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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the clinical picture of autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland has been well known for a long time, a series of connections has in some cases been unclarified, and in other cases contradictory so far. This applies in particular to the relationships between the scintigraphic image and the metabolic balance of the autonomous adenoma. In 98 patiets aged from 21 to 70 years old (80 women, 18 men) with autonomous adenoma unequivocally verified by suppression or stimulation test, it was therefore investigated whether such connections can be demonstrated. The following could be established: 1. In patients with an autonomous adenoma, there is an established connection between the scintigraphy image, the thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in the serum as well as the delta-TSH. In patients with scintigraphically compensated autonomous adenomas, the hormone levels are all in the euthyroid range. In patients with scintigraphically decompensated autonomous adenoma, the values of thyroid hormones are found in some cases in the euthyroid, and in other cases in the hyperthyroid range. 2. Scintigraphically decompensated autonomous adenomas always display a negative TRH test, whereas this may be negative and in other cases also postivie in scintigraphically compensated autonomous adenomas. The TRH test may be negative in compensated and in decompensated autonomous adenoma even in patients in whom the thyroid hormone values in the serum are in the euthyroid range. The TRH test thus does not permit evaluation of the current functional activity of the autonomous adenoma. It is furthermore unsuitable for delimitation of a compensated from a decompensated autonomous adenoma as well as for different diagnosis between a nodular goiter and a scintigraphically compensated autonomous adenoma. 3. There is a statistically established relation between the size of the autonomous adenoma, the age of the patient as well as the thyroid hormone values. Autonomous adenomas accordingly become larger with increasing age. The values of thyroid hormones increase and lead to corresponding alterations in the TRH test.
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PMID:[Studies on the function of the autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland (author's transl)]. 11 9

15 euthyroid patients, 15 patients with a so-called non toxic goiter, 7 patients with hypothyroidism and 14 patients with hyperthyroidism (Grave's disease and autonomous adenoma) were submitted to intravenous (200 micrograms) and oral (40 mg) TRH-stimulation tests. After the oral application of TRH the patients with a normal thyroid function and the patients with a goiter showed an increase of the concentration of TSH which was about 1 1/2 fold higher than after the intravenous application of TRH. The patients who suffered from hypothyroidism showed a different reaction after intravenous and oral application of TRH. The patients with a hyperthyroidism had neither after the intravenous nor after the oral application of TRH an increase of the peripheral concentration of TSH. Therefore both intravenous and oral TRH-stimulation tests seem to be apt in the same way for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases and for the control of the therapy when thyroid hormones are applied.
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PMID:[Intravenous and oral TRH-stimulation test: comparison of the value of both tests concerning diagnosis and therapy of thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. 11 2

Thyrotropin induces the formation of a follicular structure of thyroid cells in tissue culture. It produces an increase in cyclic AMP content of thyrotropin treated cells. Thyrotropin induces on increase in iodine incorporation with the appearance of iodinated proteins which are mostly 19 S. thyroglobulin. In goiters, the level of cyclic AMP and the stimulation with thyrotropin differs from normal conditions indicating differences in cell metabolism and differences in the properties of the receptor. Thyrotropin also gives an increase in uridine incorporation in RNA and on increase not only in poly A but also in poly A-RNA associated with heavy polysomes. The level of poly A is higher in toxic adenoma and lower in microfollicular adenoma as compared to colloido nodular goiter which is in good agreement with our knowledge of thyroid cell metabolism.
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PMID:[Biochemical study of normal and abnormal thyroid cells in tissue culture (author's transl)]. 21 Jul 5

The concentrations of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and of histamine in normal and diseased thyroids were determined with an automated amino acid analyzer. A total of 39 specimens was investigated: 7 specimens of normal tissue, 6 adenocarcinomas, 2 specimens of tissues adjacent to adenocarcinoma, 13 specimens from treated Graves' disease, 7 follicular adenomas, 2 adenomatous goiters, and 2 specimens of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mean putrescine levels in tissues from normal thyroid, adenocarcinomas, Graves' disease, and follicular adenoma were 26, 143, 20, and 12 nmol/g wet tissue, respectively. The mean levels of both spermidine and spermine were slightly but significantly higher in adenocarcinomas than in other thyroid tissues. The molar ratio of spermidine to spermine was about 0.5 both in the normal and diseased thyroid tissues, except for specimens of thyroiditis. Histamine was detected in 3 of the 6 cases of thyroid carcinomas, and in case of adenomatous goiter. The data suggest that measurement of polyamines, especially putrescine, may be useful for diagnosis of thyroid adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Elevated levels of polyamines and histamine in adenocarcinomas of the thyroid. 26 33

The present concept for the etiology of thyroid disease permits the definition of three separate entities occuring with hyperthyroidism: Graves' Disease, Toxic Nodular Goitre, Autonomous Adenoma. Physiopathological properties of these entities lead to a rational therapeutic strategy for each one of them.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism]. 37 85

The incidence of thyroid diseases was evaluated in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism subjected to parathyroidectomy. Eleven patients (26.8%) were affected in this way: 2 with carcinoma, 5 with nodular goitre, and 4 with adenoma. The possible reasons for associations of this kind are discussed, and it is suggested that their high frequency points to a relationship of cause and affect.
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PMID:[Incidence of thyroid diseases in primary hyperparathyroidism]. 37 3

The response of hTSH to TRH (400 mug i.v.) was studied in 45 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for various reasons. Euthyroid values of T4 and ETI were observed in all but one patient. An increased response of hTSH to TRH (as compared with 15 control subjects) was observed in 12 out of 30 patients operated upon for non-toxic goitre, in one out of nine operated upon for toxic goitre and in three out of six patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma or proliferating adenoma of the thyroid. The necessity of specific replacement therapy in those individuals with increased release of hTSH upon TRH administration is discussed.
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PMID:[Thyroid function following thyroidectomy determined by the TRH-induced release of thyrotropin (author's transl)]. 40 51

Ultrastructure of the capillaries of malignant and benign thyroid tumours has been examined. The material consisted of biopsies from six cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma, one case of follicular (foetal type) adenoma and six cases of nodular adenomatous goitre. In the group of nodular adenomatous goitre and in the follicular adenoma, the capillary wall was made up of fenestrated endothelium similar to that of capillaries of normal human thyroid. The fenestrae occupied a large area of the endothelial wall. Micro- and macropinocytotic vesicles were frequent in the endothelial cytoplasm. In the thyroid carcinomas the papillary structures always contained numerous capillaries with fenestrated endothelium. The microfollicular area and the solid tumoral areas of the papillary carcinoma showed occasional capillaries with fenestrated endothelium, but many capillaries were lined with continuous endothelium. The capillaries in all the specimens were surrounded externally by a continuous basement membrane which was frequently bilaminate or multilaminate. This study indicates that capillaries with fenestrated endothelium are characteristic of thyroid tumours which arise from follicular cells.
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PMID:Ultrastructural observations on the capillaries of human thyroid tumours. 46 54

Thyroid aspiration biopsy is a valuable complementary method for the examination of an enlarged thyroid gland--especially of cold nodules. Undifferentiated tumours and papillary carcinomas can be recognized with great accuracy. The inability to achieve a precise distinction between atypical follicular adenoma and highly-differentiated follicular carcinoma leads to false-positive or false-negative findings--depending on the strategy of cytological evaluation used. The selective value of the method can be preserved only by accepting false-positive cytological findings; false-negative findings are rare. Aspiration biopsy and cytological examination of the thyroid gland, therefore, can make a valuable contribution towards obtaining a precise indication for the surgical treatment of cold nodules of the thyroid.
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PMID:[Aspiration biopsy cytology of the thyroid gland: results and critical evaluation (author's transl)]. 51 45

In a thyrotoxic patient with nodular goiter treated with stable iodide and Carbimazole, a series of 131I scans was performed at different intervals for proposed 131I therapy. Originally, total uptake was suppressed and the node was evaluated as active. The same type of scan was seen repeatedly with uptake increasing for about 6 months following stable iodide withdrawal. Only 9 months later, the effect of 127I disappeared and uptake rose considerably with a reversal of the scan to the picture of a hypofunctioning node. The same distribution was found after therapeutic 131I administration. 6 months following treatment, without any thyrostatic drugs, the patient was euthyroid and on the scan most of tracer was found in the node. It is believed that this change is best explained by the different sensitivity of the nodule and the paranodular tissue to the effect of stable iodide. It is believed that the hyperthyroidism originated in the paranodular tissue highly sensitive on the 127I, while the nodule (presumably an adenoma) was less sensitive and showed uptake only when the paranodular tissue was depressed by 127I or, later, injured by the effect of therapeutic 131I.
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PMID:Functional activity of a thyroid nodule under the influence of stable iodide administration in a hyperthyroid patient. 53 25


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