Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the structure of the TSH receptor gene in various thyroid disorders by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) study with a cloned human TSH receptor cDNA as a probe. Southern blot analysis of DNAs in peripheral white blood cells obtained from normal individuals revealed a single band in each of several restriction enzyme digestions, indicating that the TSH receptor gene is a single copy gene in the human genome. Although RFLPs were not detected in peripheral blood cells and thyroid tissues in patients with Graves' disease, thyroid carcinomas, or subacute thyroiditis, significant RFLPs were found in 2 of 6 patients with adenoma in all restriction enzyme digestions examined. Moreover, these RFLPs were heterozygous and adenoma specific, and these additional bands in adenoma were amplified in both cases. We conclude that there are no major abnormalities in the structure of the TSH receptor gene in patients with Graves' disease, thyroid carcinoma, or subacute thyroiditis, although there may be a possibility of point mutations, small insertions, or deletions that cannot be detected by RFLP studies, and that there are large insertions or deletions in the region, including the TSH receptor gene, in some patients with thyroid adenoma.
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PMID:Analysis of the TSH receptor gene structure in various thyroid disorders: DNA from thyroid adenomas can have large insertions or deletions. 135 4

The cytogenetic study of a follicular thyroid adenoma revealed a t(5;19)(q13;q13.3). This is the second report of a translocation between chromosomes 5 and 19 in a thyroid follicular adenoma.
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PMID:Translocation t(5;19): a recurrent change in thyroid follicular adenoma. 137 44

Thyroidal concentrations of T4 and T3 and the T4/T3 ratio were analyzed in the nodular and paranodular tissues from two groups of patients with suppressed TSH secretion. The first group consisted of 17 patients with nontoxic nodular goitre (NG), 8 of whom received long-term levothyroxine therapy to suppress TSH, while remaining 9 were untreated. The second group consisted of 10 patients with autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma (AFTA), in whom TSH secretion was suppressed due to the adenoma-induced increase in thyroid hormone concentrations. In nodular tissues of NG patients, thyroidal T4 and the T4/T3 ratio were significantly higher in treated than in untreated patients (0.34 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.02 mol T4/mol of thyroglobulin (Tg) and 10.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.7 respectively). Analysis of paranodular tissues of NG patients also revealed a higher T4/T3 ratio in treated patients (16.0 +/- 2.1 vs. 6.9 +/- 0.9), although thyroidal T3 and T4 concentrations in treated and untreated patients were similar. In AFTA patients, both T3 and T4 concentrations were higher in the adenoma than in paranodular tissues (0.14 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.005 mol T3/mol Tg and 1.08 +/- 0.32 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.06 mol T4/mol Tg), whereas the T4/T3 ratio was significantly higher in paranodular tissues (23.2 +/- 5.9 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.8). These results indicate that suppression of TSH induced either exogenously or endogenously results in an increase in the thyroidal T4/T3 ratio that reflects an increase in T4 and/or a decrease in T3 concentrations. These findings also support the notion that TSH preferentially stimulates thyroidal T3 production.
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PMID:Exogenous and endogenous suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone induces similar effects on thyroidal iodothyronines. 186 17

Hyperthyroidism associated with thyroid adenoma was diagnosed in a dog. Typical clinical signs of hyperthyroidism were resolved with surgical excision of the adenoma. Hyperthyroidism in dogs usually is associated with thyroid carcinoma, which has a poor prognosis. This case emphasizes the importance of obtaining a histologic diagnosis of thyroid tumors in hyperthyroid dogs before giving a prognosis.
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PMID:Hyperthyroidism associated with a thyroid adenoma in a dog. 188 34

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma, a recently characterized variant of thyroid adenoma, is often confused with a variety of lesions because of its unusual histological features (Carney, Ryan & Goellner 1987). We report a case of multinodular goitre in which there were several small nodules showing features of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and peculiar nuclear rods.
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PMID:Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma-like lesion in multinodular goitre. 237 3

The cytologic presentation of a case of minocycline-associated black thyroid adenoma in a 30-year-old woman is described. A nodule was discovered in the left lobe of the patient's thyroid gland, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed; the nodule and adjacent thyroid were subsequently surgically removed. The cytologic findings included sparse groups of epithelial cells with prominent intracytoplasmic pigment granules. The surgical specimen was interpreted as black thyroid adenoma. This case is unusual in that the pigment had accumulated preferentially in the adenoma. In retrospect, the finding of distinctive pigment in the aspirate of the nodule suggests that the black thyroid syndrome should be considered whenever dark-brown pigment is encountered in FNA cytologic specimens from the thyroid gland.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration cytologic findings in the black thyroid syndrome. 246 18

Monolayer cultures of human thyroid cells derived from thyroid adenoma were utilized for the assay of thyroid stimulating substances such as thyrotropin (TSH), cholera toxin and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) in patients with Graves' disease. Adenoma cells were treated with 0.1% collagenase or 2000 unit/ml dispase to thyrocytes. The cells were cultured in MEM containing 10% fetal calf serum under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Within 24 hours, the cells attached themselves to the plastic surface and formed a monolayer. Cyclic AMP responses to TSH, cholera toxin or Graves' IgG were tested in a medium (PBS) containing 0.5 mM IBMX. The cyclic AMP responses to TSH were generally maximal on the 3rd day of culture and declined thereafter. The response was dose-dependent, and 10 microU/ml of TSH produced a significant increase of cellular cyclic AMP. The response by 1 microU/ml of TSH was 28 approximately 57 fold above the basal. The response was also a function of the incubation period. The maximal response was attained after 1 h incubation. When the cultures were washed after exposure to TSH, the cellular cyclic AMP levels rapidly declined, suggesting that removal of receptor-bound TSH results in a prompt cessation of cyclic AMP production. The thyroid cells in monolayer also responded to cholera toxin. The response was dose-dependent, and cholera toxin as low as 1 ng/ml was able to increase cyclic AMP production. In contrast to the observations in TSH, the cyclic AMP responses induced by cholera were hardly affected by washing the cultures after exposure to cholera toxin. Treatment of the cells with cholera toxin for only 3 min resulted in a continuous stimulation of cyclic AMP production for more than 4 hours. Confirming recent observations by others, most of Graves' IgG stimulated cyclic AMP production in a dose-dependent manner, but some of them inhibited the response at high concentrations. IgG derived from normal subjects did not increase cellular cyclic AMP. The time course in the cyclic AMP responses induced by Graves' IgG was variable among the IgG preparations from different patients. In some patients, the maximal responses were attained after 4 hours of incubation. A significant difference was noted between TSH and Graves' IgG in the stimulation of cyclic AMP production after washing the cultures. When the cultures were treated with Graves' IgG for 30 min, washed and then incubated without Graves' IgG, cellular cyclic AMP levels remained at the levels which were almost equivalent to those observed in the continuous presence of the IgGs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effects of TSH, cholera toxin and Graves' IgG on cAMP production in cultured human thyroid adenoma cells in monolayer]. 286 66

A symptomless submandibular mass removed from a 61-year-old white male proved to be a signet-ring microfollicular adenoma arising in ectopic thyroid tissue. The lesion was established as a primary, non-mucin producing thyroid adenoma and a diagnosis of secondary signet-ring adenocarcinoma excluded.
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PMID:Signet-ring cell microfollicular adenoma arising in a nodular ectopic thyroid. A case report. 310 57

We have studied the thyroid tissue present in a cystic ovarian teratoma with the purpose of characterizing its structural and histochemical components. The methods of hematoxilyn and eosin, PAS, PAS/sialidase, Alcian blue at pH 2.5 and 1.0, were used, as well as, blocking reactions, Cason's thrichromic, and toluidine blue at pH 3.8. In the tissue we observed zones with follicles of normal appearance that varied considerably in size. The epithelium was constituted by cuboid cells surrounding a colloid substance of uniform aspect, that was strongly acidophilic, PAS positive and with variable reactivity with toluidine blue and weakly alcianophilic. With the thrichrome method, the different follicles stained in different tones. Parafollicular clear cells, bigger and less basophilic than follicular ones, with a nucleus having a lax chromatin, were identified. Cystic follicles were observed in whose cavities were conspicuous histyocytes surrounding rests of colloid substance, with metachromatic and PAS positive granules in their cytoplasm. Some groups of follicles were rudimentary, scarcely differentiated, and mostly without colloid. Others, with a greater degree of differentiation, showed diminutes follicles with intensely basophilic and PAS positive colloid. Beasides, follicular groups with excessive content of colloid appeared very distended and lined by a flat epithelium. According to the characteristics analyzed it may be concluded that: 1) it is a highly differentiated monoblastic teratoma, in which it appears non-encapsulated thyroid tissue; 2) the tumor resembles in different areas, either normal thyroid tissue, thyroid adenoma of the macrofollicular type, fetal or microfollicular and solid or embryonary adenoma, and follicles with the pattern of "thyroiditis".
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PMID:[Structural and histochemical characterization of a struma ovarii]. 327 Jan 18

Tumour specimens from 23 patients with thyroid carcinoma, 22 patients with thyroid adenoma, 3 with Graves' disease, and tissues from 8 normal thyroid glands were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization for the physical state of c-myc and c-fos proto-oncogenes. In 4 patients, both the primary tumour and lymph node metastases were analyzed. No amplification or rearrangement of the two proto-oncogenes was detected. Total RNAs were also analyzed. Elevated levels of the 2.4 kb c-myc RNA and of the 2.2 kb c-fos RNA were found in 13/23 (57%) and 14/23 (61%) of the cancer patients, respectively. High levels of c-myc transcripts were more frequently found in thyroid carcinomas with unfavourable prognosis. Concomitant elevated levels of both c-myc and c-fos RNAs were found in 8 cancers. High levels of c-myc RNA were also found in 1 out of 22 specimens of adenoma, in 1 specimen of Graves' disease and in 2 normal thyroid glands. High levels of c-fos RNA were found in 20 of the 22 adenoma samples and in 2 out of 8 normal thyroid tissues. These data indicate that the overexpression of c-myc and c-fos genes is independent of an alteration of the loci. The high levels of c-fos found in adenoma may be associated with the differentiation state of these tumours.
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PMID:Structure and expression of c-myc and c-fos proto-oncogenes in thyroid carcinomas. 334 48


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