Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 53-year-old woman presented with an extensively metastatic and rapidly growing breast adenocarcinoma, markedly elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and mildly elevated blood urea nitrogen. She received 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Eighteen hours after chemotherapy she was noted to have hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and acute renal failure. She experienced cardiac arrest and died 72 hours after receiving chemotherapy. A postmortem liver biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma undergoing necrosis. This case represented the acute tumor lysis syndrome that occurred after chemotherapy of breast carcinoma. Patients with metastatic breast carcinoma and similar presentations should be considered for prophylactic therapy with allopurinol and hydration before chemotherapy.
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PMID:Fatal acute tumor lysis syndrome with metastatic breast carcinoma. 359 99

A human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, WiDr, has been grown in monolayer, as multicellular spheroids, and as xenografted tumors in immune-deprived mice. The growth and radiation responses of the cells under these different growth conditions were compared. The mean doubling time of monolayer cultures was 0.8 day and the initial volume doubling times of spheroids and xenografts averaged 1.2 and 6 days, respectively. The mean total viable cell plating efficiencies were 82, 63, and 7% for cells from monolayers, spheroids, and xenografted tumors, respectively. The radiation responses of single cell suspensions prepared from WiDr tumors (8-10 mm in diameter), exponentially growing monolayer cultures (5 days growth), and spheroids (1200 microns in diameter) irradiated in air at 4 degrees C were similar. Values for D0 were 1.5 Gy and for n between 3 and 5. Nitrogen curves were characterized by a D0 of 5 Gy and n between 3 and 6. Oxygen enhancement ratios were approximately 3.3. Both spheroids and tumors had radioresistant components to the 37 degrees C/air-breathing survival curves with estimated hypoxic fractions of 8 and 12%, respectively. The final portion of the survival curves for irradiations in nitrogen and under normal growth conditions were parallel for both tumors and spheroids. Thus WiDr spheroids appear to model accurately the radiation sensitivity of WiDr tumors.
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PMID:The radiation response of a human colon adenocarcinoma grown in monolayer, as spheroids, and in nude mice. 365 91

2-(Diethylamino-2-ethyl)9-hydroxyellipticinium-chloride, HCl (DHE), a new congener of the antitumor agent elliptinium acetate (Celiptium) (NMHE), has recently been selected for phase I clinical trials. NMHE has a methyl group at nitrogen 2 on the ellipticine ring while DHE possesses a basic diethylaminoethyl chain at this position. Compared to NMHE, the presence of the diethylaminoethyl side chain results in the following: a significant increase in the lipophilicity of the drug; no significant modification in either the binding constant values to DNA or the ability to intercalate between DNA base pairs; a marked decrease in the unwinding angle value of supercoiled DNA; and no significant change in the alteration of the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II in vitro. DHE appears to act as a simple reversible intercalating agent as shown by the selective mutagenic effect on Salmonella TA 1977 tester strain and by its inability to induce the SOS functions in a sfiA lac fusion containing Escherichia coli strain. From a pharmacological point of view, the presence of the diethylaminoethyl chain results in a 2-fold increase in the cytotoxicity to L1210 cultured cells, a strong increase in the antitumor efficiency on experimental murine tumors such as L1210 and P388 leukemia, B16 melanoma, M 5076 reticulosarcoma, and colon 38 adenocarcinoma, and finally an objective decrease in the acute and subacute toxicity in mice, rat, and macaque. The absence of significant differences in the interaction of NMHE and DHE with their potential targets in vitro leads to the hypothesis that the superiority of DHE in terms of cytotoxicity and antitumor efficiency may be due to an increase in the diffusion across cellular membrane and a more favorable biodistribution in vivo.
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PMID:Physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the antitumor ellipticine derivative 2-(diethylamino-2-ethyl)9-hydroxy ellipticinium-chloride, HCl. 367 74

A total of 14 patients, 7 male and 7 female, received in all 21 evaluable courses of cyclophosphamide administered by 5-day continuous infusion. Cyclophosphamide doses were escalated from 300 to 400 mg/m2 per day for 5 days and repeated every 21-28 days. The patient population had a median age of 55 years (range 38-76) and a median Karnofsky performance status of 80 (range 60-100). Only 1 patient had not received prior therapy; 5 patients had received only prior chemotherapy, 1 had received only prior radiotherapy, and 7 had received both. Tumor types were gastric (1), lung (2), colon (4), urethral adenocarcinoma (1), cervical (2), chondrosarcoma (1), melanoma (1), uterine leiomyosarcoma (1), and pancreatic (1). The dose-limiting toxicity was granulocytopenia, with median WBC nadir of 1700/microliter (range 100-4800) in 8 heavily pretreated patients treated at 350 mg/m2 per day for 5 days. One patient without heavy prior treatment received two courses at 400 mg/m2 and had WBC nadirs of 800/microliter and 600/microliter. WBC nadirs occurred between days 9 and 21 (median 14). Drug-induced thrombocytopenia occurred in only one patient (350 mg/m2 per day, nadir 85,000/microliter). Neither hyponatremia nor symptomatic hypo-osmolality was observed. Radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis may have been worsened in one patient. Nausea and vomiting were mild. Objective remissions were not observed. The maximum tolerated dose for previously treated patients is 350 mg/m2 per day for 5 days. This dose approximates the doses of cyclophosphamide commonly used with bolus administration. Plasma steady-state concentrations (Css) of cyclophosphamide, measured by gas liquid chromatography, were 2.09-6.79 micrograms/ml. Steady state was achieved in 14.5 +/- 5.9 h (mean +/- SD). After the infusion, cyclophosphamide disappeared from plasma monoexponentially, with a t 1/2 of 5.3 +/- 3.6 h. The area under the curve of plasma cyclophosphamide concentrations versus time (AUC) was 543 +/- 150 micrograms/ml h and reflected a cyclophosphamide total-body clearance (CLTB) of 103 +/- 31.6 ml/min. Plasma alkylating activity, assessed by p-nitrobenzyl-pyridine, remained steady at 1.6-4.3 micrograms/ml nor-nitrogen mustard equivalents. Urinary excretion of cyclophosphamide and alkylating activity accounted for 9.3% +/- 7.6% and 15.1% +/- 2.0% of the administered daily dose, respectively. The t1/2 and AUC of cyclophosphamide associated with the 5-day continuous infusion schedule are similar to those reported after administration of cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2 as an i.v. bolus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of cyclophosphamide administered by five-day continuous intravenous infusion. 375 57

Inasmuch as solid tumor growth and some intervention methods for tumor control have often been related to the low oxygen levels in tumor tissue, and a special role for hypoxia, perhaps even in oncogenesis, has been suggested by observations of unexpectedly low tumor incidence in mice caged a lifetime in the environment of a simulated altitude, inbred C3H/HeN mammary tumor virus-positive mice bearing transplanted tumors (16/C murine mammary adenocarcinoma) were exposed to atmospheric pressure variants ranging from 0.33 to 2.0 in different sequences 24 hours/day. Breathing gases included air, 100% oxygen, and other nitrogen--oxygen combinations. Exposure to the pressure sequences was continuous, beginning on the third day after tumor inoculation and continuing until planned necropsy at 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Actual tumor weight was used as a measure of effect. Mice caged at simulated altitude had tumors that averaged 45% of the weight of control tumors. The maximum effect occurred with continuous 2-week exposure to 0.43 atm. beginning on day 3 of tumor growth. At necropsy, these experimental tumors weighed an average of 15% of the control tumor weight. Life-span studies showed a maximum of 36% increase in longevity in the hypobaric pressure-exposed mice when compared to that of unexposed controls.
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PMID:Atmospheric pressure effects on tumor growth: hypobaric anoxia and growth of a murine transplantable tumor. 630 May 3

Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) is a nitrogen mustard derivative of estradiol-17 beta which is rapidly dephosphorylated to yield estramustine. Estramustine is metabolized to estromustine mainly in the liver. Both estramustine and estromustine are retained in rat prostate with a high degree of specificity. This retention is due to the binding of estramustine and/or estromustine to a protein called EMBP (estramustine binding protein). When estimated by HPLC, the molecular weights of these estramustine binding components in rat prostate are 45,000-50,000 and 25,000-30,000, respectively. HPLC and glycerol density gradient analysis clearly demonstrated the occurrence of EMBP in a cytosol preparation from human prostatic cancer tissue. When estimated by HPLC, the molecular weights of estramustine binding components are 45,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively. In addition, results of effectiveness of Estracyt studied under a cooperative research group in Japan, are reported in this paper. Effectiveness was evaluated at 3 months of the treatment on 121 patients with untreated prostatic cancer (Study I) and 95 patients with reactivated cancer (Study II), at 12 months of the treatment on 68 patients in Study I and 85 patients in Study II, and at 24 months on 37 patients in Study I and 23 patients in Study II. At 3 months of the treatment, Estracyt was effective in 89% of untreated prostatic cancers, and 38% of reactivated prostatic cancers. At 24 months of the treatment, this drug was effective in 65% of untreated prostatic cancers and 30% of reactivated ones. Estracyt is especially recommended as a first-choice drug for both the untreated patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and reactivated cancer.
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PMID:[Estracyt (estradiol-nitrogen mustard complex)--estramustine binding protein and its specificity]. 648 30

The carcinogenic effect of an oral administration of 3-di(hydroxymethyl)-amino-6-(5-nitro-2-furylethenyl)-1,2,4-triazin e (DHNT) was studied in two strains of rats. Ishibashi (IS) rats have a perpetual absorption disturbance while Wistar Imamichi (WI) rats have no such disturbance. Small intestinal carcinomas developed in 10 out of 15 (66.7%) IS rats and in all 8 (100%) Wistar rats given 3,500 ppm DHNT for 43 weeks. The total number of lesions in the small intestine was 24 in IS rats and 21 in WI rats. Histologically, the lesions consisted of 7 mucosal dysplasias, 4 adenomas and 12 tubular and 1 papillary adenocarcinoma in IS rats, and 3 mucosal dysplasias, 1 adenomas, and 15 tubular and 2 papillary adenocarcinomas in WI rats. The levels of plasma leucine aminopeptidase, copper and total protein were lower, while blood urea nitrogen was higher in both strains of rats given DHNT than in control rats.
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PMID:Carcinogenic effects of 3-di(hydroxymethyl)-amino-6-(5-nitro-2-furylethenyl)-1,2,4-triazine in the small intestine of Ishibashi and Wistar rats. 654 40

Both hypobaric exposure at 0.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) and hyperbaric pressure exposure at 3.5-8 ATA slowed transplantable tumor growth. These experiments detailed the hyperbaric pressure exposure. C3H/HeN-MTV+ mice, bearing the 16/C transplantable murine mammary adenocarcinoma and exposed to 18 days' treatment by a hyperbaric chamber at 3.5-8 ATA, had tumor weights that averaged 50-75% less than the tumor weights in mice caged at ambient ("sea level") pressure. A series of experiments was run to investigate this response to hyperbaric pressure exposure. After mice underwent continuous exposure to 3.5-8 ATA normoxic (normal oxygen) hyperbaric pressure with use of either argon or nitrogen inert gas, which began 3 days after tumor inoculation, tumors were removed at about 3 weeks' growth from these pressure-exposed mice and measured for growth by weighing. Final tumor weight in pressure-exposed experimental mice was significantly less than tumor weight in paired groups of tumor-bearing controls that received no hyperbaric pressure. Tumor weight was inversely related to pressure "dose," although the small pressure range produced an effect at all pressures used. The number of compression-decompression cycles to which the animals were subjected, however, was related positively to tumor weight at necropsy. Continued tumor growth in mice subjected to frequent pressure change (in conjunction with pressure exposure that otherwise limited tumor size) was unexplained by these experiments. The greatest difference between tumor weights in controls and pressure-exposed animals was seen with 2 weeks' continuous pressure exposure. A limited profile of blood tests was performed, and these reflected only minor, expected change in the pressure-exposed experimental animals. The data at hand did not suggest a mechanism by which chronic normoxic hyperbaric pressure limited tumor size.
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PMID:Hyperbaric pressure effects measured by growth of a transplantable tumor in the C3H/HeN mouse. 659 Sep 14

The effects of diets containing 12% (W/W) and 28% of casein or lactalbumin hydrolysate on the growth of implanted mammary adenocarcinoma H2712 in C3H-HeJ strain and fibrosarcoma 1038 in DBA-2J strain mice were compared. Our data indicate that amino acid intake in excess of the minimum requirement for normal growth of non-tumour-bearing mice enhances the growth of implanted fibrosarcoma and mammary carcinoma. The effect is not related to protein quality or amino acid distribution and appears to be solely dependent on the amino acid or nitrogen concentration in the diet.
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PMID:The effect of concentration and type of dietary protein hydrolysates on tumour growth in mice. 665 86

Rat alveolar macrophages (AM) were exposed in vivo or in vitro to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and subsequently tested for phagocytic and tumoricidal activities. AM obtained by lavage from Fischer 344/N rats exposed for 4 h to 40 ppm NO2 were significantly more phagocytic to opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC), exhibited an increased cytotoxic response toward syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma cells, and were more sensitive to activation by agents such as lipopolysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide, and macrophage-activating factor, as compared with the response of AM obtained from unexposed control rats. Repeated 4 h/d NO2 exposures over 7-d or 14-d periods usually resulted in AM activity similar to control levels, with some instances of increased phagocytic activity of the AM but not to the extent of that observed for a single 4 h exposure. There were no significant decreases in the cytotoxic or phagocytic activities of the AM during any of the exposure periods. For the in vitro exposures, AM were lavaged from normal rats and then exposed for various periods to 10, 20, or 40 ppm NO2. A dose-related and time-dependent enhanced cytotoxic response of AM was observed. Maximum AM-mediated cytotoxicity occurred after an in vitro exposure to 10 ppm NO2 for 2 h. The cytotoxic response was directed toward syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma cells but not against syngeneic embryoblast cells, indicating that the AM retained the ability to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells. No inhibitory effects of NO2 on AM-mediated cytotoxicity were observed. These experiments suggest that the host AM-mediated immune defense of the lung may be modulated by host exposure to inhaled chemicals.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro NO2 exposures enhance phagocytic and tumoricidal activities of rat alveolar macrophages. 682 22


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