Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Calcitonin is widely used in the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of salmon calcitonin (SCT) on the incidence of the pituitary tumors in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Subcutaneous injections of SCT at a dose of 160 IU/kg/day for 6 months reduced body weight and induced one pituitary hyperplasia and three pituitary adenomas in 4 of 5 animals, while 5 controls did not show any changes. Prolactin-positive cells were located at the periphery of the affected pituitaries adjacent to the prolactin-negative adenomas. In addition, serum concentrations of prolactin and TSH were lower than in the controls, although serum calcium or LH levels were not significantly different from the controls. Among 7 animals treated with SCT for 6 months followed by no medication for another 6 months, 5 adenomas were detected, one of which had invasive growth toward the adjacent tissue, whereas only one adenoma was found in 9 controls. These results suggest that SCT administration at a high dose may induce the formation of pituitary adenoma, or may accelerate the development of spontaneous pituitary adenomas, some of which show frequent mitotic figures and invasive growth into the surrounding tissue, possibly resulting in malignant transformation. This indicates the need for caution in considering whether calcitonin injections into patients with osteoporosis as well as Paget's disease may induce such pituitary tumors.
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PMID:Salmon calcitonin induces pituitary tumor in rats. 182 38

The authors report a case of pituitary adenoma with positive immunospecific staining for beta-FSH and serum alpha subunit. The tumour was revealed by an amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome with hyperprolactinaemia and without increase in serum gonadotrophin values. Pregnancy occurred during bromocriptine treatment which made it possible to control an hemianopsia developed in the fourth month of gestation. The adenoma was successfully removed a few months later.
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PMID:[Gonadotropic pituitary adenoma and pregnancy. Value of bromocriptine]. 182 88

A 46-year-old woman with acromegaly and hyperthyroidism due to a pituitary adenoma. She had high serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and very high serum growth hormone (GH) levels. Transsphenoidal removal of the tumor, post-operative irradiation, frontal craniotomy for removal of residual tumor and large-dose bromocriptine therapy were carried out consecutively. After therapy, serum GH levels gradually decreased, but not to the normal range, and serum TSH levels remained at inappropriately normal levels. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, GH-, TSH- and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-containing cells were demonstrated in the adenoma. A long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995, 600 micrograms/day) suppressed the serum GH level to the normal range with a concomitant suppression of TSH. Furthermore, the paradoxical serum GH responses to TRH and LH-RH were slightly improved. No important subjective side-effects were noted. Therefore, SMS 201-995 appeared to be a very effective drug in this patient with a GH- and TSH-producing pituitary tumor.
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PMID:Effect of a long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) on a growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone-producing pituitary tumor. 186 12

A case of sphenoid ridge meningioma and pituitary adenoma adjacent in the brain is reported. A 70-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with headache. She had no neurological deficit but did have acromegalic change. Hormonal examination showed elevation of plasma levels of HGH (19.0 ng/ml), with normal levels of the other hormones. CT examination revealed a tumor with calcification in the inner third of the sphenoid ridge and another in the pituitary fossa with suprasellar expansion. MRI showed flow void of ICA between these tumors. Intensity of the T1-weighted image of the tumor in the sphenoid ridge was homogeneously iso intensity, and low intensity in the pituitary fossa. The diagnosis of adjacent tumors in the sphenoid ridge meningioma and pituitary adenoma had been made preoperatively. Left front-temporal craniotomy and removal of these tumors were performed. These tumors were close to each other, but were separated by the internal carotid artery and anterior cerebral artery. Pathological examination demonstrated meningotheliomatous meningioma in the sphenoid ridge and sparsely granulated somatotroph adenoma in the pituitary fossa. Fourteen cases showing association of meningioma and pituitary adenoma, which had no history of radiation and trauma, have been reported previously. Although GH producing pituitary adenoma may stimulate adjacent dura and arachnoid cells resulting in the formation of meningioma, the possibility of coincidental occurrence of the two tumors cannot be ignored.
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PMID:[A case report of adjacent tumor of sphenoid ridge meningioma and GH producing pituitary adenoma]. 188 28

We present three cases of pituitary adenoma with adjacent carotid artery aneurysm. The three adenomas are HGH-producing, prolactinoma and non-functioning tumors. Two of these 3 patients showed signs and symptoms of adenoma, while the other one showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The presence of the aneurysm adjacent to the pituitary adenoma was strongly suspected by the MRI finding, and the flow void signal sign just attached to the carotid artery in acromegalic patient. In a case of recurrent pituitary adenoma, development of the aneurysm was observed at a 17 year interval between angiography. Although the etiology of these lesion is not yet known, the change of hemodynamism seemed to have a major role in producing the aneurysm in all cases. The simultaneous treatment of the pituitary adenoma with aneurysm produced good results in all patients by the frontotemporal approach. MRI proved to be quite a useful tool in the management of cases of pituitary adenoma with adjacent carotid artery aneurysm. Cerebral angiography should also be performed without hesitation in such cases in which the MRI shows a significant finding of aneurysm. Simultaneous treatment of these lesions by a frontotemporal approach is recommended.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenoma with adjacent carotid artery aneurysm. 189 Apr 60

A 68-year-old male patient presented with visual impairment due to a large pituitary tumor. After transsphenoidal adenomectomy the elevated serum FSH levels were lowered but not normalized. Deterioration of the vision was detected five years later and tumor regrowth was evidenced. The patient was treated with the long-acting and repeatable form of bromocriptine (Parlodel-LAR). Three days after the first intramuscular injection it already resulted in an important improvement of the visual field defects. Serum FSH concentration was suppressed during a prolonged period, but no change in the size of the pituitary adenoma was recorded on CT scan. Long-term oral treatment with bromocriptine resulted in a sustained suppression of the serum FSH levels, without further visual improvement, but with a significant reduction of the volume of the adenoma. The rapid and prolonged effect of Parlodel-LAR upon the FSH secretion, with a possible correction of the visual field defects and a reduction of the tumor mass, could make this medication appropriate as adjunctive treatment in some gonadotroph cell adenomas.
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PMID:Acute effects of Parlodel-LAR and response to long-term treatment with bromocriptine in a patient with a follicle stimulating hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. 190 37

The case histories of three patients with hyperthyroidism due to overproduction of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by the pituitary gland are described. In the first patient treatment with the T3-metabolite 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) led to complete clinical and biochemical normalization. In the second patient treatment with the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine led to a temporal amelioration of hyperthyroidism. In the third patient, who was the only one with a proven pituitary adenoma, hypersecretion of TSH could be controlled by administration of the somatostatin analogue octreotide. It is emphasized that patients with this disorder should preferably not be treated with thyrostatic drugs, radioactive iodine or thyroid surgery. The success rate of these treatment modalities is lower than normal, they may lead to an increase of goiter size, and they potentially may promote growth or development of a TSH-producing adenoma. Treatment should be aimed at diminishing TSH hypersecretion.
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PMID:Hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone: diagnosis and management. 192 91

A rare case of simultaneous hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) in a pituitary adenoma is reported. A 59-year-old male complaining of general fatigue, dyspnea on exertion and finger tremor was admitted. Examination on admission, he revealed with hyperthyroidism and hypersecretion of TSH and thyroid hormones. Administration of TRH did not further increase serum TSH level, and administration of T3 also had no effect on TSH secretion. CT scan showed a pituitary macroadenoma 13mm in diameter. MRI demonstrated a homogenously hypointense mass with Gd-DTPA enhancement in the left side of the sella turcica. The entire chromophobic adenoma was removed by trans-sphenoidal surgery. Immunostaining of the specimen showed that the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells was positive for both TSH and GH. Double immunostaining using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method and immunogold silver staining (IGSS) method, showed that the adenoma cells had been secreting both GH and TSH at the same time. After the adenomectomy, the hyperthyroidism disappeared, and all altered indicators of pituitary function returned to normal.
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PMID:[A case of pituitary adenoma with simultaneous secretion of TSH and GH detected by double immunostaining method]. 193 Dec 60

A 29-year old female, in her second pregnancy, complained of headache, nausea, vomiting and left blurred vision. In spite of improvement of these symptoms in the second postpartum, she complained of recurrent symptoms in her third pregnancy. CT and MRI showed a pituitary adenoma with hematoma. It was totally removed using the transsphenoidal approach during pregnancy at 8 months. The histological examination revealed that the tumor was an acidophilic adenoma with a hemorrhagic change. A healthy baby was born at the full term after the operation. Our transsphenoidal operation during pregnancy was only the second such attempt reported in our collected literature. The management of the pituitary tumor during pregnancy is discussed.
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PMID:[A report of a transsphenoidal operation during pregnancy for a pituitary adenoma]. 194 97

As the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas remains unclear, the tumor clonal composition of these common neoplasms was studied. Clonality was determined in female patients by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the X-chromosome genes hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and phosphoglycerate kinase in conjunction with their respective methylation patterns. Peripheral lymphocyte DNA was screened from 62 female patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. Eleven patients were heterozygous for the BglI site on PGK, 4 for the BamHI site on HPRT, and 1 patient for both sites. Of these 16 patients, 3 had acromegaly, 4 had Cushing's disease, 7 had hyperprolactinemia, and 2 were clinically nonfunctional. After surgery, morphological study, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the pathological specimens, allowed a direct comparison between clonality and tumor cell type. Control fresh normal pituitary tissue was found to be polyclonal. The following tumors were monoclonal: all 3 somatotroph adenomas, 4 of 4 lactotroph tumors, 3 of 4 corticotroph cell adenomas, a gonadotroph adenoma, and a nonsecretory adenoma. A mixed plurihormonal adenoma was polyclonal, as were 2 tumors consisting of adenomatous lactotrophs interspersed with nontumorous adenohypophyseal pituitary tissue and one corticotroph adenoma mixed with normal pituitary tissue. Functional pituitary adenomas derived from somatotrophs, corticotrophs, or lactotrophs and nonsecretory tumors are monoclonal in nature, suggesting that somatic cell mutations precede clonal expansion of these cells and play a major role in pituitary tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas. 197 59


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