Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0001418 (adenocarcinoma)
 68,496 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

I have investigated 84 endometrial specimens (from 15 cases of normal endometrium, 20 cass of hyperplasia and 49 cases of endometrial carcinoma) to determine the relationship between three proteins (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 gene product and c-erB-2 gene product) and endometrial carcinoma by immuno-histochemical staining. In 49 cases of endometrial carcinoma, the positive rates for PCNA, p53 protein (mutant type) and c-erbB-2 protein were 65.3%, 59.2% and 22.4%. I could not find the expression of p53 protein besides endometrial carcinoma. And I could find the expression of c-erbB-2 protein in 11 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 1 case of atypical hyperplasia, but not in normal endometrium. p53 protein was more common in such a case, as with lymphnode metastasis, deep myometral invasion and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. c-erbB-2 was also more common in a case with deep myometrial invasion. In conclusion, PCNA, p53 protein and c-erbB-2 protein are related to the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma. So they can be useful factors in making the prognosis.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of PCNA, p53 gene product and c-erbB-2 gene product in endometrial carcinoma]. 893 11

We examined patterns of growth of cancer cells in specimens of alveoli taken from 41 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (36 men and 5 women, mean age 65 years). For comparison, 8 samples from patients with small cell carcinoma (6 men and 2 women, mean age 64) and 71 samples from patients with adenocarcinoma (48 men and 23 women, mean age 62) were also studied. The samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and then subjected to immunostaining. Glandular structures composed of non-atypical cuboidal cells with negative p53 staining and scanty positive PCNA staining were found in 90% of the samples of squamous cell carcinoma. In small cell carcinoma, 25% of the samples had small numbers of no-atypical glandular structures. In adenocarcinoma, no non-atypical glandular structures were seen. Glandular structures were observed in the periphery of the cancerous tissue. Some of these non-atypical cells were attached to the alveolar basement membranes. We conclude that squamous cell carcinoma grows between the basement membrane and the alveolar epithelium, and leaves noncancerous epithelium with glandular structure.
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PMID:[Growth of squamous cells lung cancer between alveolar basement membrane and alveolar epithelium]. 896 97

Five cases of intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas are here described. This group of tumors represents a distinct clinicopathological entity with characteristic endoscopic, radiological, gross and microscopic appearances. Our five cases all showed marked dilatation of the main pancreatic duct which contained mucin and papillary tumor, sometimes filling and sometimes lining the lumen. The papillae were lined by columnar epithelium showing varying degrees of dysplasia. In one case there was adjacent invasive adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein was strongly positive in a majority of cells in the three cases with severe epithelial dysplasia and in the invasive adenocarcinoma, while weaker staining in a minority of cells was seen in the remaining two cases. A small proportion of tumor cells expressed PCNA and Ki-67 immunohistochemically in four cases, while the case with severe dysplasia and invasive carcinoma showed positivity for these proliferation markers in most cells. The four cases of exclusively intraductal tumor showed no evidence of disease recurrence at follow-up (median 55 months). The patient with IPMN and associated invasive adenocarcinoma died 21 months post-operatively. In view of its relatively favourable prognosis, it is important that IPMN is recognised.
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PMID:Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: a report of five cases with immunohistochemical findings. 909 70

Studies in a canine bronchogenic carcinoma model indicate that alveolar type II cells may differentiate from carcinogen-exposed epithelium of larger bronchi and generate adenocarcinomas with bronchioloalveolar and other growth patterns. In this study, we investigated whether type II cells are one of the major proliferating cells (= stem cells) in the genesis of two major subsets of bronchogenic carcinoma in humans. Adenocarcinomas (17 bronchioloalveolar; 3 papillary; and 10 other) and squamous cell carcinomas (n = 27) as well as (pre)neoplastic lesions in adjacent bronchi and bronchioles were examined for the presence of type II cell markers and cellular proliferation markers (PCNA; Ki-67) using light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Distinctive features of type II cells, which do not depend upon the degree of cell maturity, are the approximately cuboid shape, large and roundish nucleus, cytoplasmic staining for surfactant protein A (SP-A), and presence of multilamellar bodies or their precursory forms. Cells with this phenotype were found in early progressive (i.e., dysplastic, in situ, microinvasive) lesions in conducting airways and in all the carcinomas investigated, although with a much greater abundance among glandular lesions compared to squamous lesions. The most consistent sites of type II cells were the basal and adjacent epithelial layers. Nuclear PCNA (Ki-67) expression usually predominated in the same region. None of the lesions displayed specific Clara cell features. Our findings strongly suggest that the type II cell is a pluripotential stem cell in human lung carcinogenesis. Based on our findings in humans and dogs, we postulate that type II tumor stem cells may originate from one of two sources: (1) normal bronchial epithelium (by an oncofetal mechanism of differentiation); and (2) normal alveolar type II cells.
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PMID:The alveolar type II cell is a pluripotential stem cell in the genesis of human adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. 915 Nov 20

The pathogenesis of pulmonary tumors induced by a tobacco carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and its inhibition by black tea have been characterized. Female A/J mice (6 weeks old) were treated with a single dose of NNK (103 mg/kg of body weight, i.p.) on day 0, and the cell proliferation index was measured by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) immunohistochemically. The number of BrdUrd-labeled cells increased in the bronchiolar epithelium from day 2 to day 14, with the highest proliferation rate observed on day 5. By day 35, the BrdUrd-labeling index returned to the level of the control group. Further examination of the day 35 samples revealed the presence of foci of hyperproliferative cells in the bronchiolar epithelium, particularly in the bronchiolalveolar regions. These proliferating bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) may be the initiated sites for pulmonary tumorigenesis. In this short-term model, administration of black tea polyphenols (0.3%) through the drinking water starting 24 h after NNK treatment significantly inhibited NNK-induced early bronchiolar cell proliferation on day 5. In long-term studies, adenomas were observed in 100% (15 of 15) of the mice at week 16, with 7.8 +/- 0.8 tumors per mouse. At week 52, a malignant tumor incidence of 80% (41 of 51 mice) and a malignant tumor multiplicity of 2.39 +/- 0.19 were observed. The growth patterns of the malignant tumors, which included solid, papillary, and mixed types, may be associated with the cellular origin of the tumor. The cell proliferation indices, as measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry, were significantly higher in dysplasia within adenoma than in adenoma, and significantly higher in adenoma at week 52 than in adenoma at week 16. Administration of black tea, starting 16 weeks after a single dose of NNK, inhibited the progression of adenoma to adenocarcinoma as determined by both malignant tumor incidence and multiplicity. The cell proliferation rate in adenomas was also suppressed by black tea treatment. The present work demonstrates the antiproliferative activities of black tea and its polyphenols. Such activities, at the early and late stages of lung tumorigenesis, may be important for the cancer-chemopreventive activities of black tea.
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PMID:Characterization of early pulmonary hyperproliferation and tumor progression and their inhibition by black tea in a 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis model with A/J mice. 915 81

This retrospective study was designed to investigate the relationship between overexpression of the 67 kD laminin receptor (67LR) using immunohistochemistry, and several clinicopathological parameters including overall survival in human gastric adenocarcinoma. We stained paraffin-embedded sections of 93 resected primary gastric adenocarcinomas using a polyclonal antibody specific for the 67LR as well as monoclonal antibodies for p53 protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and chromagranin. The results showed statistically significant correlations between overexpression of the 67LR and types of early or advanced gastric carcinoma (p < 0.001), depth of invasion (p < 0.001), WHO histopathologic classification (p < 0.001), stage (p = 0.001), expression of p53 protein (p = 0.019), expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (p < 0.001) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (p = 0.002). A lower proportion of signet ring cells revealed a higher percentage of overexpression of 67LR in both early (p < 0.002) and advanced (p < 0.001) gastric carcinomas. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma (according to Lauren's classification) revealed a higher percentage of overexpression of the 67LR than the diffuse type in both early (p = 0.057) and advanced (p < 0.001) gastric carcinomas. The correlations between overexpression of the 67LR and lymph node metastasis were statistically significant (p < 0.07). Although the overexpression of the 67LR tended to correlate with lower survival rates, the correlation was not statistically significant due to the limited sample size. Our data revealed that overexpression of the 67LR is correlated with the progression of gastric carcinoma. The expression of the 67LR may be important as one of the steps which determines invasiveness during the progression of cancer.
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PMID:Overexpression of the 67 kD laminin receptor correlates with the progression of gastric carcinoma. 918 88

Although experimental studies indicate that overexpression of metallothionein (MT), glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), or P-glycoprotein (P-GP) is related to the drug resistance of cancer cells, the clinical significance of the overexpression remains to be elucidated. The expressions of MT, GST-pi, and P-GP wre evaluated immunohistochemically in 74 specimens of gastric adenocarcinoma in T1-3N1-2 stages which were resected with curative intent. Fluorinated pyrimidines, mitomycin C, and Adriamycin were prescribed in 73, 54, and 2 patients, respectively. The staining characteristics were investigated in relation to the clinical results. The cell-proliferative activity was studied with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. Expressions of GST-pi and P-GP correlated with the staining intensity of normal mucosa. Five-year disease-free survival rates (DFSRs) of GST-pi-negative and GST-pi-positive groups were 75.0 and 49.0%. The 5-year DFSRs of P-GP-negative and P-GP-positive groups were 68.2 and 38.6%. Concurrent expression among the three proteins was associated with the survival: 5-year DFSR of no- or one-protein-positive group was 75.0%, while those of 2- and 3-protein-positive groups were 56.0 and 38.9%, respectively. Tumors concurrently expressing 2 or 3 proteins have a high proliferative activity. Expressions of MT, GST-pi, and P-GP by the tumor are associated with a poorer prognosis of the patients.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of the expressions of metallothionein, glutathione-S-transferase-pi, and P-glycoprotein in curatively resected gastric cancer. 926 Jun 1

In this study we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of the p53 protein in 44 ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas and its relation to cell proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis, three factors affecting tumor growth. The results were evaluated against survival and other clinical parameters of the patients. p53-positivity was found in 18/44 (41%) of the tumors. A positive p53 status was significantly associated with a high extent of necrosis (> or = 10% of tumor tissue)(p = 0.04, Fisher's exact test), with a high immunohistochemical expression of PCNA (p = 0.04, Fisher's exact test) and with a high mitotic count (p = 0.05, two-tailed t test). No statistically significant association was found between p53-positivity and high or low extent of apoptosis as evaluated by in situ labeling of the 3'-ends of the DNA fragments (p = 0.34, Fisher's exact test). Patient survival was not associated with the p53 expression of the tumors or separately with tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. The results suggest that an altered p53 function, as reflected by p53 overexpression, affects tumor growth by promoting cell proliferation and necrosis, but does not show a significant association with the extent of apoptosis in operated pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Association between p53 overexpression, cell proliferation, tumor necrosis and extent of apoptosis in operated pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 936 91

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is synthesized and secreted by mesenchymal cells. We used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to determine whether immunoreactivity for PDGF and PDGF receptor (PDGF-R) might be a prognostic indicator in lung carcinoma. We compared these results with those of immunohistochemistry for anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA). Indirect immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed for PDGF B-chain, PDGF-R beta and PCNA antibodies, and PDGF B mRNA on frozen, paraffin-embedded sections of 92 surgically resected lung carcinomas (39 squamous cell carcinomas, 47 adenocarcinomas, 2 large-cell carcinomas, 2 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 2 double carcinomas). Clinicopathologic data (sex, age, stage, survival period, histologic type, and degree of cell differentiation) were evaluated using a statistical analysis system. PDGF reactivity was positive in tumor cell cytoplasm in some cases of squamous cell carcinoma (64%) and adenocarcinoma (55%) and in all cases of large-cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and double carcinoma. PDGF-R reactivity was detected only in tumor stroma. Positive PDGF staining was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with lung carcinoma, independent of age, sex, stage, and degree of cell differentiation (risk ratio = 2.53, p = 0.03). PDGF B mRNA was detected in 100% of PDGF-positive squamous cell carcinomas and in 85% of adenocarcinomas. There was no correlation between PDGF expression and PCNA index in lung carcinomas. Together, these results suggest that immunohistochemistry for PDGF B-chain may predict the outcome for lung carcinoma patients.
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PMID:Expression in lung carcinomas of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors. 938 86

A case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver in a patient with an elevated level of serum squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen is reported. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 10-day history of fever and jaundice. From the results of laboratory and imaging studies before surgery, a diagnosis of cholangiocellular carcinoma was made, and the patient underwent right trisegmentectomy with regional lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and a transitional area containing both types of cancer cells. The number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and the labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were markedly elevated and the deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy pattern was aneuploid in the squamous component. The patient died due to liver metastases 3 months after the operation. We reviewed the 31 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver reported in the Japanese and English language literature, including the present case.
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PMID:Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of liver resected by right trisegmentectomy: report of a case and review of the literature. 943 28


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