybridization of immobilized thyroid adenoma RNA extracts with the v-myc cDNA probe showed stimulation of c-myc mRNA expression by TSH in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 72-h pretreatment with serum-free medium, the quiescent adenoma cells yielded a negligible hybridization signal which was stimulated by TSH (10 mU/ml) after 6 h of treatment. Although normal cultured thyroid cells did not contain detectable c-myc mRNA, TSH also stimulated the myc protooncogene expression in a time-dependent manner in normal thyroid cells. These results demonstrate the expression of c-myc mRNA in human thyroid tumors and the in vitro induction of c-myc mRNA in both normal and adenoma thyroid cell cultures by TSH.
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PMID:Expression of the myc cellular proto-oncogene in human thyroid tissue. 376 Jan 17

Interactions between antiserum (rabbit anti-human normal thyroglobulin-serum) and human thyroglobulin preparations (obtained from the tissues of the normal thyroid gland, thyroid adenoma, and carcinoma) were compared by inhibition effect with the binding between 131I-labeled standard thyroglobulin and antiserum, set up by a double antibody RIA. Thyroglobulins isolated from normal glands (designated as Nor-Tg) have a high affinity to the antiserum. In contrast, thyroglobulins in follicular adenoma or adenomatous goiter (designated as Ad-Tg) decrease the potency of the affinity to the antiserum. Furthermore, thyroglobulins in papillary or follicular carcinoma (designated as Ca-Tg) markedly decrease such a potency. With the t-test, the inhibition curves of Nor-Tgs are almost parallel to each other. Most of the inhibition curves of Ad-Tgs and Ca-Tgs are not parallel to the curve of Nor-Tg 1 (P-value for non-parallelism less than or equal to 0.05). Therefore, it seems that Tg preparations obtained from tumor tissue are heterogeneous in terms of specificity and/or affinity to antiserum, judging from the results of the non-parallel inhibition curves. The present results also show that the contribution of iodine content in Tg has little or no effect on the nature of Tg-immunogenicity.
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PMID:[The immunochemical properties of thyroglobulin in human thyroid tumors in reaction to rabbit anti-human normal thyroglobulin-serum]. 400 10

In the case of thyrostatic therapy of autonomous adenoma with iodinization blocker type drugs (here carbimazol), there is a relative increase of uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate by the suppressed thyroid tissue before TSH becomes detectable by TRH testing (400 micrograms). As soon as endogenous TSH stimulation occurs (due to the decrease of thyroid hormone induced by the thyrostatic therapy), relatively more uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate by the non-autonomous tissue is observed. 56 patients suspected of having autonomous thyroid adenoma were investigated. The activities in the regions of interest measured over autonomous and non-autonomous thyroid tissue before and after thyrostatic therapy were expressed in form of a double-ratio. 22 of the 56 patients were found to have an autonomous adenoma (double-ratio greater than or equal to 1.74). In 19 patients an adenoma was excluded with certainty (double-ratio less than or equal to 1.22). The remaining cases fell in-between and were difficult to classify. However, the gradual transition between the two groups so classified was harmonious. The different reactions of autonomous and non-autonomous thyroid tissue to thyrostatic therapy appear to be helpful in the differentiation between the two types of tissue.
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PMID:[Reaction of autonomous and non-autonomous thyroid tissue to iodination blockers]. 618 27

Conversion of T4 to T3 was studied in normal, Graves', and neoplastic thyroid tissues obtained at surgery. Homogenates of human thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinomas were incubated with [125I]T4 and dithiothreitol (DTT) at 37 C for 60 min under N2 gas. T3 formation was assessed by measuring [125I]T3 formed, using paper chromatography. In the second series of experiments, the suspensions of the 100,000 X g pellet of normal thyroid tissues adjacent to the tumor and Graves' thyroid tissues were incubated with unlabeled T4 and DTT at 37 C for 60 min under N2 gas. T3 generated was measured by RIA. T3 generation in the thyroid tissue was dependent on incubation time, amount of the tissue used, concentration of DTT, temperature, and pH. Propylthioracil inhibited T3 formation, while methimazole had no effect. A kinetic study with the homogenate of a thyroid adenoma and 100,000 X g pellet suspensions of two normal and three Graves' thyroids gave apparent Km values of 2.7, 4.9, and 4.1 microM for T4, respectively, and Vmax values of 0.8, 3.0, and 10.9 pmol T3/mg protein.min, respectively. Conversion of T4 to T3 was observed in two of three tumor tissues studied and was markedly enhanced in Graves' thyroid tissues (mean +/- SE, 11.9 +/- 2.0 pmol/mg protein.min) compared to that of normal thyroid tissues (3.2 +/- 0.6 pmol/mg protein.min; P less than 0.01). It is concluded that T4 is enzymatically converted to T3 in normal and Graves' thyroids and differentiated thyroid neoplasms. Moreover, enhanced conversion of T4 to T3 was found in Graves' thyroid tissue.
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PMID:Triiodothyronine generation from thyroxine in human thyroid: enhanced conversion in Graves' thyroid tissue. 689 50

Twenty-five patients with thyroid tumors were examined by 201T1-chloride and 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy heterochronously in our department. All cases showed the cold nodule with 131I or 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy and each one was given a histological diagnosis after surgery or excisional biopsy. In 15 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 12 (80%) were positive by 201T1-chloride; 4 (26.7%) were positive by 67Ga-citrate. In examining each histological type, 8 of 9 cases of papillary carcinoma (88.9%) were positive by 201T1-chloride. In 1 negative case the tumor was almost completely encysted; however, they were all negative by 67Ga-citrate. In 2 patients with follicular carcinoma, both of them revealed a positive figure by 201T1-chloride, and one of these with oxyphilic cell carcinoma showed a positive figure by 67Ga-citrate. In 1 case of medullary carcinoma there was slight accumulation with 201T1-chloride, but there was no accumulation with 67Ga-citrate. In 3 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 2 patients with small carcinoma showed a negative figure by 201T1-chloride. However, they all showed a positive figure using 67Ga-citrate and this medium also disclosed distant metastases of undifferentiated carcinoma. In 10 patients with thyroid adenoma, 3 (30%) showed a positive figure by 201T1-chloride. Histologically, these were all tubular adenoma, but in all cases of thyroid adenoma 67Ga-citrate revealed a negative figure. From the above mentioned results, the following conclusion were reached. Tumors showing a positive figure by 201T1-chloride that elicited negative results using 67Ga-citrate proved to be differentiated carcinoma or low differentiated types of adenoma. Surgery is indicated in these cases. All of the tumors revealing a positive figure by 67Ga-citrate were highly malignant types. If these tumors showed a negative figure when 201T1-chloride was used, undifferentiated carcinoma was suggested. In undifferentiated carcinoma, 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy is a useful procedure in locating distant metastases, in determining the area to be irradiated, and in judging the effect of therapy.
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PMID:[Comparison of 201T1-chloride and 67Ga-citrate in thyroid tumor scintigraphy]. 696 Mar 94

The stable intrathyroid iodine concentrations characteristic of nodular goiter, thyroid adenoma and cancer were determined by means of neutron activation analysis of resected material, Mean iodine levels in the destruction focus in cancer, adenoma and nodular goiter were 32 +/- 5, 174 +/- 38 and 344 +/- 43, respectively. while 960 +/- 91, 527+/-138 and 639+/-66 micrograms of iodine per 1g of wet weight were found in the surrounding apparently intact tissues of thyroid parenchyma. The importance of the difference between the absolute value of iodine concentration in the destruction focus and that in intact tissue for differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer is discussed.
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PMID:[Intrathyroid iodine in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer]. 706 15

The quantitative analysis of microscopic images gives objective, consistently reproducible results. The number of applications of such analysis in diagnostic pathology is increasing rapidly. In this chapter, two examples have been given of the development and application of a quantitative microscopic classification rule. Both examples involve admittedly difficult areas of diagnostic pathology, in which considerable disagreement may not only exist among pathologists, but may affect the same pathologist judging the same specimen at different times. These areas are: (1) the discrimination of endometrial hyperplasia from carcinoma, and the grading of endometrial carcinomas; and (2) the preoperative distinction of follicular adenoma from carcinoma of the thyroid in cytologic specimens. With routine use of the classification rule in 148 cases of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma received in our laboratory in 1980, with each case judged by one of eight pathologists, there was mild or absolute disagreement in 7.4 percent and 4.7 percent of the cases, respectively (total: 12.1 percent). However, with blind review of one of us (J.B.), there were no absolute and only 3.3 percent mild disagreement. In this series, the quantitative microscopically assigned grades of carcinomas correlated significantly with the depth of invasion in the myometrial wall, whereas the grade routinely indicated by eight pathologists did not. These two facts strongly support the quality and utility of the developed quantitative microscopic rule for classifying endometrial lesions in a diagnostic setting. The rule can also be used to objectively define such endometrial lesions in order to evaluate more accurately their clinical outcome in a prospective study. In the thyroid adenoma cases discussed in the chapter, material from follicular tumors was subjected to quantitative analysis in 1980, again using a classification rule developed in our laboratory. All 10 cases of adenoma were correctly classified, whereas frozen-section diagnosis often gave erroneous or inconclusive results. The quantitative microscopic techniques that we have used are simple, inexpensive, and can be applied in most pathology laboratories. The classification rules can also be used in cases submitted for consultation. The pathologist must use his or her full diagnostic knowledge when applying these techniques. In doing so, he or she will learn that quantitative microscopy has an educative function, automatically results in an increase in the quality of histopathologic work, and supports and sometimes corrects the diagnosis in an objective, consistent way.
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PMID:Computer-aided application of quantitative microscopy in diagnostic pathology. 718 54

In a retrospective study of 27 cases of iodine deficiency and/or latent primary hypothyroidism and in 16 cases of thyroid adenoma with hyperthyreosis the routine radioiodine uptake test was combined with a protirelin (TRH) test. After TRH infusion, [PB*I] and TSH increased significantly in all of these 27 patients who served as controls for the hyperthyroid patients. At the same time, the conversion rate Q rose in 14 of the control patients, but it dropped in 13 cases, thus indicating a TSH-induced discharge from the thyroid of radioiodine containing substances that were not bound to serum proteins. In nine of the 16 patients with autonomous adenoma, PB[*I] rose slightly, but Q did not increase significantly. In seven of the 16 adenoma patients, both PB[*I] and Q even dropped slightly in the absence of measurable serum TSH, thus indicating a negative direct effect of TRH on thyroid hormone metabolism.
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PMID:Direct effect of protirelin (TRH) on PB[123I] in autonomous thyroid adenoma. 752 34

This report concerns a family in which papillary thyroid carcinoma appeared in the father and two daughters and follicular adenoma in a granddaughter. The father died of systemic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The two daughters and granddaughter felt well postoperatively. We speculate that some gene-related factors might play an important role in familial occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid adenoma in the family.
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PMID:Family with nonmedullary thyroid neoplasms. 772 73


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