Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty patients (22 male, 8 female, age range 25-83) with gallbladder (GB) masses or thickened GB wall found by real-time sonography were studied by duplex and color doppler ultrasonography. All the patients were confirmed pathologically after surgery. Seven of 8 patients with primary GB malignancy (adenocarcinoma 7, malignant fibrous histiocytoma 1) showed high velocity arterial blood flow signal (VABFS) in the tumor masses. No VABFS was observed in 10 patients (metastatic adenocarcinoma 3, adenoma 5, polyps 2). All the 10 patients with primary GB carcinoma (masses 8, wall thickening 2) showed high VABFS in the GB wall. In contrast, no VABFS was found in the GB wall in 3 patients with metastatic GB carcinoma. In 17 patients with benign GB lesion (adenoma 5, polyps 2, xanthogranuloma 2, chronic cholecystitis 6, subacute cholecystitis 2), only 5 (polyps 1, xanthogranuloma 1, chronic cholecystitis 1, subacute cholecystitis 2) demonstrated low VABFS. High VABFS in the GB masses or GB wall, a significant feature of primary GB carcinoma, is helpful in differentiating primary GB carcinoma from metastatic and benign GB lesion.
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PMID:[Color Doppler flow imaging in gallbladder tumors]. 133 Feb 26

Ultrasound examination of the gallbladder was performed in a prospective study (from 1985 to 1988) of 14,841 consecutive patients. Polypoid changes were found in 224 (129 men, 95 women; mean age 54 [18-88] years), sonographically classified as cholesterol polyps in 212, as polypoid lesions of uncertain benignity in 12. Mean observation time of 92 patients with cholesterol polyps was 9 (3-48) months. In six the polyp diameter increased by up to 5 mm: only two of them were operated upon and the diagnosis was confirmed in both. A total of 21 patients suspected of having cholesterol polyps were operated upon, the diagnosis confirmed in 17, chronic cholecystitis in two and, in one case each, thickened wall-adherent bile or wall-adherent concrements as cause of the ultrasound changes. Six of the 12 patients with polypoid lesions of uncertain benignity were operated upon: two had an adenoma, one each had tissue heterotopy, malignant melanoma metastasis, gall-bladder carcinoma and adenomyomatosis.
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PMID:[Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder]. 240 19

Benign tumor and pseudotumor of the gallbladder are infrequently reported in our country. In this paper, 5 patients with benign tumor (3 tubular adenoma, 1 leiomyoma and 1 fibroma) and 35 pseudotumor (26 cholesterol polyps and 9 inflammatory polyps) of the gallbladder are presented. Most patients presented a typical clinical manifestation of chronic cholecystitis. Oral cholecystography gave a lower detection rate. B-ultrasonography was able to show the presence of neoplasm in the gallbladder (37/40). Correct diagnosis was established by operation and pathology. In this series, all patients were cured by cholecystectomy. The authors believe that, for the neoplasms detected by B-ultrasonography with definite clinical symptoms or with a diameter of more than 1.0 cm, cholecystectomy is indicated. For those older or weaker patients with milder symptoms or with neoplasms less than 1.0 cm in diameter, periodic B-ultrasonography follow-up is suggested.
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PMID:[Benign tumor and pseudotumor of the gallbladder--report of 40 patients]. 333 Jul 9

Adenoma of the gallbladder is a rare benign tumor. We found fourteen in 2600 surgical specimens of cholecystectomy, an incidence of 0.55%. Three are male and eleven female Adenoma of the gallbladder is divided into two types: papilloma and tubular. Adenoma of the gallbladder might be a precancerous lesion. We found atypical hyperplasia in four and carcinomatous change in two of these fourteen adenomas. All the patients were complicated by chronic cholecystitis, and twelve by one or several stones. Chronic inflammation and the stone formation might be the etiological factors of adenoma of the gallbladder. In this paper, the histological features and differential diagnosis are discussed. We had also observed the mucinous change of this adenoma, atypical hyperplasia and carcinomatous degeneration by histochemical means.
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PMID:[Adenoma of the gallbladder--pathologic analysis of 14 cases]. 383 49

Immunohistochemical expression of the p53 protein was investigated in carcinoma of the gallbladder (n = 13), common bile duct (n = 7) and ampulla of Vater (n = 9) using the polyclonal, CM1, and monoclonal, DO7, antibodies (Novocastra). This was compared with cases of chronic cholecystitis (n = 11) and preneoplastic lesions of the gallbladder (n = 4) and ampulla (n = 3). Nuclear immunostaining for p53 protein was found only in the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder (n = 9) and were associated with a shorter patient survival period (median: 18.6 mths). The moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (n = 4) did not show p53 immunostaining and were associated with a longer median survival period (26 mths). The gallbladder dysplasias and adenoma also had no p53 protein immunoreactivity. The common bile duct carcinomas did not stain for p53. Focal p53 immunoreactivity was present in only one (11%) of the cases of ampullary carcinoma and in one (9%) of chronic cholecystitis. In summary, increased p53 immunostaining was associated with reduced patient survival and found more frequently in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder but not in the better differentiated carcinoma, chronic cholecystitis or preneoplastic lesions of the gallbladder. The differences in p53 immunohistological expression between gallbladder, common bile duct and ampullary carcinomas justify further investigation into the molecular mechanisms responsible for their development.
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PMID:p53 protein immunoreactivity in cancers of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and ampulla of Vater. 756 35

Anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody and ABC staining were used to study the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin in patients with primary gallbladder carcinoma (31 cases), adenoma and tumor-like lesions of gallbladder (10 cases), and chronic cholecystitis (7 cases). The PCNA indices were 373.48 +/- 219.83, 94.9 +/- 93, and 56 +/- 28.63, respectively. This index was significantly higher in malignant lesions than in benign diseases (P < 0.01). There was a tendency that the higher the PCNA index, the lower differential degree of the gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.01). But there were no significant correlations between the PCNA indices and the pathohistological types, the nevin classifications and the TNM classifications of the gallbladder carcinoma (P > 0.05).
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PMID:[The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in primary gallbladder carcinoma and its significance]. 765 96

Thirteen cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder (GB), 1 of malignant fibrous histocytoma, 3 of metastatic adenocarcinoma, 5 of adenoma, 5 of polypus, 2 of xanthogranuloma, 6 of chronic cholecystitis, 4 of acute cholecystitis, and 8 of subacute cholecystitis were studied by image-directed and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). All of the 14 cases of primary GB cancer (10 masses, 4 thickening wall) were found to have a high velocity arterial blood flow signal in the wall of the GB. In contrast, the 3 cases of metastatic cancer of the GB had no blood flow signal in the wall of the GB. For the 30 cases of benign lesions of the GB, only in 12 cases was a low velocity blood flow signal found. Nine of 10 cases of primary GB malignancy were found to have high velocity arterial blood flow signals in the tumor masses. No blood flow signal was observed in the masses of 13 cases (3 of metastatic adenocarcinoma, 5 of adenoma, 5 of polypus). An abnormal high velocity arterial blood flow signal observed within masses in the GB or in the GB wall is a significant feature of primary GB cancer and thus helps to differentiate primary GB cancer from metastatic and benign lesions of the GB.
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PMID:Image-directed and color Doppler studies of gallbladder tumors. 780 63

Elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase receptor, are found in carcinomas from various sites of the body. We investigated the expression of EGFR in carcinoma of the gallbladder (n = 13), common bile duct (n = 7) and ampulla of Vater (n = 9). Non-malignant conditions investigated include chronic cholecystitis (n = 11), gallbladder dysplasia (n = 3) and adenoma (n = 1), and ampullary carcinoma in situ (CIS) (n = 2). Routine immunohistochemistry was employed using a monoclonal antibody against the EGFR protein. Immunostaining was assessed according to both intensity and extent of staining of cells. There was strong immunoreactivity for all gallbladder carcinoma and adenoma, the majority of common bile duct (n = 6; 86%) and ampullary (n = 6; 67%) carcinoma. In contrast, all cases of gallbladder dysplasia, the majority of cases of chronic cholecystitis (n = 7; 64%) and ampullary CIS (n = 2; 67%) had only weak to moderate immunoreactivity. The pattern of immunoreactivity was one of diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous staining. In conclusion, EGFR expression is increased in both gallbladder, common bile duct and ampullary carcinomas but not in non-malignant conditions of the gallbladder and biliary tract. These findings suggest that EGFR overexpression occurs late in the sequential development of gallbladder and biliary tract cancers.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract tumours. 882 9

The c-fos gene encodes a 55 kDa nuclear protein product that complexes to a cellular protein, p39. The pattern of expression of c-fos is particularly complex with increased expression of the protein observed in undifferentiated cultured cells while reduced expression is found during terminal differentiation. The expression of c-fos gene was studied by immunohistochemistry in carcinoma of the gall-bladder (n = 13), biliary tract (n = 5) and ampulla of Vater (n = 9). Non-malignant conditions investigated include chronic cholecystitis (n = 11), gall-bladder dysplasia (n = 3) and adenoma (n = 1), and ampullary carcinoma in situ (n = 3). Strong positive granular cytoplasmic immunostaining for c-fos oncoprotein was present in most gall-bladder adenocarcinomas (n = 11; 85%). The single gall-bladder adenoma and only one of the dysplasia cases were positive. Most of the cases of chronic cholecystitis showed either absent or only focal to patchy and weak to moderate c-fos immunoreactivity in the deeper glands and Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses but not in the superficial epithelium. None of the biliary tract and ampullary tumors showed immunostaining for c-fos. The difference in c-fos immunoreactivity between gall-bladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis was statistically significant (P = 0.0002; chi 2 test with continuity correction). In conclusion, c-fos protein may be important in the development of gall-bladder neoplasia with increased c-fos immunoreactivity in gall-bladder carcinoma but not in chronic cholecystitis, biliary tract and ampullary neoplasms. These findings suggest that gall-bladder carcinoma may arise from a different genetic basis compared to biliary tract and ampullary cancers.
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PMID:Differences in c-fos gene product expression in cancers of the gall-bladder and biliary tract. 891 47

During mitosis, 2 centrosomes ensure accurate assembly of bipolar spindles and fidelity of the chromosomal segregation. The presence of more than 2 copies of centrosomes during mitosis can result in the formation of multipolar spindles, unbalanced chromosome segregation, and aneuploidy. Recent studies have provided evidence that centrosome hyperamplification plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Using immunofluorescence analysis with gamma-tubulin and pericentrin antibodies, paraffin-embedded sections from 40 malignant biliary diseases including gallbladder cancers (GC; n = 13), intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC; n = 19), and extrahepatic bile duct cancers (BDC; n = 8) were examined. Thirty-seven benign biliary diseases including chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder adenoma, hepatolithiasis, and choledochal cyst were included as benign controls. The frequencies of the centrosome abnormalities were 70% for GC, 58% for CCC, and 50% for BDC, respectively. The frequencies of centrosome abnormalities in malignant biliary diseases were significantly higher than in their benign counterparts (GC, CCC, BDC; P =.001,.002, and.001, respectively). The results of current study also indicated that biliary malignancy in the advanced stage (III-IV) displayed a higher frequency of centrosome abnormalities than in the early stage (I-II) (P <.001). We conclude that abnormalities in size, number, and shape of the centrosome are frequently observed in biliary tract malignancy. Centrosome abnormalities started to occur in the early stage of biliary malignancy and became very frequent in the advanced stage. This implies that centrosome abnormality might relate to the transition from early to advanced malignancy in biliary malignancy.
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PMID:Centrosome abnormalities in human carcinomas of the gallbladder and intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. 1061 29


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