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Query: UMLS:C0001430 (adenoma)
 21,222 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comprehensive autopsy survey of the large bowel showed that adenomas were very common lesions occurring in about one-half of the 518 cases studied. The great majority were small adenomatous polyps (tubular adenomas), 86.7% measuring less than 10 mm in diameter. Adenomas with a more complex tubulovillous pattern were larger with a mean diameter of 19.0 mm. There was no apparent incresae in mean size of adenomas with age. Nineteen clinically unsuspected cancers were discovered. Fourteen (8 in situ and 6 invasive) cancers had areas of residual benign adenoma. Five invasive cancers had no residual benign component. No in situ carcinomas or small (less than 10 mm) invasive cancers not containing residual adenoma were found. The results suggest that, although adenomas of the large bowel are very common, the vast majority are simple adenomatous polyps which do not undergo progressive growth and malignant change. Conversely, it appears that cancers may arise from benign adenomas which have the characteristics of large size and a more complex villous architecture.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Adenomatous lesions of the large bowel: an autopsy survey. 44 71

The pathogenesis of juvenile polyps of the colon was studied in a patient with multiple juvenile polyposis who underwent proctocolectomy for rectal carcinoma and antrectomy for associated polyps of the stomach. Numerous polyps up to 3 cm in diameter were present predominantly in the cecum and rectum, and in addition there was an adenocarcinoma in the rectum. Microscopically there were five categories of lesions: 1) Hyperplastic epithelial foci and small hyperplastic polyps; 2) Typical Juvenile polyps; 3) Juvenile polyps with focal adenomatous epithelium; 4) Adenomas; and 5) and adenocarcinoma. The five categories could represent a pathogenetic sequence, beginning with epithelial hyperplasia, leading to small hyperplastic polyps which become inflamed and enlarge, forming juvenile polyps. Focal adenomatous areas which develop in some juvenile polyps might give rise to adenomas and in turn lead to carcinoma. Although juvenile polyps are generally not considered to be premalignant lesions, this case demonstrates that neoplastic changes may occur in juvenile polyps in certain individuals, and raises the possibility that these may on occasion give rise to carcinoma.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Pathogenesis of colonic polyps in multiple juvenile polyposis: report of a case associated with gastric polyps and carcinoma of the rectum. 44 78

An overview of the risk of developing cancer related to oral contraceptive (o.c.) use is presented. A committee of experts affiliated with WHO studied the problem of developing cancer related to o.c. use. O.c. use for more than 2 years prevents the formation of benign breast tumors, even after discontinuing o.c. use. The effect is due to the progestin component. There is no clear indication that o.c. use increases the risk of breast cancer. A higher risk of endometrial cancer is associated with sequential preparation use, but not with the use of combination preparations. Cervical neoplasms and pituitary adenoma may be more frequent among predisposed women who use o.c.s. Studies show a reduced risk of ovarian cancer with o.c. use, but more studies are necessary. There is a marked increase in the relative risk of developing hepatocellular adenoma among women who use o.c.s for longer than 3 years. The risk increases with the hormone dosage, the duration of treatment, and the age of the patient. There is no reliable data to indicate that the risk of malignant melanoma increases with o.c. use. More study is needed to determine the possible cancer risks of injection preparations. Combination preparations can cause an increased risk of vaginal epithelial metaplasia. Diethylstilbestrol taken during early pregnancy can cause vaginal neoplasms in the offspring. More epidemiological studies and clinical and laboratory studies on the carcinogenic effects of o.c.s and the endocrinological effects of o.c.s on younger women should be undertaken. It is recommended that o.c.s with the lowest possible hormone dosages be used. O.c.s should not be prescribed to women with vaginal adenosis.
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PMID:[Oral contraceptives and the risk of neoplasms]. 44 57

A bronchial mucoepidermoid tumor in a 13-year-old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. This is the seventh reported case of this rare bronchial neoplasm in a person less than 16 years of age and the only case, in any age group, which has been studied ultrastructurally. All reported cases of bronchial mucoepidermoid tumors in childhood have been histologically of the low grade (well differentiated) variety with a benign clinical course. Although there are histological features which distinguish this lesion from the even rarer bronchial mucous gland adenoma, the clinical features and biological potential of the two lesions in this age group appear to be identical. The optimal surgical therapy for bronchial mucoepidermoid tumors and mucous gland adenomas, when occurring in children, is identical. There must be total removal of either lesion with the sacrifice of as little normal lung as possible. When technically possible, a sleeve resection of the involved bronchus is recommended; however, in most cases, the location of the lesion requires a lobectomy for complete removal.
Cancer 1979 Jul
PMID:Childhood bronchial mucoepidermoid tumors: a case report and review of the literature. 45 58

In presenting five new cases of renal adenomas the authors describe the general nature of these rare tumours. If the small adenoma corresponding to microscopic forms is frequent, the large adenoma is rare and always solitary. Haematuria and pain are the most common signs. The classic criterion of non-malignancy in a solid tumour measuring less than 3 cm has no diagnostic value. From a review of the lieterature on the subject, the authors demonstrate the angio-architecture corresponding to the different types of adenoma: the tubular adenoma which is hypervascularised and well circumscribed; the papillary adenoma, often cortical, hypovascular or avascular with bordering arcade; the alveolar adenoma; the mixed forms. They stress the difficulty of radiological diagnosis and the frequency of transitional forms with cancer. The place of angiography is in the pre-operative diagnostic assessment and in defining localised anomalies in angio-architecture which can guide histological examination in the search for neoplastic foci.
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PMID:Renal adenomas. 45 10

When early cancer of the colon and rectum is defined as in early gastric cancer, i.e., invasion is limited to the mucosa and submucosa, 38 lesions from 35 patients of early cancer of the colon and rectum were detected during the last 20 years. The macroscopic and histologic findings included cancer-containing adenoma in 35 lesions from 32 patients. When the diagnostic methods were compared in 33 cases of early cancer of the colon and rectum, it was found that positive or suspicious cancer was obtained by an x-ray study in 5 of 18 cases examined (28%), by endoscopy in 19 of 31 cases (61%), by cytologic methods in 18 of 21 cases (86%), by biopsy in 19 of 25 cases (76%) and by polypectomy under direct vision through an endoscope in 13 of 14 cases (93%). When both biopsy and cytologic studies were performed in combination with endoscopy (20 cases), either of them was positive in all cases. These results indicate the possibility of correct diagnosis in many cases through the combined use of the cytologic method and biopsy without polypectomy, if the location is previously checked. On the other hand, 104 polyps from 90 patients were removed by means of the snare-electrocautery technique with the use of coagulation current during the last 4 years. The histologic findings revealed cancer-containing adenoma in 13, even in benign appearing polyps and in small polyps 1.0 cm or less in diameter. These results indicate that diagnosis of early cancer of the colon and rectum is difficult without polypectomy, if cancer is not previously suspected.
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PMID:Diagnosis of early cancer of the colon and rectum. 49 69

The concept of a polyp-cancer sequence is assuming increasing credibility as a factor in the development of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy permits most colonic polyps to be endoscopically removed and studied pathologically. Of various polyp types encountered in the colon only neoplastic polyps are regarded as having malignant potential. Neoplastic polyps include tubular adenomas (formerly, adenomatous polyps), villous adenomas and villotubular adenomas (formerly, mixed or tuboglandular polyps). Cancerous changes must penetrate the muscularis mucosae for a polyp to be regarded as clinically malignant. The present report analyzes a series of 5,786 adenomas from over 7,000 polyp endoscopically removed. The largest number of each type of adenoma presented in the sigmoid colon, followed by the descending colon in terms of frequency. In all zones tubular adenomas were most common, villous least. Abnormal cellular change, from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer was most frequently found in the sigmoid colon and, in all colon sectors, increased as the villous componency of the polyp increased. However, all categories of neoplastic polyps showed malignant changes. Polyp size, long recognized as a factor, was shown to be importantly related to malignant change, but invasive cancer was found even in polyps less than 1 cm in diameter. In addition, the incidence of malignancy rose parallel to the frequency of synchronous and metachronous polyps. A vigorous program for detection and endoscopic removal of colorectal polyps is recommended as a means of reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Morphology, anatomic distribution and cancer potential of colonic polyps. 51 67

Records of 92 patients operated on for thyroid diseases were reviewed. There were four histologic groups: adenoma-56 (61%), thyrotoxicosis-22 (24%), cancer-10 (11%) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis-4 (4%). Among the cold nodules, 9% were malignant. Routine frozen section examination revealed three cases of cancer and three other cases were missed but were discovered on permanent section examination. The type of operations were lobectomy with or without isthmusectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy and modified radical neck dissection. Postoperative complications included two thyroid crises, two recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, one laryngeal obstruction and hypothyroidism, and one wound infection. There was no surgical mortality.
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PMID:Surgery of the thyroid gland. 57 47

The authors present an analysis of the data of foreign literature and the results of their personal studies of spontaneous neoplasms in 40 guinea pigs of national breeding observed during observed during a 5-year period. In 4 of them malignant tumors were diagnosed-lympholeucosis (2 cases), dermoid ovarian cysts and also cancer and adenoma of the adrenal cortex (in one animal). The neoplasms described developed in guinea pigs, aged over 4 years, and they are referred to as mostly common tumors in this species of animals.
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PMID:[Spontaneous neoplasms in guinea pigs]. 59 22

All patients with hyperparathyroidism seen in a large referral military hospital within a twenty month period underwent neck exploration by one of us (HN). Three patients were found to have an unsuspected solid thyroid nodule measuring 0.5 to 1.5 cm. All were widely excised by thyroid lobectomy and isthmectomy and found to be follicular or papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. These three patients join thirty-one previously reported clinical cases documenting an association between parathyroid adenoma and nonmedullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Because of the high potential for malignancy in this clinical setting, we urge careful examination and palpation of the thyroid gland during neck exploration for hypercalcemia in order to detect and cure "early" malignancies of the thyroid.
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PMID:Unsuspected nonmedullary carcinoma of the thyroid in patients with hyperparathyroidism. 59 48


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