Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-labelled deoxyglucose (FDG) for detection of pancreatic cancer 15 patients with pancreatic masses shown by computed tomography were investigated. Static PET scans covering an axial field of view of 15 cm were obtained 45 min after intravenous injection of 150-300 MBq FDG. Focally increased FDG accumulation was present in 12 out of 13 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma, in particular in eight of nine lymph node and four of five liver metastases. Scans of two patients with chronic pancreatitis confirmed by surgery revealed a normal FDG distribution. Contrast between tumour and normal tissue depended the metabolic situation prior to FDG injection. High ratios were found in fasting patients whereas no elevated FDG uptake was measured in an insulin-dependent diabetic suffering from carcinoma of the pancreatic head. We conclude that FDG PET might have the potential for detection and even differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma from chronic pancreatitis. Further studies are necessary to substantiate these preliminary findings and to optimize results in diabetic patients.
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PMID:Pancreatic cancer detected by positron emission tomography with 18F-labelled deoxyglucose: method and first results. 835 20

The tumor cell uptake of three tracers that can be labeled with isotopes suitable for PET imaging--FDG, L-methionine and thymidine--were examined in vitro in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (HTB77IP3) at varying times following 30 Gy 60Co irradiation and were compared to a nonirradiated control group. FDG, methionine and thymidine uptake per tissue culture well all increased following irradiation when compared to basal values, although to a much lower extent than the increases in uptake seen in a nonirradiated group. This increase in tracer uptake occurred despite a 6.25-fold decline in viable cell numbers. When examined per cell, FDG uptake per cell increased 9.77-fold, methionine 7.82-fold and thymidine 9.48-fold over basal levels from Day 0 to Day 12 following irradiation. Part of these increases may be due to giant cell formation and/or radiation repair processes that require energy, protein and DNA substrates. While the in vitro system differs from in vivo systems due to the absence of a blood supply in vitro, a lack of infiltrating leukocytes and other factors, our data suggest that early assessment of human adenocarcinoma response to radiotherapy by PET with these tracers may be complicated by this normal increase in tracer uptake postirradiation. Clearly, in this human cancer cell line, early radiation-induced cell death is not associated with an early decline in tumor cell uptake of FDG, methionine or thymidine.
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PMID:In vitro assessment of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, L-methionine and thymidine as agents to monitor the early response of a human adenocarcinoma cell line to radiotherapy. 825 26

The possibility of using [18F] FDG PET for assessment of tumor extension in primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was studied in 8 patients (6 high-grade and 2 low-grade, one of the MALT type) and in a control group of 7 patients (5 patients with NHL without clinical signs of gastric involvement, 1 patient with NHL and benign gastric ulcer and 1 patient with adenocarcinoma of the stomach). All patients with gastric NHL and the two with benign gastric ulcer and adenocarcinoma, respectively, underwent endoscopy including multiple biopsies for histopathological diagnosis. All patients with high-grade and one of the two with low-grade NHL and the patient with adenocarcinoma displayed high gastric uptake of [18F] FDG corresponding to the pathological findings at endoscopy and/or CT. No pathological tracer uptake was seen in the patient with low-grade gastric NHL of the MALT type. In 6/8 patients with gastric NHL, [18F] FDG PET demonstrated larger tumor extension in the stomach than was found at endoscopy, and there was high tracer uptake in the stomach in two patients who were evaluated as normal on CT. [18F] FDG PET correctly excluded gastric NHL in the patient with a benign gastric ulcer and in the patients with NHL without clinical signs of gastric involvement. Although the experience is as yet limited, [18F] FDG PET affords a novel possibility for evaluation of gastric NHL and would seem valuable as a complement to endoscopy and CT in selected patients, where the technique can yield additional information decisive for the choice of therapy.
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PMID:[18F] FDG PET in gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 940 47

To evaluate the value of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans, we performed FDG-PET scans in 23 patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules less than 3 cm in size and analyzed these scans qualitatively and semiquantitatively. Histologic specimens were obtained by thoracoscopic excisional biopsy in 16 patients, CT-guided needle aspiration cytology in three, and bronchoscopic brushing cytology in four. Pathological diagnoses were lung cancer in 16 patients, benign inflammation in six, and malignant lymphoma in one. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the FDG-PET scans were 88% (15/17), 67% (4/6) and 83% (19/23), respectively. There were two false-positive cases (organizing pneumonia and cryptococcosis) and two false-negative ones (slow-growing adenocarcinoma and malignant lymphoma). Although a few false-positive cases of granulomatous disease were yielded, the FDG-PET scans were highly sensitive in the detection of lung cancer. We conclude that the FDG-PET scanning in a useful diagnostic imaging modailty in the management of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.
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PMID:[Efficacy of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans in diagnosis of pulmonary nodules]. 1003 34

Colon and rectal carcinomas are common in North America and Northwestern Europe. In South America, the risk of this disease is not as great. Adenocarcinomas are the most common types of tumors, and they occur mainly in the descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum. A patient with a possible right colon carcinoma was examined using F-18 FDG.
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PMID:Detection of synchronous carcinomas of the colon with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose: a case report. 1079 98

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new diagnostic technique. It is used to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary nodules and to detect metastasis and lymph node involvement in primary lung cancer, but little has been published about its possible interest for detection of unknown primary tumors. We report the case of a man who underwent resection of a cerebral tumor. A histological diagnosis of cerebral metastasis from adenocarcinoma with a probable pulmonary origin was made. Preoperative staging (including thoracoabdominal CT-scan and bone scan) did not show any pathologic image, particularly in the thorax. A whole body FDG-PET-scan was then performed. An isolated (1.5 cm of diameter) hypermetabolic focus was discovered in the left upper lobe. Bronchoscopy was normal An upper left lobectomy confirmed the presence of the primary lung adenocarcinoma. In this particular case, FDG-PET proved to be a very useful diagnostic method. New indications are being developed for it.
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PMID:FDG-PET detection of primary lung cancer in a patient with an isolated cerebral metastasis. 1095 51

We evaluated the clinical significance of 18F-FDG PET to detect malignant ovarian neoplasms and tumor spread. 40 patients (median age: 57.5 years) underwent laparotomy because of clinical suspicion of malignant ovarian tumors or recurrent disease. The results of the preoperatively performed PET were correlated with the postoperative histologic diagnosis and the intraoperatively assessed tumor spread. In 10 of 40 patients benign tumors were found, among which a tubo-ovarian abscess was the only one diagnosed as false positive. 4/30 malignant neoplasms did not originate from the coelomic epithelium, but all were correctly recognized as malignant tumors by PET, as was recurrent ovarian cancer in 12 patients. Out of 14 primary ovarian carcinomas, 2 borderline tumors and 1 well-differentiated adenocarcinoma FIGO stage I were not correctly identified. Considering the tumor type, sensitivity, and specificity were 90%, calculating for the positive and negative predictive value 96% and 75%, respectively, and 90% for the diagnostic accuracy. Those statistical parameters were slightly lower for PET detection of lymph node metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although its diagnostic accuracy may vary depending on the clinical application, 18F-FDG PET is basically a suitable method for detecting ovarian malignancies, particularly in patients with relapsed ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:The role of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) in diagnosis of ovarian cancer. 1124 Jul 52

Purpose: We discuss three cases of patients with small polypoid lesions of gallbladder in which we successfully differentiated the malignancy or benignity preoperatively using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with 18F-labelled deoxyglucose (FDG).Methods and Results: The first case involves a 47-year-old woman who had a 15 x 10 mm polypoid lesion of the gallbladder. FDG-PET was performed and revealed no FDG uptake. The histopathological diagnosis was a cholesterol polyp. The second case is a 56-year-old woman who had a 22 x 8 mm polypoid lesion in the neck of the gallbladder and wall-thickening of the fundus. FDG-PET was performed and no FDG uptake was found. The postoperative diagnosis was pseudo-tumorous sludge in the neck and adenomyomatosis of the fundus. The third case is a 77-year-old man who had a 15 x 15 mm polypoid lesion in the gallbladder. PET revealed a focus of FDG uptake at the site of the gallbladder. The histopathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. Focal FDG uptake was the sole indicator of a malignant tumor of the gallbladder.Conclusions: FDG-PET may become one of the most useful tools for the accurate preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
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PMID:Possibility of Differential Diagnosis of Small Polypoid Lesions in the Gallbladder Using FDG-PET. 1134 50

A series of biodistribution studies were conducted with the radiotracer, [(18)F]N-(4'-fluorobenzyl)-4-(3-bromophenyl)acetamide, [(18)F]1 in nude mice bearing tumor xenografts of the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma, line 66. This radiotracer has a high affinity for both sigma(1) and sigma(2) receptors. In vivo studies were also conducted in order to assess the effect of blocking sigma(1) receptors on tumor uptake and the tumor:background ratio of this radiotracer. The results of these studies revealed that blocking the sigma(1) receptor so that only the sigma(2) receptors are labeled in vivo, results in a higher tumor:background ratio with only a small reduction in the tumor uptake of the radiotracer relative to the no-carrier-added (i.e., nonselective) conditions. Comparative in vivo studies were also conducted with the anatomic and metabolic imaging agent, [(18)F]FDG, and a radiolabeled DNA precursor, [(125)I]IUdR. Both of these radiolabeled compounds represent classes of agents that have been proposed for imaging the proliferative status of solid tumors. The results of these studies indicated that a sigma(2)-selective imaging agent may be, 1) a better anatomic imaging agent for breast cancer than [(18)F]FDG, and 2) a better functional imaging agent than the radiolabeled DNA precursors, [(123/124)I]IUdR and [(11)C]thymidine, for measuring the proliferative status of breast tumors with PET and SPECT. However, additional studies will be needed to compare sigma(2)-selective imaging agents with [(18)F]FLT in order to determine which is the more appropriate imaging agent for measuring the proliferative status of breast tumors with PET.
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PMID:[[(18)F]N-(4'-fluorobenzyl)-4-(3-bromophenyl) acetamide for imaging the sigma receptor status of tumors: comparison with [(18)F]FDG, and [(125)I]IUDR. 1139 19

In the clinical study of prostate cancer, the effect of androgen ablation on glucose metabolism in cancer tissue has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in glucose utilization due to endocrine therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. Ten patients with histologically proven prostate cancer were prospectively investigated with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography (FDG PET) prior to and after the initiation of endocrine therapy. FDG uptake was calculated to measure glucose utilization in cancer tissue. The change in FDG accumulation was compared with changes in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and prostate size. FDG accumulation in the prostate decreased in all patients 1-5 months after the initiation of hormone therapy. The serum PSA level and prostate size measured on computerized tomography (CT) also decreased in these periods. A decrease in FDG accumulation was also demonstrated in metastatic sites. In this study, there appeared to be a decrease in FDG uptake in prostate cancer after endocrine therapy not only in primary prostate cancer lesions but also at metastatic sites, suggesting that the glucose utilization by tumours was suppressed by androgen ablation.
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PMID:FDG PET for evaluating the change of glucose metabolism in prostate cancer after androgen ablation. 1150 4


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